North Carolina Newspapers

i ; i"r'! .l:-.'- .-;-( i, 1 f w i - i - ' - -J if -pi 'V. " ' - - ' ve:. 'A' :V. ter 1 Iter r Wrni 1 thc Watchman. :" ' ! , riniioB. m.i year. Two Dollars payable in f'ft . J ; jjU if not f aid in Advance, Two dollars V?ffiyci9. will Be charge. - . 1 , TitTJ Inserted at 81 for lhe first, and 25 cts. C.ich subuemt; insertion. Court orders clnrged 2 prf ct-higher ihan these rates. ; A literal deduc- t ftiW to the Editors must be post paTuv i, . Ill QAKM Wf 1CHM , i 1 - I (' ijKEEP A 'CHECK VTOH. ALL tOVK . 'r - 'KiU-lmm THIS, A!ni:L.rBERTT IS SAFE." M EdUori Proprietors. ) j Rulers.; - . ;K J Gert HarrUon. i . 1 . j i j , . i , i, y f . i, ... .,- . zy . !- -r .i j r rn " " " NEW SERIES. VOLUME VI NUMBER 3. SALISBURY, N. C, THURSDAY, MAY 24, 1849. HARRIS. CRUMP lRE now rrrrivjniff from Yw ' f phiaia large Bnf 'f''"J'a PRING AND SUMMER ''.wh thfjf are Jrtrrtiind 10 seH as low as any house ? 0 psrt tf -Nortli Carolina, consisting of all.kinds of jfjL.nd ReritleniFiiH dress goods, of ihe latest and; nfirrlt Styles, vimci tuivr orrn ocicticu wnu botfght at tjie v rv lowest cash prices. j ' r" 'JF-W ladhs Wear. . rlnUful silk lustres; Mode Cashmeres, cofoei do., .iiin imped Uo., iloJHeiine tie issues, siik aim wurcu l'Lre-.-ChnitAlpacjas,:rrk and.col'd Merinos, plaid V?nffkam. French do1., Shawls, Gloves, Ribbons, fine UUilt" ' . r i.rr t iri..-. llsr, liifien uainaric iianu us, uonnei sin, vrieis, lnneti ad Hosiery.; '..! V J 'or Of riflemen $ Wegr. nijiti tr-ibrh blul 'KrtlVwh Cloths.' French Caasiriieres, f d(I.,fi'icy " !'wm' Tweed, Kentucky Janes,; Ker llfV fig-'dnatin Vrfvtinji.rut velvet ' do., pluin satin do., H wbrsrrddo. Also, brown and bleach'd Drills Do mestici.NVhiUH'yUlai'kets, - . ';,. llati V vans uoom etc uocv - ;" hrsitlef a general stock of ; v Tlariiware and Cutlrr j Crorcries, Crockery, if. ri"ryibiii( U buy -goodn. We respectfully invite fcbTTci1fi'uli'l ly any. j 1 JWeodJroe.Rowjinco.,OcirQf), 1849. Iy25 ,785 a - . ' r I'. : ' ' V-f: TEAS. PACKAGES 9 FKCSH TEAS. iew Spring ipumine Goods for IS 19 1 i .fffl'HU sub(crib-rs have tecrived and opened deided JLiy 'lh bwt,cbeapeti,and in'osi desirable stock. of FncK, English and American Fancy and Staple Dry Cioods, tht !) ever been exhibited in the State. Also, Fana- n, Leghorn, Tampico, California , and fine fashionable irk ind beaverilluts, French Lace, Pamelo, Leghorn and Enatinh rock chip Bonnets, iJoots, Kid Slippers and Goat iWi, carriage and saddlers Trimmings, smith and Car pobtrra I ovis, lis rjl ware and cutlery, white lead, linseed, tperVn arid lannfrs oil, coach and cnpel varnish, 8 by 10 ind 1U hy I'i glass, f'ttle and Uisting powder, liticksili r, liiiiiiu Hope, ; ittle, harness, and. upper Lenlher, fine French and Phil defplua ciit skina, Uog and lining do., traveHiilg trunks ind carpet bags, Two Kf'j;4 1'rintiirN Ink$ ill wopl and wool and cotton carpeting, 3& hour and 8 lif (locks, (warranted. good) and cheap; Screen: ire anil Bolting Cloths, all Nos. double and single phot guns, corn and grass scythes, cast steel ho-, tin plate, jn:wken?I no. 1 , y and J., brown, re fined hj loaf sugariltia and Java Coflee-," gunpowder iniUiyson feds, yyrup, jNew Orlennsand Cuba molasses, (tmm crop) orchard jrass and clover seed, horse slioe and and iweed irtt iiailtii a very large stock of rolled and himniered iroir aiid.'astings, ca.it steel, hoop and sheet iron,,a.J 'thuosands 'iif )ther articles. Their stock is full and cohpleie, and stiles niot In-autiful and neat. ' The alioje gfiods were bought for cash in ISew York irtd Philadelphia, previous to the advanced' prices, and ire nbw,o(le're'd4tt ' wlnlesate and retail for cash, lower than they hnvc ever; peeri sold in alisbury. All cash ifler, country nnjri.jhantH. peddlers, economist, fasliion ab(e youiv ;ftitleniiiii, and the ladies pnrticularly, are WpeclAiTly Invited it call and exaiftine their large and tylenJid stock, . as tlity leel ontidenl the goods and pri ces will give -sulifilacl ion to nil ss l otir b'is - , r- ;:. i i , i i iV .iJ' ' i ( : 401 KINS d: IIOBKRTS. isburih April 5, 1649 848 j N. AH r'f rsoi! indebted to live late Wty Hiles, and J.jH: Jfnkins fc Co. b firms of Jen by note r book tfcpujlt, are retpiesttjd to pay the same, on or before vtn lunnstJL.onrt.rm longer