North Carolina Newspapers

VOL. X.-NliW SERIES. V. SALISBURY, N. C MAY 18, 1854. NUMBER LII f "J. "J. BRUNER, -. -. editor asd MtoririrroB. TKH3IS J Tw bullr ysar, YA sntsia three month ftc daM of subscript loa twd4lar snd My ete if Mil Uid bslur th npiratiaa of th year, "' tr sfl.i Mm ysar stpired. No paper diacontie- d .Wit at) ttMlM "f" ..snf In editor . Letter to lb. Editor asus !. " ttsataav ! --;" : ' " ' .'.'j' titti kkiu tlitir'W,,,,""" --.a I k; a i it a a "s ",Mi T g - ITS? mtkikft ' AfM lo-to. ' M.npi T 1 tiam . Aa mdnnimtmt 1 itio 11 or It MMMt uuf- 4 i muPiMM to l mmn t Mtkint Si. or St V khwnd m ptoMtrlMa loSoin. AS (IfmcUuo. of if. ,! to t r dwrfM ta fcupuruua 10 m. , WBttl I I VK1HHI pin UcmaiiMial RHnh wtlaMit ULOHK gnuud to Umm. b (dmrtiM trfuluiy Ihruujh th. I kn. auHaia mmmwi moow.i n "inc.. Ooit OMera clumit Si M Oral hirh'f thu tlx I W Uaw JiiJlf kWid I I0 wo. .T..v "-J . , I rr rVnnoo odiM hi dwrtionw. rrirt- I -4 to Mol. Um mot of ioorninm rrooiivd i ud if I t'rts fcW i.t i-swoitT-i.oi Cr P""- vtM. om to. koet tlw owd tUm. intwrwo Ilk wilt Wjpi I JVJmJ!lfmetf , Cy Ko dinoont w ACRIClTOit Tat lb Wtlrbono. , Ertrtvttfrom Lucbio's Agricultural Che- ' mirtiy. The object of agriculture is to produce either articles of commerce, or food for man and ismmalsf Jbut j..maximum"?of produce in plants is always in proportion. to Itha quawtitv lutw,turi,,ic(1 10 them ia,thfiwtiU.gpt lla.iutriiiient.yn plaJUto,coifc of carbonic acid, contained in the toil in tlieforrif of humuV tvSe,"''e '"''' and nitrogen fn the lonn of ammonia, both of which must be supplied to fhelttnU if the desired purpose is to be aconiiplisli- leAlW formation-of -ammonta-cannot be effected on cultivated land, but humus mar; be artificially produced ; and this must be considered an Important object! in the alternation of crops, and as the: The sowing of a field with fallow plant, uch as clover, rye, buckwheat, kc, and the. incorporation of plants, when nearly it blossom with die soil, affect this sup ply of humus in so far that young plants ubscquontly growing m it find, at awnr- tain period of their growth, a maximum of nutriment, that is, matter in the pro cess of decty. We can scarcely suppose a better means of producing humus than by the growth pf plants, the kaves of which are. food fur animals S for they prepare the soil for BknJtiBJi dmjvrcscnce of hlimus is theTmost cssen t ialiflnili tion s4 gr4lluJiej;caatt why this Interchange of crops is so advanta geousthe principles which regulate this part of sericulture are therefore, the arti- mciir production of tiiimns, rand the cnlth vation of differeut kmds. of .plants on the Lame field, in such an order of succession, that each shall extract from the soil only certain components, whilst it leaves behind or restores whose which a se cond or third species of plant may require Dor its growth and twrfoct development Kow, although the' quantity pf humus n a soil may be increased to a certain de- Bertie by an artificial cultivation, still in pite of this, there cannot be the smallest loubt that a soil must gradually lose Dhose of itsttoustitutents which are remov Id in the seeds, roots and leaves of plants raised upon it . , The fertility of a soil cannot remain on m,lMul h " 1 .... hm WMiln'nA in if nit tliioA nbsunce. of whieh It has thu. been def -rived now this is effected, ny manure. V high degree of culture requires an in I'jeased MppIyvfiniRi'W'c 3 'i S 1 RJ - . 1 i mm M M A Li 1 g -3 til:, 5 II :r- wo , corn and cattle jtelll augment, but must diminish wiUi ili deficiency. And where a manure U required to yield nitrogen to the soil, the greatest value should be at tached to the liquid excrements of men and 'niiitIsV'rn,neu tfts cohitiaered that with every pound of ammonia, which evaporates a loss of 60 pouda of corn h sustaincfli and that with everr pound of lunue a pound of wheat uiiglit be produc ed, the indifference with which these li quid excrements are regarded is incom prehensible. . .If we strew the floors fcf our stables from time to time witlfgypsum (jJunter of Fans) the will lose all their offensive smell, and none of the ammonia which form, can be lost, but retained in a ser viceable form fur manure. - Fiuoi Oj NurtWrn Cultiftur. " TOBACCO CULTURE IX THE NOR THERN STATES. . Htsssaa. Ewtob8. During the last few yeara the weevil or wheat nn'dire. ICecv- uvrnyui tnitca,) uas acstroyed a large portion of the wheat crop in many parts of the wheat-growing district in western New-tork. heat has Lceri our great staple, but the midge annually spreads more and more, uulil finally th whole wheat district will prdbably be more or less infected by this'iiest. The wheat crop in Yates