i
11
..' ir
r
-IV
V
Y?
the course adopted, and make it vastly upen- Republic ot Mexico andine united iaie. i anil mnny memlfi
or. even if it should involve the same sacrifice 4 well.knojv that you Toted wiih a view to lurn- , at the same time
i . ; . - . .
-t i',hy m its rtiot ab-joiuie urm.
'not' undertake to explain why it is so
will frPfe Government cn all the people of this con
will i tinent, and over the world, if (hey had ihe powv
II has been lately urgeu in a very ri-spuui
rjhjeciinshcrtoonr control. If hat constant.
tlm nnlv ohicct was indem-
ifunii.M j 4 ji i prescribed tor myseii iiinii i uepiru ; i - . - . i . ... ,
ffity, nnJ thM the war i pelted to obtain . t , F . frwhlhefact - try to spread civil and religious liberty
by treaty; and yet. If ih result. HpuW J"-" j " Ecutire andlhe House of Lord, (the , the globe, and especially brer ihwicoi.
4 - . ' I . 1 . 1 ... MP. mil Wl 1 1TA9U
hatO sntten.tne enu v .
.o "plain why i, o, It j -',. , -T-".. l.! Uh fta! -T.jW
talie me further trwn ine course which i .r , r'"" V.V'' ."-;. u-. ! ilU. mc the usual phrase, ibe vijoro isi' and hia army, then . surrounded by imm.nenl
.'Vler fUl .h.&e I rr .o' civil aild 'SKTi pros.io o! 0,e Me.ico is ,a. i dc.il'; danger, and;,,,, vvi.h in.en.i.n ; of rcc..gni.
i.vnt.dWlir be accomplished, and what baj
beeh itowed to bo if. object will be eleateu.
Such a rf wU woolJ be n deep and-lai ting im.
beaebmint of the siiiccrily or the intelligence
Li-.u- rt..niAnt : of its sincerity, because
ijjjwtjy W)oSed t.i what it has continually and
eniDhatically di-avowed ; or nf il intelligence.
for not perceiving what ought to Have been so
readily anticipated. . . u
We have heard rtlddh of the reputation which
our country has acquired by this war. : I ac
knottledgB it to the tull amount, so far as the
fnililary is concerned. The army has done its
duty nobly, and conferred high honors on the
. -i ix. i -Jurpfplv (hank them: but
I irmreLend that the reputation acquired does . dny, and military despotism closed the scene
nnti in nno rnui in uuicr irsuccis i - -
ihSt ber Executive and the House ot L,oru, ne iu .u "j
coaservative branches of her Government) are even by force, if necessary. ,It is a s ad dela-
boiir hereditary, while the other House of Par- sion. None but a people advancedto a high
i..L . u - ..i-k AvM..Hfr. The Roman state of moral and intellectual excellence are
liaiHCIll iitia.it uwwutai v.nai'"' - ... .... 1 j J
Government exceeded the British in its capac capable, m a civilized condition, of forming and
m l r ..-arnrnpnf pfprriid eiw maintaitunfr ree iiovernmems anu amons
itl ." " --" --i r - .
isiti and none
c .
II Y iur tuiiuucsu iu - - j t 1
DrobailV evr Will, Wlivii, III uiai ( iuuss " n i v ou , y .
particular equalled ft; but its capacity to hold j have had the good forlUhc? lo form constitutions
conquered provinces in subjection was as noth. capable of endurance. It is a remarkaVjle lact
ing compared to ihal of Great Britain; and j in the political history of man, tat there is
hehce when ib? Uoman power passed beyond scarcely an instance of a free constitutional Go-
, . ; . , - . .j.. . . l
body, and that fs the only way that we cau cut, sing the war, anu luaiyou remonsiraieu nnu
the cord which binds us to the corpse. - protested against that interpretation being put
In recommending this line of policy Mook upon your, votes. Hut $ince it passed, and the
not to the iuteicsts of Mexico, but to those of : j war was recognised, mhil of you have contin.
our own country,! and to the preservation of its ued to vote for appropriijions fo prosecute the
free popular institutions. With me the liberty 1 war, when the object of 'prosecuting it was a
of the country is jail in all. If that be preserved, vowed to be to acquire territory as an indemni
every thing willjbc preserved ; but if lost, all y. Now, I cannot seefhow the twocan be re
will be lost. TJ preserve it, it is indispensa- j conciled h6w yon cantrefuse to take indemni.
ble to adopt a course of moderation and justice ' ty in territory when yo& have voted means for
toward all other countries ; to avoid war when- the express purpose of obtaining such indemni.
ever it can be avoided ; to let those great cau- ' ty The people are notable to understand why
i r
not
ffo befi
we batelfost instead of acquiring reputation by
1 tbo war. j It would seem certaln,rom all pul.