tniiuigence cannot oe given.. April 5J lHJ,ai - 'J, II. JKNKINS. IRE FEAR STEAMBOAT COMPANY OF FAYETTEVILLE. From the N. O. Picayune, May 8. INTERESTING FROM CALIFORNIA., : ! " . i I I' THE GOLD LECjEXDS FjtJLLY CONFIRMED. The Detention ofi the California and Desertion of her Crew, 4c. Sfc. 1 By the arrival Of the snip Tyrone from V$. ra Cruz, we have; authentic accounts frdm Sah Francisco fo the th of March. The annexed letters were brought down from San Francis co to Mazatlan Mr. Parrott, who latejy went to California as beater of despatches, i It will be seen that the steam ship California has been entirely deserted by her brew, which accounts for her n on. arrival at Panama. S Pan Fbaxcisgo, March 2. I have the pleasure tof advise our safe arri val at this place bn the 27th ult., after a tedi ous passage of twenty eihtdays from Panama. We were detained nearly a week at Monterey, about ninety miles below this, in consequence of beinif short of fuel ; after taking on board twenty cords wood, we arrived here with about two hours' supplyj of fueljon hand. I have been on shore! but a short time, and am heartily surprised .with every thing that I see. Speculation of alK kinds is rife and ex ceeds anything I ever witnessed in Mississippi in the palmy days of '3$ and '7. Tovji'n lots 'are hld at the j most Exorbitant prices, and every lot-holder is wort h from fifty to two hun dred and fifty thousand dollars. I have Jfet had ho means of ascertaining the state off affairs generally, but cannot bqt believe that there is an unnatural and fictitious value placed on eve ry thing, which will soori be corrected.! Mer- cbandise and labor are extraordinary high. In relation to the mines, there is unquestion ably an abundant supply of sold, and itls con tinually discovered in ntew places. The gold region is now believed (o extend dowries low as Lower California. There are two or thrpe firms who -xxfernopo" lize the business, of the! place, whose original employment was selling their goods by retail to the natives, and taking their pay irfftallow and hidea the former (shipped to the United States, and the latter to yalparaiso. Siiice the fever broke out they have used their money-4h speculation and : buying goods from fesseUi which arrive in abundance, from Mexico, Chi li, Pejru, the SanrJwich Islands, &c. I . The steamerwill be detained heTe a month J sinrl nprban air kveeksi for A stinnlv ofimld. : - r 1 rr-j --.p-j a There are not: houses enough to contain us I in the town, and I shall camp out in thej neigh borhood with some friend who came orj in the steamer. Some; few buildings are going up, but very few, as; carpebter's wages are eight to ten dollars per day. ! The rainy seaon, ac companied with cold damp weather, , Will con tinue some weeks. This has been the sever, est winter, however, for years in this country. The rains have been heavy and the communi cation with sorrje parts of jhe moneyf region cut off. It will yet be a month before; parties can leave this place jn safety, owing to the snow and mud. j , I have some doubts whether the present town of San Francisco; will continue td be the place of business. Itjis situated a few miles from the entrance of tlic harbor on the' side of a hilU but the great objection to it, as' a place of busness, is tht vessels connot approach'Un der a quarter to a halfla mile of the city, owing to a flat which makes bfT directly in front of it. Vessels are consequently obliged to he light ened and the gopds are again to be shipped dp the bay into the inttjrier. There are other sites i up the bay morie suitable, and X should not be surprised to see an attempt made to change the port. Atj present town jots are worth in San ianc(sco y 85,000 to $20,000 eachi .11 ! I LECTURE OS A. NO WILMINGTON, ARE Rl'NMNO StcamriGovJG'JtAHAM, (20 inch draft) If Toicllioatl iVIKE lillOWN, i " I TJjLKGRA ', II1 M I iGKK. TAYLOR, - FI1IK above Hcjit! rin regularly between .Fayette i!le aiul Wiliiiincton at the late reduced rates' o s5ht, and ar,e as Well prepf red. for the speedy iid safe tnnportaiio'n'of (ood op and down aa any line on tbe Thankfj for tbe last year's business we solicit a con tinuance ar(d Jnvrease for ihe future. All goods con JfineJ u J. A, McGary, Wilmington, N.iC, will j forwarded f e )f euhuniioiK i All produce frorii.thci country sent to W. L. 'McGa 7. rayetteville, will bt shipped to where desire j free of tommiwioi,! - In al) cases we give the earliest informa in of the arrival itnd departure of goods. i Comnttinkiatiqhs'addressed to J. W. L. McGary, Wilmington, and W. U. McGary.Fayetteville.Willmeet With-attentUn. ! ! .f W. L. McG Ali Y, A'Wnt. Jan, 20 l4D ; ; I "lji39 The undemiitoed havinir rAnmioiliniia Warp llon.V 11 lf RiT!Mjjhosila been long engaged in he for-' iardh.j-iiew4w.iU receive and forward all goodssent lotus BdiiroM at the u?wal commission. ' Jan, 1849 W. L. McG.iRY. COME AND 4- BUY BARGAINS FACTORY. TIIrVttfvdersigTied having formed a co-pfft1orship in ,0 theabove business, respectfully invite public atten Wtttthefr Kstablishriient, and to their supply of superb- ! Carriage Barouches, Rockaways, : -Bugles, &c, Sit., i W tot JigbtnesB1, beauty of design, manner of execu- ""d excellence o( material, cannot be surpassed by flihlhesputherricpuniry. T7 nave in thieir employ a. large number ot excellent wdrifn.H4 mi i ! i . i i i t . . t i new oiacMinuns, wooa-worMiiepi, irim- 7"-.ai)d ;painters, are all men of eiperienoe, and have, equal aa to skill in their several departments. ttp?irinl done on very short notice. Work done . P fur cash or approved notes ; or country produce ta- ! Sa IFrancisco, Marich 7. I wrote you a: few days since on ourfarrivaL So far as one can learn, the gold stories are all true. The consequence is that laboiy rents, provisions, &c.,.are esnormously highJl Town property for cash is beyond any thing ever heard of in a new country, , Carpenter's wa ges epight to ten; dollars per day. The steam er California isjdeserted by-every souj except the captain and chief mate, and there is rto probability of her leaving under two far three months. This jis spculatiorl on my jpart, fur there ia no saying when she will get either fu el or a crew, i I -v.! Fifty to one hundreid dollars per dayis noth- ing jxtraordinary Cr miners' to jnake. There is hoiwevcr, some danger from Indians jand our ownj countryme.n, prowling about the ponntry, committing murder and theft. Goldfis very abundant and goods; extravagantly high, and an ifnmense population coming forward who all resort to tn minds, and return merely to jhroiv away the proceeds of their lahor. In fact.-fl can hardly give you arv idea of he stable of the country, j, Thofce who have beep here a year; with common industry and prudepce, are worth from twehty to two hundred thousand dol lars.! T have niot been able to procure boaM in the place, and in company with Mr Frazer and lyoung Ducros, have pitched our tent a quar ter of a mile ftiom town. Wages of lervarits 8150 to 8200 per month, and in the course of two or three weeks, when it will be seasonable weather to go o the; mines, none will be bad at any price. jVou may judge what a state of things exist when, cfcjmmon laborers ckn go to the mines and return in a month or sfx weeks with from one to three thousand dollar in gold. Il is yet too early for the mass to start to the mines, the weitberjhaving been verjf inclem- THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH, Delivered before the Young Men's Mer cantile Library Association, of Cincin nati, Ohio; January 16, 184Dv'- , BY ELLWOOD FISHER, j . The progress and prospects of the Nor the rn and Southern sections of this Union involve some of the greatest and gravest questions of the age. Each has a form of civilization peculiar to itself kind to modem times. ; The Confederacy which has been formed by their union Has as tonished the world by its success5 bat trie world, as well as the two sections them selves, differ very widely as to the causes of this success, and the agency of; the two respective systemsof society in producing . i ' a This controversy has long been advanc ing on i the country, and now, irt;conse quence of recent events, it has become general. In this part of the country, how ever, we have had but one side ; and as the subject is one of the, first magnitude, I have thought it highly important that it should be welt examined. In a Qommer fsiar Institution like this, it is peculiarly proper that the causes of the wealth and the sources of the commerce of the coun try should be well understood. . ; I When the Constitution of