' lications 'abroad, that the Government itself has
hoi gained reputation in the eyes of the world
for iustice. moderation, or wisdom. Whether
this be deserved) or not it is rtot for me lo In.
qufrfl at present ; I am now speaking merely
of reputation, and in that view It appears that
we have lost abroad as much in civil and polit
ical reputation as we have acquired for our skill
' and valor in arms. Cut, much as I regard mil.
Jtary glory, as much as I rejoice to witness the
display of that indomitable energy and courage
; "which surmounts all difficulties, I would be sor-
1 ty" indeed that our Government should lose any
portion that high character for justice, modera-
! i ti6najid j discretion which distinguished it in
i therearly stages ol our history.
Tue hxt reason assigned i? that, either hold.
ling Mexico as a province or incorporating her
i Into the Union, would be unprecedented by our
example in our history. VVre have conquered
many of the neighboring tribes of Indians, but
I xtfc havejnever thought of holding them in sub-
Ejection or of incorporating themlntoour Union.
They hate been left as an independent people
i in the midst of us, or been driven back into the
forests Nor have we ever incorporated into
1 r the Union any but the Caucasian race. To
incorporate Mexico would be the first depart.
, j ure of the kind; for more than halt of its popu
lation are pure Indians, And by the larger por.
! of the rcitjue " mixed blood. I protest against
! the incorporation of such a people. Ours is
the government of the while man. The great
tnlsforturie of what was formerly Spanish Amer
ica, is to be traced to the fatal error of placing
the colored race on an equality with the white.
iThit error destroyed the social arrangement
tyhtch formed the basis of their society. This
; error wo; have wholly escaped. The Brazil,
j .ant, formerly a province 6f Portugal, have es
! caped alio a considerable extent t and they and
ive are the only people of this continent who
jiiave made revolutions without anarchy. And
!yet, with this example before them, and our
uniformpractice, there ard those among us who
i talk about erecting these Mexicans into territo
rial! governments, and placing them son an
equality With the oeoole of these States. I ut.
; ncny proiesi against mo projeci.
j i ; It is a remarkable fac,ln this connexion,
1 1 .that, in the whole history If man, as far as my
i : information extends, thereHs no instance what
; Uevcr of any civilized colored race of any shade,
4 ibeinc found equal to the establishment and
t h majntenapce of free government, although by
'. far the largest proportion of the human family
i 1 1? composed of them and even in the savage
j! except jt- bo our noble savages ; for noble 1
rwH call jbcm for their many high qualities.
j j They foittho most part had free institutions, but
MidilPrrinean, and the Alps, liberty fell pros- I of loresight and wisdom. They have all been i ses now operating continue 10 worn, ana wmcu, , you snouia voie money f o Proiuc.y .u g ....
IrSle the Roman people became a rabble ; ' the result of a fortunate combination of circum- ' by the mere operation of time, will raise our . demnity, and refuse to take it when obtained ;
rorrupMon penetrated every department of the ! stances. It is a very difficult task to make a , country to an elevation and influence which no ; and hence public opiniofi has been brought so
L.Li, . :i. nAUnv, ,..Urt iK ! rnncihiHlnn wnrthv of bt-inT called so. This country has ever heretofore attained. By pur- decidedly to the conclusion not toterminate the
tnri:i mucin , iic-iiv, mm uuh.im iuiv.- ..iv. , j - 0 r r " , ' . . . . . V 1 . r . -t l
- .. . . . . !,. if-i i .. .1 U . . . . mov eimrnnH in rr m tvo r iKilhr.nl Ih..iIa.ii iNdamnil V Kill II fillPn
aumirauie leuerai consiinnion oi ours i ine i e- ?uui uuu a. tuuuc( o "'' " icihivihu iiiviyiiit.... .. -
suit of such a combination. It i superior to j bining greatness and liberty the highest pos- ' iirdemnity is to be hadj w ithout involving the
the wisdom of any or all of the mn by w hose j sible greatness with the largest measure of lib- ij hazard ot conquering tli. country, with all the
agency it was made. The force of circumstan. i erty and do more to extend liberty by our ex- dangers to which it woitld expose us, we must
ccs, and not foresight of wisdom, induced them j ample, over this continent and the world gen- decide whether we shalj adapt a defensive no.
to adopt mauy of its wisest provisions. erally, than would be clone by a thousand vie. siiion or not noiv this. Very session. It will,
sulyect bfiing materially impaired, on the Gov. I Dut of the few ntM;ong who have been sof;r- j tories- l ,n Preng tnese senti- : in ail possibility, dq ioo late at the nexi.
ernment subject to violence or anarchy ! Yet j tnnate as to ad t wise constitutions, still fewer ! nl? thal nd response in he breasts of , I have now benatott, delivered my sent,.
t- i i i ...uii.. i .u . ... ' . . . : ihnp nrounrl ma. If so. it must be alrlhuted ' menls with Ireedom and- candor noon all the
uugianu nas noi wmuiy cspeu iub cnii have had the wisdom long to preserve them. 1 , , , ... . ... ,V ' , .-
IO me laci mat I Mi ll growing uiu, unu uiai my wcsiiuiis uuiiiirtiru wimi uiese ri'soiuiiuiis. m
troubled to pr i ,
quently to rap wi;!
the House to ordi r
ner.
Mr. Giddings wi
olution.
Mr. Harrison rn
on; the tabic, tier -nays
on his motion.
94; nays 89. So t!
on the table.
Other rcsolutio
mitted, occupying t
adjourned.
Mr. Man gum's
General Scott's pl.V:
for prosecuting tl,
Mr. Se"vier inov
table, which moti
22, nays 20.
Mr. Webster
to bring in a bill,
carried through it
passed, making ntt
courts of the Unit
the laws rcgulatii
the several States.
Mr. Baghy sub
consideration, drir
tion, recommended to Congress to issue ltier9 whose opinion would be of great value in de- j GeneraFGovcrnrr,' :
of marque and reprisal against France, I stood' termming on the one to be adopted. It the . t0n to make annr
aionc in my piuco uciu anu ruiftu my un.o , luuic oi puiiy w uicu ki e siigcstru tuuuiu
against it, on the ground that there was no just be adopted, we may getpoace immediately.
cause of war with her; that in entering into The -war may still continue for soma lime; but
the treaty to indemnify our citizens for old ', be that as it will, it will. accomplish the all im
clairm against her, the King of France and his j portant object will extricate the country from
Ministers declared to our Minister that it re- ; its entanglement with Mexico,
quired a vote of the Chambers to make the ap. j - 1... '
lusion to these vitil considerations. U have been prnpnaiion .ocarry ." n,m una u, .y , 1 JUKI liii 1 lli UUiN IjKKoJS.
often struck w.th the fcctihat. m the discussions i were nZ further responsible than to use heir , FfnsT
industry, with all the vast accumulation of ca cf ,h eat questions in which'we are now en-I ,,est e"orts lo mduce them . to do so. lhis. i- .
ua anu power oi macninery who wnic-n mny 2atTed .relating to the ori'Mn and the conduct ot , , , .: v,orresponaence oi me menmona i imes and compiler.
me ireaiy accepieu auu ruuucu, w,i w,,3 uu- WASnf vr-rrv Tin 17 1R1B'
dition attached. And yet the President, al. VVASniNCN, Jan. 17, 1848.
though he admitted that the Kins and his Min-
U. S. SENATE.
England with
suliiect-provinces of vastly greater territorial
extent, and probably of not errferior population
(I have compared them,) we see her, 1 repeat.
going on without the personal liberty ol the
which must ever befall a free Government
which holds extensive provinces in subjection ;
fori although she has not lost her liberty or fall
enfinlo anarchy, yet we behold the population
of England crushed to the. earth by the super
incumbent weight of debt and taxation, which
may one day terminate in revolution. The
wealth derived from her conquests and nrovin- , -iM)e ma3t:in ,h,..i was. that "oower is always
. i . i . i . it . -
can possessions may nave coniribuieu to sweii
the overgrown fortunes of the upper classes,
bu has done nothing to alleviate the pressure
on the laboring masses below. On the con
trary, the expense incident to their conquest,
and of governing and holding them in sulyec
tioh, have been drawn mainly from their labor,
and have increased instead of decreasing the
weight of the pressure. It has placed a bur-
deri upon them which, with all their skill and
It is harder to preserve them than to obtain lib
erty. After years of prosperity, the tenure by
which it is held is but too often forgotten ; and
I fear, Senators, that such is the case with us.
TU-:. L.. I . i 111 ... T.
I ui.-ie i s no Miiicuuuu now auum; inii'in. i , . .... T , f.i , . t A 11 1 i .1
was not so in the early days of the Republic. . , , , X. L. : .k
,1 c . 1 - 1 . 11 . ij 1 Since. UUriOir lUO auci pan 01 ij huuihiim a. ju uiaui un ucu iiuui nit
Then It was Ihe first obiect of our solicitude. .ummg mo V . 1 u uii r .
principles and feelings belong to a period of propose nothing now ; but, if I find that I will
thirty or thirty. five years ante rior to the present ' be supported, 1 will movje to raise a committee,
date. It is not. however, the first time I have, to deliberate upon the subject of the defensive
ventured in their maintenance to stand alone line. 1
stealing from the many to the few ;" " the price
of liberty is perpetual vigilance." Then no
question of any magnitude came up in which
the first inquiry was not Is it constitutional ?"
is it consistent with our free popular institu
tions ?" " how is it to affect our liberty ?" It is
not so now. Questions of the greatest magni
tude are now discussed without reference or al-
such institutions are much more easily sustained
among a savage than a civilized people. Are we
I to overlook this great fact? Are we to associate
with ourselves as equals, companions, and fel-
low.citizins, the Indians and mixed races of Mex
Jico t I wduld consider such association asdegra
j ding to ourselves and fatal to our institutions.