the United States was adopted, the population! of the two sections of the United States was nearly equaleach being not quite two millions of inhabitants, the South includ ing more than half a million of slaves. The territory then occupied by the two, Was perhaps, also nearly equal. in extent and fertility Their commerce was also about the same ; the North exporting a bout 89.800,540 in 1790, and the! South 89,200,500. Even the property held by the two sections was almost exactly the same in amount, being about 400,000 mil lions in value each, according to "an as sessment for direct taxes in 1799. For the first quarter of a century of the pre sent government, up to 1816, the South fook the. lead of the North in commerce -as at the end of that period the exports of the Southern States amounted to about thirty millions of dollars, which )vas five million more than the Northern. HAt this time, in 1816, South Carolina and New York were the two greatest j exporting States of the Union, South Carolina ex horting more than 810,000,000, and New York over 814,000.000. According to the assessments made by authority of the Federal government in 1815 for direct taxes, the value of proper ty in the Southern States had irisen to 8859,574,697, the white population being jlhen according to) an average of the cen sus of 1810, and that of lS20i about 2.749,795, or about 83J2, per heatt, whilst the property; of the Northern States a mounted to 81,042,782.204 for 4,326,550 population, or only 8240 per heacj. j Even in Manufactures, the South at this period, excelled the North in proportion to the numbers of their population. In 1810, -.according to the returns of the Marshals of the United States, the fabrics of wool, cotton, and linen manufactured in the jNorthern States, amounted to 40,344,074, yards, valuer) at 821.061,525, wjvilsthe South fabricated 34.786,497 yards, esti mated at 815,771,724. Thus after the .lapse of the first quarter of a century un der our present form of government, the iSouth had surpassed the North in Com merce, in Manufactures and in the accu mulation of wealth, in proportion: to the number of citizens of the respective sec tions. ' K . large d e posit es of government money, and enabled by the confidence of the govern ment to maintain a large circulation, which would naturally be devoted rto the promo tion of Northern commerce, it was thought was also adverse to Southern commercial rivalry. These two measures were the work of a Republican Administration of the government, but they were strenuous ly opposed by the States Right party. On their passage in Congress, it was declared by John Randolph one of the most pro perty was assessed at 8202.272,650. Massachusetts in r840 had a population of 737,699, and her property now is only 8300,000,000. Taking these two assess ments as the basis of comparison, and it appears that the is sometimes objected to, but I think wither out reason. - The question is, which is the most profitable investment of capital in' land and slaves, aV.is usuaMn slaveTiold ing States or irrland alone, or cdmrherco ! and manufactures, as -in the Northern, States? And this question is almost uni-l versally decided in favor of the latter. In the South, according to its laws, the slave is as available to his owner for the ptxr-i poses of property, as any other property.i The North has held, however, that this peculiar species of property, instead off oeing profitable to the owner, has been impoverishing and ruinous. And in con-f tradiction to this. 1 haw shown thatjn; every community where it exists, there wealth abounds to a far greater extent . than in the Stat, s from which it is exclu-i ded, Whatever may be their climate, soil or territory. But even if the-assessed value of all the slaves in Kentucky, Vif -1 . averasre nronertv of a free person in Maryland was 8531. whilst in Massachusetts it is now in the palmiest 1 Simft. and Maryland, were left out of the J t 1 J I 1.. I . .. C 11 . 