; ihe next remaining reasons assigned, that
it would be Jn conflict with the genius and char
actef of our Gevernment, and in the end, sub-
1, 1 cfiic 01 our iree insiiiuiions, are iniimately
f J connected, and I shall consider them together.
i natjfij would be contrary to the genius and
character of our Government, and subversive
j of our free popular institutions, to hold Mexico
wa Buujtrti province, is a proposition loo clear
1 i.r 1 1 ' ...
I vi. aiguiMviu oeiore a uoay so enlightened as,
the Senate. You know the American Consti
tution toe well, you have looked into history,
and are too well acquainted with the fatal eb
:; recti which largo provincial possessions have
, ! ever had on Ihe institutions of free States, to
( 1 reed any. proof to satisfy you how hostile it
i v would bato tho institutions of this country to
! j' hold Mexico as a subject province. There is
j jnot an famplo on reqord of any free State
!i,H4iPg .a province of the same extent and dod.
ulation without disastrous consequences. The
nations conquered and held as Drovinppo hnvt
In time, retaliated by destroying the liberty of
fiHTir conquerors, inrougn ihe corrupting effect
sitf extended patronage and irresponsible power.
Such certainly would be our case. The con
quest of Mexico would add so vastly to the pat-
1 1 ronap'ft nfiKn rJnvM-nmf nt. that it wniilrl nrianrK
the whole powers of the States: the Union
would become an imperial powers, and the
States reduced to mere subordinate corpora
lions. t Dut the evil would not end ihere ; ihe
process would go on, and the power transferred
lrom theStates to the Union would bo trans
ferred from this Legislative department to the
Executive. All the immense natron a ire whirh
holding fexicoas a province would create, the
maintenance of a large army to hold it in sub
jection, ind the appointment of a multitude of
cWU officers necessary to govern it, would be
, vested lo him. The great influence which it
torllll1 ntrnm. .U Tl !J.... 111 . t
..w-. rresiaeni wouiu ue me means
are aided, they are scarce capable of bearing,
without being reduced to ihe lowest debths of
poverty. Take, for example, Ireland, her ear
liest and nearest conquest, and is it not to this
day a cause of heavy expense, and a burden,
instead of a source of revenue ?
On the contrary, our Government, iri this
particular, is the very reverse of the British.
Of all free Governments7 it has the least capa
city, in proportion to tlie wealth and population
of;the country, to bear patronage. The ge
nius of the two, in this particlar, is precisely
opposite, however much alike in exterior forms
aqd other particulars.! 1 he cause ot this dif.
fe"pnce I will not undertake to explain on the
present occasion. It results from its federal
character and elective chief magistrate ; and,
soTar from the example of Great Britain con
stituting a safe precedent for us to follow, the
litjje she has gained from her numerous con
quests and vast provincial possessions, and the
heavy burdens which it has imposed upon her
people to meet the consequent expenses, ought
to;be to us a warning never to be forgotten ;
especially when wo reflect that, from the na
ture of our Government, we would be so liable
todhe other and greater evils from which she,
from the nature ot our Government, is in a great
measure exempted. Such and so weighty are
ihej objections to conquering Mexico, and hold
ing it as a subject. province.
jor are the reasons less weighty against in
corporating her into the Union. As far as law
isjoncerned, that is easily done. AH that is
necessary is to establish a Territorial Govern
ment for the several States in Mexico, of which
there are upwards of twenty ; to appoint gov
ernors, judges, and magistrates, and to give to
the? population a subordidate right of making
law's, we defraying the cost of the Government.
Sp far as legislation goes, the work will be clone ;
but; there would be great difference between
tKeje Territorial Governments and those which
we, have heretofore established within our own
limits. These are only the offsets of our own
people, or foreigners from the same countries
frpm which our ancestors came. The first set
tlers in the Territories are too few in number to
form and support a government of their own,
ahdl are under obligation to the United States
foj- forming one for them, and defraying the ex.
pense of maintaining it knowing, as they do,
gaged, relating to the origin and the conduct of
this war, their effect on the free institutions and
t he liberty of the people have scarcely been al
luded to, although their bearing in that respect
is so direct and disastrous. They would, in
former days, have been the great and leading
topics of discussion ; and would, above others,
have had the most powerful effect in arousing
the attention of the country. But' now other
topics occupy the attention of Congress and of
the country military glory, extension ot the
measure to which I have alluded, and which
; would have been tantamount to war. Fortun
ately the Government of Great Britain, by her
I interposition, prevented it. This example, I
! C i :i ...... l u i
empire, and the aggrandizement of ihe country. I ,car; ,,as l g""."'" "",.g
'pJ.ko. , rU: nrra i.. i.J n 1 1 r ; l.i it orl? ! tendency, which we have since wilnessed, to
isters had fully redeemed their pledge to use j The Senate met atthe usual hour, and
their best efforts to obtain the necessary ap- ' was opened with pra?yer.