1-1 iouna ana sagacious statesman V irginia or any other country ever produced, that a revolution in our government had oc curred, whose consequences no man could calculate. The result verified this pre diction. Our population is now twenty millions, and yet it is thought by all par ties, that twenty five millions of dollars per annum is enough for the support of government in time of peace. Yet six teen years ago, when our population was but little more than half of what it is now, this government exacted 832,000,000 as duties on our foreign imports, and that too, when in consequence of this heavy burthen on our foreign trade, we only im ported 64,000,000. The government took half the value of the imports as a tax on foreign trade. This outrage was the cause of South Carolina nullification. Now the power of the Federal'govern ment over foreign commerce is by the Constitution precisely the same as over that among'the States. It is a power to regulate only. And the South contended that inasmuch as the imports from abroad were the proceeds chiefly of her staple exports, and were therefore to all intents and purposes the product of her industry and capital, that there was no more con stitutional right to tax them on arriving in bur ports, than to tax the products of the -North when shipped to the South. When, therefore, the statesmen of the South reflect on the great commercial and manufacturing prosperity of their country in the days of direct taxation, and behold now her dilapidated cities and deserted harbors, under the change of system, is it wonderful that they have made the halls of Congress eloquent with the ruin and wrong they have suffered ? Or is it won derful that the North, whilst it cannot be lieve that what has been so conducive to its own prosperity should be detrimental to others, shquld not take the South at its word as to its decline, and seek for other causes of such a result? This has been days she has ever seen, only 8406 per head the freemen of Maryland being about 25 per cent the richer. The Statcs.of. New York and Virgin ia are both of great territorial extent, nnu uui materially unequal in tnat re spect. New York is also regarded, ha bitually, as one of the grandest products of free institutions and the present con dition of Virginia is continually referred to as a striking and melancholy result of slavery. Her poverty, her ignorance, her decay, and her misery, are the threadbare topics of modern political philosophy here and abroad. Let us now consider the facts. Her free population in 1840, ac cording to the census, was 790.810. and her property is now about 8600,000,000.-j-The population of New York in 1840 was 2,428,921, and in 1847 her property is as sessed at 8032,699,993. The average property of a free person in Virginia is 55os ; in IMew l ork it is only 8260, or a little more than one-third. Virginia instead of being poor and in need of the pity of the much poorer pop ulation of the North, is perhaps the rich est community in the vvoHd. The aver age wealth of the people of Great Britain may be about the same, but it is not near so productive, and I think it demonstrable that no people on earth live in a condition of greater comfort and enjoyment than those of Virginia. Nor is there any rea son to fear a decline in her wealth. Ac cording to the census returns of 1840, Vir ginia with a free population of less than one third of that of New York, and a capital something less, produced from the various branches of her industry, more than half the product of New York; and as the total population of Virginia, slave and free, is only about half of that of New York, it is clear that after deducting the annual consumption of both, Virginia will have a larger proportional surplus remaining to augment the stock of her permanent property. If now we examine the relative condi tion ot the new States, the same results ! are apparent. The States of Kentucky and Uhio fie side by side, and are of simi done, and negro slavery has with extra- : lar climate, fertility, and extent, the pro ordinarg unanimity been fixed upon as the great and efficient cause of Southern decline. And it is now assumed that the South, particularly the- older States, is underging the process of impoverishment, depopulation and decay. At the North she is continually spoken of, by almost all classess, in terms of mingled condemna tion and pity. She is accused of idleness, ignorance, cruelty and pride. She is ad vised to emancipate her slaves, and emu late North in enterprise, industry and ci vilization. The first object of civilized life is to ac cumulate wealth, as