propriation, recommended the adoption of theT" The Vice President" laid before the Sen-
Is it because there has been a decay of the spir
it of liberty among the people ? I jhink not. I
believe that it was never more ardent. The
true cause is, that we have ceased; to remem
ber the tenure by which liberty alone can be
preserved. We have so many years of pros
perity -passed through so many difficulties and
dangers without the loss of libert" -that we be
gin to think that we hold it by right Divine from
Heaven itself. Under this impression, without
thinking or reflecting, we plunge injo war, con
tract heavy debts, increase vastly thb patronage
of the Executive, and indulge in every species
of extravagance, without thinking that we expose
our liberty to hazard. It is a great and fatal mis
take. The day of retribution will come ; and,
when it does, awful will be the reckoning, and
heavy the responsibility somewhere1,
I have now shown, Senators, that the con
quest of Mexico, and holding it as a subject-pro-vincc,
or incorporating it into our Union, is lia
ble to the many and irresistible objections as
signed in the first resolution. I jhave also
shown that the policy recommended by the Pre
sident, if carried out, would terminate in all pro
bability in its conquest, and holding ;it either in
one or the other mode stated ; and that such is
the opinion ol the President hiniself, unless in
the mean time peace can be obtained. Believ.
ing, then, that this line of policy might lead to
corisequences so disastrous, it ought not, in my
opinion, in the language of the second resolu
tion, to be adopted. Thus thinking. I cannot
giv;e it my support. The question is then pre
' sented, what should be done ? It is a great and
j difficult question, and daily becoming more so.
' I, who have used every effort in my power to
prevent this war, might excuse myself from an-
swering it, and leave it to those who have in-
in relation to it.
any responsibility
where the safety of the country or its institu
tions are at stake.
resort lo menace and force in the settlement of
our differences with other powers.
According to my opinion, all parlies are in
terested in adopting a line of policy which will
with certainty disentangle us from the affairs
of Mexico, and avoid the great sacrifices of men
and money, and the many other evils to which
the war exposes us. Let me say to my friends
who support the Administration in their policy
that you persist, and if peace by some good for- J gate the defalcation Sn the Philadelphia
. i i j . - -ii :nf 1
nine snouiu not oe ooiainea, me war win goon lutni lies Over. j
ate a report from tpe Commissioner of
Public Buildings. j
Mr. Bradberry. of faine, presented the
credentials of Mr. Moore, appointed to
succeed the late Senator Fairfield, from
Maine, Mr. M. was sworn in and took
his seat. J
Mr. MangunTs resolution, giving to the
official reporters of jhe Senate seats on
the floor of the Senate chamber, was
taken up and adopted.
Mr. Cameron submitted, for the consid
eration of the Sena(r a resolution ap
pointing a special committee to invesli-
Mr. Mangum's resolution calling for
General Scott's planof conducting the
war with Mexico, was taken up. A de
bate sprang up on jt. in which Messrs
Cass, Mangum and Allen took part. The
subject was then lai'd aside for present.
Mr. Berrien submitted for considera-
from year to year, and you will be utterly over
thrown as a party, Do you not see that its ef
fects, in reference to our internal affairs, is to
drive you into a course ot policy directly con
trary to that which you have professed to support
and in favor of that which you have charged
your opponents with supporting. You have ev.
pr nrnfpacprl In nnniuo na n n.irfw n rmlinnfil i
debt, and charged your opponents with being ; ,lon a resolution instructing the Post Of
its advocates. But what, I ask, are the efforts fice committee to inqpre into what meas
of the war in this res pect ? Is it not to create "res were necessary o expedite the great
an immense national debt, greater than that Southern. mail lies jbver.
which the party to which you are opposed could j On motion, the Senate laid aside the
possibly have created by any other policy, had morning business anj proceeded to con
they been in power. The campaign on which j sider the order of theday the Ten Reg
you look so lightly, will add to it a sum more j intent Bill'
than half as great as the entire debt of ihejlev. j Butler spoke in opposition to the
obnion. You have been opposed to extension 1 bill. He considered; it unnecessary. It
oune paironagae oi me executive, at least in ,vnnU h ,ontPnrlP(l. nrPnt W inu P!r.
. j . .. w.
i f TV
prurincnt Ol 1U :
construct Interna! I:
Mr. Baldwin s
calling upon the Pi
mation he may .
extent and value t
longing; to Mexico ;
power that IlepuM
to any foreign (J
over such domain ;
The Senate pro ;
ation of the Ten l
Mr. Badger oj
speech, charging t!.
mediate result of t
of the President in
army to the Hio G;
After Mr, Bad.- :
of Mississippi, got t
the Senate went i
and adjourned.