on that depends im provement in science and the arts, and the schedule of their property, the white peo ple oi tnosc states would still remain, wealthier, on an average, than those of Ohio, New York, and Massachusetts. By others, again, it is contended, that in estimating the average wealth of indi viduals in a community, the slaves ought to be included as persons and left out as property. This, I think is also an error, for the reason before stated. Where it is contended that the White man ought toT abandon slave property because it makes him poor, or prevents him from getting rich, it is absurd to assert that he not only . has no property in his slave, but thatjother property belongs equally to him. But if for any other purpose or view'of political economy, the slave befncluded ; with the freeman in averaging the property of a Stale, it will even then appear that in the States I have considered, the Southern are still wealthier than the Northern, count ing the slaves as persons and deducting them from the properly. So that in no aspect of the question whatever, is there any foundation in fact for the popular de lusion that the Southern States, or any of them are either now or hereafter, or like ly to be hereafter, inferior to .their North ern neighbors in wealth, but'he reverse. The triumph of Southern enterprise and capital in the accumulation of wealth be ing established as a fact, demands of us an investigation of its causes and this, I think, will materially elucidate the char acter of modern civilization, and particu larly that which has been developed in the United Stales. The original methods of acquiring wealth adopted by men on their organi zation into communities, was by conquest or commerce. Hence the almost exclu-", sively military characterof onegreat class of the ancient states ; which resulted in the universal empire successively of the Assyrian, Persian. Greek and Roman go vernments ; and if .ice the rise Tyre and Carthage. Hence, also, in the middle ages, the empire of Charlemagne, and the long protracted efforts of France to con quer England, and England to conquer France and the wealth of Venice, Ge noa, and Holland. Af a later period, when the arts had made more progress, min'.lHoturcs were included in thc means of creating wealth. The policy of Eng land has combined the th r . conquest. rr--ii portion oi ricn tanu neing, however, less in Kentucky. Their age is also nearly the same, Kentucky having beenadmit ted as a State about eleven venrs hpfom Ohio. Ohio is considered the most nros- i commerce and manufacture, and by these itinn nas succeeded in tbe'eonstructton ot perous State in the West, and is continu ally contrasted with Kentucky for the purpose of illustrating the blighting ef fects ol slavery on the latter. Let us see with what reason. In 1840, Kentucky had a free popula tion of 597,570, and her property amounts, according to her tax assessment of 1848, to about 272,847,096. Ohio, in 18 10, had a population of 1,819.467, and her assess ment last year was 421,067,991. The in that state. And hence it is that the South is declar ed to be falling behind the civilization of the age, and is advised to abandon her peculiar institution in order to avoid the disastrous condition of ignorance and bar barism that awaits her. Now inian age like this, of pre eminent intelligence, with the schoolmasters all abroad, with the universal diffusion of the press and the post, and on a question like this, of the first magnitude and the least -'! i ...u:i,. . I. 1 ..r V. Since that period, a great change has 1 c-"PJ. - .fmc - occurred. The harbors of Norfolk, of lvvo v'um"1 ,J Richmond, of Charleston and Savannah have been deserted for those of Jhiladel- mongst each other, and engaged in dis cussions with one another in stages and a hj. Lv-..4j- . wm-s k-k V. tln -k lltM ctn rvs av phia.New York and Boston ;! and New ; 1 lu"ai5' '"- - F tends to rival l The grass is supply of the multiplied wants of society , average value of property belonging to eacn iree person, in rveniucKy, is $400 in Ohio it is only 8276, or more than one third less; and as the population of Ohio is now still greater in proportion to that of Kentucky than in 1840, the difference in favor of the latter is still more. Nothing is more common than the opin ion that the price of land in Kentucky is, in consequence of slavery, much lower than in Ohio. I have examined the Aud itors" reports of both States, which pre sent in detail the valuation of all their lands. In Kentucky, the average value is about seven dollars per acre ; in Ohio it is about eleven, and I am very confi dent the quality of Ohio land is to that 1 extent superior as in Kentucky there is a large mountain region lor which Ohio 1 has nothing equivalent. Thus, then, it is manifest that the free people of the slave only Southern city that pre- ; , . & , . i i . ,u its Northern competitors.-.! lrhat a universal mistake prevails as to the growing in the streets of j ct in opposition to the existing . u i w.t ,v, , no ainsr states ot tn se -Mates winch are . . . . - i . - (minimi iiii Liir: sun i iiiniu a i mat iuc j hose cities pi he South which or.g.nai- r - North j uniformly regarded as the victims of pov ,nchabge. isory,:Ffb,i8, 1843. Overman, brown & co. Slflfv ly40 T Yin nrl Tnllnw f nndles. J ,. .... M v "- w - a MJm m Mm -b. large supply of fine TalloW CAN . ULiU.i Aluio, an excellent article of Sicily Ma g.f ot-Vhhe Ctjokihg WINK.maiiufaciuredlforcook- l'lHirfrOct.i12i1848. j 23 k -. ..... . j Mr111? A'l1 aiid 'IaMiiIc (ilovcs, euibory, Dec, 2i; 1818. 133 ent. Gold ia selling at 814 per ounceput is ta-kt-n in trade at 816J It is worth in yalparai so 818, and nett in the States 817, all expenses P-.W- v J 1 1 I Boston Notion. A Boston journal urg es the sheriff" to d minister chloroform' to Gpode on the day of his execution: in that city for murder, in order to alleviate his sufferings, and mAke hanging a 'pleasure to him. The refined tenderness of the age will next suggest lhat the urdefer will admim'sjter chloroform tb hlf victjim before he cujts his throat for his money. and maintained their ascendancy in the earlier years of the Union. Manufactures and the arts; have also gone to take up their abodei in the North, pities have been expanded and multiplied in the same favored region. Railroads and;! canals have been constructed, and'Education has delighted there to build her colleges and Iseminaries. ; :r ; ! These phenomena have made; a pro-; found impression on reflecting;! minds throughout the Union, and particularly in the South. By her leading statesmen, ; these results have been ascribed to the ! policy pursued by the Federal govern ment since 1816. It was at this .period i that the system of direct taxation was fi. ! nally abandoned, and the vhole! interest ' of the'public debt, then so much augment- ed by the war, as well as the increased ex penditures of the government, were made chargeable on the foreign commerce of the country; except the slight income from the public lands. And as at the close of the war, the principle articles of export, in exchange for which we obtained our foreign goocls, consisted of Cotton, Tobac co and Rice, it was held that theuew po licy was a peculiar burthen on the Spates that produced those staples. - In addition to this, the! establishment of a Bank of the in wealth in proportion to the number of e' ana ru,n. are a ricner, mucn ricner, their citizens respectively; and this will , an those of the nonslaveholdmg States a . t appear by a comparison oi the progress 1 of the white, people of the respective sec- i tions. Tbe North, and even many in the j South, have assumed a decline in manu- I ! tures and commerce, to be a decline of general prosperity. This is an error. j i The policy of the Federal government, I ! and the domestic institutions of the Sou- tliern States, have indeed been unfavora- ! ble to the latter in those pursuits, but the ! which have been usually considered as the most flourishing members of this con federacy, and the most prosperous com munities the world ever saw. Such at least is thc testimony of official documents by the poets for its innocence. an empire which, for extent of territory and wealth, has never ! tll a pirallel. The policy of England has been dictated by her insular position. This rendered it necessary for her !o acquire the empire) of the sea, to !. secure from invasion by great continental powers, and with the dominion of the sea, it was easy to estab lish a great colonial empire. The growth of such a great power in commerce, was