JIOUSE OF IlKi
On motion of Mr.
solved itself into c
Mr. J. It. Ingersoll
sumedthc consul
message of the Pn
Mr. Jamison ml '
and made rather ..
a speech, oceanic :
laughter.
Mr. Jones of Gr
ground against 31 r.
quoted poetry rea
Mr. Hobinsnn (:
fending the Prri
strongly condemit. -
Mr.' Tuck of Nrv
the floor, when tl.
the House adjour::
profession. But this war is doing more to en
large his patronge than any other policy which
ecutive patronage, already too large and
dangerous. He denounced a servile com-
less to be in favor of a melallir rurrenev. Do I Pnce With Executi ve demands, Urging
itmi not oaa I K o t tuil k f V r i inrno C y-fclr - r A )
that Congress should
The first consideration in determiping what
oT J ' : 1 . I ! :
that, when they have sufficient population, they currctJ greer responsibility
willbe permitted to form a constitution for them- , B,l 1 W'U no shrmk from
selves, and be admitted as a member of the
Union. During the period of their Territorial
Government, no force is necessary to keep them
in a state of subjection. The case will ho cn
tirely different with these Mexican Territories.
When you form them, you must have powerful
armies to hold them in subjection, with all the
expanses incident to supporting them. Yrou
mW call them Territories, but they would, in
reality, be out provinces unuer another name,
and! would involve the country in all the difficul
ties and dangers which I have already shown
1 . t .1 . .1
voulu resuu irom noioing ine couniry in mat nnhvvhirhii-i .-!.. j Jj
cbiHlition. How long this state of things would : i ' ,1 " ": VtV "' ",u
' 1 b. in nrr 1 III. lllirT.I II III 111 111 t (1 nr. n... BA . -. -.
. .v. null) U OIJI OWIl
exercise its own
judgment, and act upon its responsibility
in carrying put that judgment, and not to
yield to every expressed wish of Xhe Pres
ident, merely hecause it was his wish.
Treasury notes, you are in danger of being
plunged again in the lowest depths of Ihe pa
per system ? You, as .a party, have advocated
the doctrine of free trade. Do you not see that
by the vast increase of the expenditures of the . Mr. Butler said that Mexico had a right
country, and the heavy interest which you will j to complain of the terms demanded on our
have to pay on the public debt, you are crea- ; part as the price of peace,
ting a necessity of increasing the duties on im- i Mr. Badger has the floor on the sub
ports to the highest point that revenue will ad- ; ject to-morrow.
mil, and thus depriving the country of all the Mr. Clavtrvn snhmitred a resnlntinn rail-
line ot policy, in ihe present slate pt things ( practical nenentsoi iree race, anu preventing Qn the Secretary h( the Treasury for J Tamoico with
ontrhl to be adopted, is to decide what line will the Government lrom making any material re- .i j r . l ...i.:k i xrtmi'itv,
most effectually guard againsl the; dangers ! duction, until the whole debt is paid, which , 1 nf 1
which 1 have shown would result from the con- cannot be expected during this generation ?- j h Senate then i'ent into Executive
quest of Mexico1, and the disastrous consequen- What could your opponents have done more, or : . , ,. t i; i
i ii ii . ; M i . j . c i ; Session, after which. Tt adjourned,
ces which would follow it. even as much, to destroy a system of policy w.., ... j
After the most mature reflection which I have ! which vou c,aim to distinguish you from them, . T r,TrT, .
been able to jrive to ihe mibiprt. t am of oninion i and to establish that which you allege to be the i HUuaft ur nLi linr, lAHVLo.
From the .V.
LATER FR
There were sev
er from Vera Cru
being the steam
Tucker, which hi;
touched at Tamji:
The most imor;
arrival consists of
current rumor that
on foot, which pre
to us from several
are usually well i:
thing very tangih;
note below such cis
For ourselves, wc -fact
that such an
strong and general
Captain Tucker
the brig Ilupert t :
1st inst. She wa
kAr iji . . i. t
'f lucT wouia oeimiea ione incorpora, ; hands to occupy defensively, and hold sulW,
tedimo me union as states, wemay form some ; lo negotiation, a portion of the! territory of Mex
idea from similar instances with whtli nrn . n. . . , 1 ,
claims upon her, and which will be best suited
familiar. Ireland has been held in subiection
bj England for many centuries, and yet remains
hostile, although her people are of a kindred race
vitb the conquerors. The French colony in
Cahada. still entertain hostile feelings towards
their conquerors, although living in the midst of
hern for nearly one hundred year. If we may
judge from these examples, it would be unsafe
to Conclude that the Mexicans never will be
heartily reconciled to our authority. The bet
ter jelass have Caslilian blood in their veins,
now. and have been from the first. lUt th nnlv reason why they should be excluded from pow.
. .... . .. ' . T . J n tt 1 11 . .1 ..i:.. :r
er ! tias not ana win noi mis war pom-y, u
persisted in, effectually and finally obliterate the
line of policy which you have insisted as dislin
iishin" you from them? Why, then, to save
yourselves from such a result, do you hesitate
to adopt the couise of policy I have suggested
as the only certain means of preventing these
and other evils, and the danger to which our
institutions are exposed ? The pride of opinion
may resist. I know the difficulty, and respect
it, with which we yield measures that we have
to us to acquire and least disadvantageous to
her to lose. Such was my impression when
the message of the President of the IT. States
recommended to Congress the recognition pf
the exislence of the war with Mexico. My
The first business ii order was the call
ing of committees fori reports, which be
ing through
Mr. Kovrl moved .1 rpsn utmn fn sfnn ; 11(1 Illinois VO UtlK
j ... -"-r - - . . .
to details of the :
the Government.
The ship Amen
this porton tbo -It!
fii:tf Ac' n.i'
lilllUll, ilCl u i.. I .
han Kerr, 2(1 DraL'
and Lt. Prince, ar
The propeller V.
which was amor,:'
brought over Lieut
view, at lhat lime, a, lo the proper course to be i advocated, even when lime has shown them to;
the debate on the President's Veto Mes
sage at 3 o'clock.
Mr. Stephens movejtl to lay the resolu
tions on the table, whfich motion was neg
atived yeas 92, nayi 91.
Mr. Boyd then modified bis resolution
so as to allow three Hours for debate.
orcpntrcjll.ng the Legislative department, and
subjectntg it to hi. dictation, especially when
anq are ol the old Gothic stock auite eaual to i n.i i , . r n
l.o o n i 111111 11 oeen auopiea, l wi
I lie; Ann n.S.iTnn in mriiti- ra.-n.i9 .,! mi . .
i o - v J " . . j ii c vi anu in
.,1 J ...!.L .1 ... J
vv.nuiu.Hi wiui mo principle of proscription
Which has now become the established prac
tice of the Government. The strule to ob
tam tfco presidential chair would Income pro
portionfibly; prent so great as 0 destroyed
Ibe freedom' of elections. The end NvOA1id be an
rchy or despotism as certajn as I am now ad
dressing; the Senate.
Let it' not be said that CI rent tlritl
. . :H eiample to the contrary ; that she holds pro.
H-l nnccso vast extent and population without ma.
. i ...pinng ine nueriy o the subject,
nii.Aiijl ..tr. .. ..... . .L i . t
as to uie ine supplies, 10 rescue ven. i
Taylor and his army from the dangers which
surrounded them, and take time to determine
whether we should recognise the war or not.
uld have insisted on
some superior. O a the people upon earth ' w i"--.- .""7' " V T ' . i-
they are' the most perlinacous ;P.heyPhold out ! T 'W1 a,ld to Mra.ned and disci,
nnier. nnd fi ... ,fln ,i,flM ' . . u. ! l,l,,,ed ,,ut postpone ihe declaration of war
, j, - . , . ,, UUIU Sl-lll III IK' ...I II. P,.- C Ut ' L ' li I
ho nrosnect nfrvpr mnLI. (T,,. I un"1 ,he ingress of Mexico, in which, accord-
,-. r .... . . w . ..,,,. , iii.iuui ic? inillltr
bo wron". But true magnanimity and ihe high-
Mr. Stephens movefl to postpone until
Monda v. and demanded the veas and navs.
l.l. -I II I 1. - . r
est honor commanu mai we snoum aunnuon ; Thft motion prevailed99 to 98.
Ihem when they threaten to be injurious in-, ft . res0lutions iVere ofTered some
s,ead of beneficial to the country. It would do of thpm were adopte(f b suspending the
It appears that i;
ed at Vera Cruz tl.
by a courierfrorn .
Charge. They w
to this port by th
which arrived hen
Though nothing i
patches, the opini
from the fact that
by a vessel of war
steameft was that
sequence. They r
elusion that seen t
ing on between
can commissionrr
It is admitted, I believe, on all hands, that they
.in v i o.iny uosiue w us, Hna ine pro
bability is will continue so.
But suppose this difficulty removed. Sup.
pose their hostility should cease, and they should
jbedome desirous ol being incorporated in our
Union. Ought we lo admit ihem ? Are the j
IMeXicans fit to be politically associated with us ? !