the strongest possible stimulus to progress in the arts and manufacture ; hence her success in them. But an extraordinary development of commerce and manufac tures has always resulted in the concen tration of large masses of people in cities, which causes inequality of condition, great depravity of morals, great increase of want, and crime ; consequences that are fatal in the first place to liberty, in gov ernments, and finally to independence in nations. This tendency has been so ob vious and universal among the great States of all ages, as to have caused the belief that communities, like individuals, contain within themselves the seeds of dissolution, which must ultimately bring them to the , dust. i But whether we consider a State, as a , moral being, whose essence consists in the principles on which it is constructed, and 1 therelore not. necessarily mortal, or whe ther we regard xt as a mere creature of the race or persons that founded or inhab- ; it it, and therefore transient, there can be , no doubt that its prosperity is seriously i impaired by the evils referred to, that gen ; erally attend the progress of civilization. ! ti i t:r.. i i i ' it . 'i Ituri me tins niwup uccn ccicuraxeu on the subject the highest authority that exists, tor I have taken nearly all these statements of the property of the several ; States alluded to, from the assessments ; made by public officers for the collection , of taxes. Of the accuracy of the valua- ! ncrririiltnrp rf th Smith bas maintained and advanced its prosperity beyond that ! lions il is of ,co,urse impossible to speak of any other people. S ! om Portal knowledge ;-but those of f r I - .u vr r Ohio and Kentucky are, according to my Let us first examine the condition of ; ... e A '.- . .tT. , , . i . ODUOriuiiiiirs ui oiiscr v iiuun, n.3 ncni i, .1 f 1 I h tBf- f.Tn( 1 '''" i I if win r ui iiiiii. ui L ill. L . i , ri.i iini.i. I ...w ... r - i The State of Massachusetts forinstance, is generally regarded as one of the most successful and flourishing' of the North : and is constantly referred to by the news papers as a model for all the others, and very frequently as a taunt to the South ern. If, however, we compare this favor ite of the North with Maryland, a South ern State of similar territorial extent and one of the least of the Southern States, we shall find the latter to be decidedly superior in wealth in proportion to tbe number of her citizens. Recording to the census of 1840, Maryland had a free pop United States, located at the North, with ulation of 380,282, ahd h 1847 her pro- j of 5 per cent in every item of taxation last year. God mad: the country and man made thc to-vn;" But it is a kind ot hie that has seldom been thought favorable to the accumula tion of wealth the firstwant of civili zation. It is also usually associated with rudeness of manners. Hence the votaries of fortune and society have preferred the ... I : r .i ...UiL. Cliy, uuu il to inese c auu iun asi wm- t titu()e who seek the immediate gratffica i lion of their appetites and passions, which ! cities afford, at the haznrd of future wahr, we have a clear solution of the undue ! tendency to city at the expense of country life. This great evjl. sufficient r itself to cast a stigma on civilization and even I ultimately to destroy" if, was fur the first t timft successfully encountered and eon- The property of Mastachuaettai. atated accordinjr j uerpJ fry ,he institutions of the South ; to recent tiiimatea in her paper. That of irg.uia va M - r r computed at the amount a,sumod hi 1 83 1 Pn ' and in the great -Tient Virginia Dew. I have seen no official staUment. Hut if b1. I JeJ jhe Way. Amongst 'he early Wfllte taxes uuicr proprny as uigu as urSMr, w - getllerS Ot Ntre rn7iny-l luo IJTlflH-SS j Cavali . Wj cirivrn into rxllc 00U,000, and taxes her other property, real andpewon- hy the triumph Of HlC hOUndheadS ana Ol. al, S354.454, exclusTe of merchant' atock, and the f-romwe. The Cavaliers were of the liovemor-. mesmijre aie u.a, - , nariv in line and. the cities ana . w . . I W correct as need be desired. And as to the other States, the chances of error are per haps as great on one side as on thc other. In the slave-holding States, slaves are of course included in the property. This merican Almanac i A o