Arj ihey fit not only to govern themselves, but
iUirWl-Arniri.. a 4 O
einoIrif' iV,.. f.. ... . J ' u --,t,"t,iiiuS )l? .ti9.ii r i c any oi you, oena-
"n ::eM ? .v,o,ec voU, state should constitute a
b Vus f . i ' ,on' 11 " so' Ibititmust sonernherof a Union.
uributcd to the oecul l.lr rlin rinK. n I l:fart Sn. .1
trreal creuit 10 me pany in power 10 aaopt ine , c tu ?u i-
o '. r' J , ,u r . .rules. Most of them, however, lie over ;
indemnity into our hands, by assuming a de". them fer(1 f Mr Bolls was for
fensive po.i.ion, which, it can hardly be doubt- j calling upon the President for information
1 ....... 1 J llil lA a .k- i as to the nresent condition of the three
eu. Iliev wiiuiu iia.c Aiiiic n iicii lijc rtl aa ' . : 1 -
T J f ! .It T 11 w .
ing 10 her constitution, the war makinr nntvpr ! recognised, if they had foreseen the difficulties muuonjuna anomec ouerea Dy 3ir. jc- j crs. ia, one
resided, should be all OWOft lim in A 1 ci cniv tl
a noble saenhee ot individual pride to patriot- to inquire tne cost oi; releasing the rosi
ism. : Office Department frdjm the contract with
I m i- . . - mm
In asserting thai the only alternative is be- ; the liay route, and what the Uicnmoml
intention of making war on lis, and to'adjust all
differences between the (wo count riesl But, if
she refused, even then I would have aoNised to
' 1 :
"i
s
n,... ; I-iii.tr.iner oi ner
Ufed r. r ,n,,ornmentsihateverex
UorerBmrnl of lhal cl.,r,c.cr thl -v..re.i,lrt
of which Iwenlv.orlfl M.ri.
pari States, more than one-thjrd of the whole,
!WJ. be a Part the far greafer part of ihe in
ihahitants of which are pure Indians, not equal
jln ntelhgence andelevaiion of character to the
seize, by way of reprisal, the portion oif her ter- ! tween the iw.licy recommended by the Presi- I company will carry the mail for.
. . . . ! . . . . w 4 t. sv I a . ' t
niory wnicn we mignt select, and holq; it defen
sively, as I have just stated, instead of declaring
war formally againstrhcr ; and lhat m iiuly tor
the purpose if voiding the very dangers against
these resolutions are intended to guaird. But
such was the ujgency which was supposed then
to exist that noliime was allowed to present or
press these views upon the Senate. Such a
ronri l.,io5.1.. : . e i
- siuirs un; sating in un immfnse sac-
dent and the adoption of a defensive position, I Mr. Chase bflered a; resolution declaring
have pul out of the question ihe policy of la- it inexpedient to withdraw the army in
king no territory. I have done so-because;! Mexico! to a'defensivp lin. On motion
I 'belief fi the joice of the country has decided' ; 0f Mr. Stephens it was laid on the table
irrevocably against it, and that lo piess it as qq Q go 1 ' 1 ,
the alternative wonld render almost certain the!; jr. Giddjilgs ofTereil a resolution, citing
final adoption of ihe policy recommended by the he case of Q prchased jn a Con.
President, notwithstanding the disasters which - ijnrtin hL .nA .nmlnr.
it threatens. Let me say to my friend on ihe b , 1 -.. - .
iChirokees, Chocuws, or any of our Southe
flnJian tribes ?
j We make a great mistake 1 supposing all !
ipedple are capable of self coverhmem. Xnnn
jjuner that impression, miny are anxious to force i
rificeofmen and money, and avoidingkhemanv other side of the ehnmheV (Cor a ,urh I rrranl a Sekct committee ohhve to enquire into
other evils to which the course adopted ha al- them, for political differences here.U not affect j lhc cxpedi.iiicy. of abolishing 5
ready suhjected the country, would h'ajre effect
ually prevented our being entangled in the af
fairs of Mexico, from which we find tt now so
difficult lo extricate ourselves. This confide
ration alone gives it decisive advantages over
laverv in
iiivhi, Kir MniM;ti uiurciitf urre un not uiieci . . t . i
our personal relations) that they have contribu- i the D,str,ct or removing the seat of (jOV-
led by their course to fix ihe determination not ernmeni to a iree xajc.
to terminate the war without some suitable in- j Mr. G:le. moved to lay the resolution
dmnity in territory. I do not refer to your vole on the tablqncg:ativcd ; 85 to' 86.
recognising the esistencc of war between th f Much confusion prevailed in the Hall,
despatches from ?
ernment at , as:-
his powers renew
The evening .f
ment of about tv.
der Captain Crol.
Mexico, having l
cember. Mr.Tn
tin C.ttnt. Kerr
ii 1. 1 . i . j -
e's for Washing!
Louisiana Mou
.a ni x r i i ii i i i i
him packages wl :
as far as Pucb!.-i 1
same corps. "
day withCapf.lv
nel'tve have re c m
rfrom the city ol
J December, but, i
M
Ji