county, is at least one-third below an average yield. If we cannot make money raising wlreat, jtcrliaps oth er tltliiga Eiay be growin7'eaW if not .. n. -t I . ". I more profitable. Among these we Tank tobacco, which, if rightly cultivated, will yield large profits.. According ta the census report of 1850, there were produc- ed that year in tlic UnltuJ,' lia,JiJ,76 His. of totacco, of which tiliire ttiiiii one half was rainl by Virginia and Kentucky. Ohio l.roduccd 10.454.41'J His r Connec- ticut, 1.2C7, 644 ; Massachusetts, 108,340: Kmrisylvania, 912,051 ; Illinois, 841,394 ; Indiana, 1,H4,6'(; N. York, 83,189 fba. Ohio produces more than all the other fre 'stales. Connecticut has long grown toliacco. Accordfng to Ih-S HV W snow, in tlieCul flvator of 1844, about 500 tuns are grown amnnally in the valley' of tfie Coiinecti cnt, of which the town of Kaot Windsor produces 300 tons. Mr. Watson states that the yield of 1843 was less than usu al,: 1,500 lbs. being alioutthe average per acre. They cultivate two varieties of the weedr tltchroad and narrow leaf. The Mnlr'ibmitlirarwleett the '"''earnests arly atlupted to theproduction of a su- jcrior article, one pound in market being worth nearly as much as two pounds of Virginia or Kentucky tobacco. This va riety is known as the " Connecticut Seed Leaf." In the All any .Cultivator ofl847 are some remarks or tlio editor on the cultivation of tobacco in the valley of the Connecticut river. He says "Tq iva pr(M4)ecrijMlivrVj ftiirespret' ty rich laud though the sandy soils manured at njie rate of ten or twenty common two-horse or ox loads of manure per acre, produce well. With good management the tisual yield is from 1,500 to 2,000 lbs. per acre of marketable to bacco, and an average return of (100 to (1C0 per acre. With the course that is there pursued, tobacco is by no means au injurious crop to the soil, on the con trary it is found to be an ameliorating one. . the (ilMjralmaiiurttiff and clean cul tivation necessary to bestow on the to- ...... -.r.W,.r-.lW.f. imeco, lit the soil admirably crops ; ttiia it is lound that wnoat amr otJifit graiiiaauiL grass- JuiriiilibeUftr where tobacco forms a jartSf the rota tion. Messrs. Lathrop mentioned an in stance of their having put $U6 worth of man tire "on an acre aiid imtflnidredroTlgiif; land w hich they planted with tobacco. They got a ton of tobacco which they sold tor IfloU. ihey sowed mo sam land to wheat got 30 bushels. 1 ho next crop was hayT and gave at two cutting four tons. The stalks of tobacco. 'after the leave have lieen taken 'ft,-ym scat tered over the ground am! plowed in, or placed in the manure heap tjrot. It is known that their ashes coiitain a large proportio.il of potash. AV'e are told hat where two or three stalks are left on grass ground their effect is very visible in tho rank growth of the grass around." The following estimate of the cost of rB,8,n pne ,obam; ' f1 N-w-York Farmer and Mechamc.- It is estimated from several acres which avefagod one longer acre, which was' gold 15 00 15 00 . 8 00 . 1 .00 8 SO Setting plants, ' " " ' 3 00 llwing four times, . r 5 00 "2 00 i 00 4 00 5 00 4 00 80 Killing worms, Topping, Ac, Cutting and hanging up to dry, Stripping from .talk and packing, Rent of- shed to dry in, Freighting to Warehouse Point, , t07 so DmIucI $670 from 160, Wares 92!0 profit Mr.jrELso Tiiomwox, the President of the Yates Co. Ag. Socfety, has cnlti vated tobacco during the last two years. The last year he had planted between 13 and 14 acre, of which he estimates the average yield between. 1,800 and '2,000 lbs. per acre. His soil is good, and he manures highly. He estimates the val ue of his tobacco, at present prices, to be at least $2,000. Admitting that one-half of that. is for expenses, which is too large an estimate, he has a clear profit of at least over $70 per acre. ' ' The Northern States have millions of acres well adapted to the culture of to bacco, nor is there any probability of too many engaging in it. Irr Virginia there is said to be a large deficit in the yield during the last few years. Its use in creases jn spite of autitobocco societies. In projiortion to the decrease in the use of ardent spirits, will that of tobacco in-, crease, becausevery many" will "use some thing te-eeitewpjict the nerves. ' Those who wi&h to obtain information concerning it culture, will find -a de tailed accountlof the method practiced in Connecticut, in the Albany Cultirat'n- of 1844, Yours truly" S. B. Bucklev. ir? J)reden, YaU CO.r N. . Y. Feb. 1, 1854. " '.' Hard II pad to Tkabi.e. We have learned, that some of our "majors" took exceptions to an observation in our last Iaier. As our desiirn was purely playful, we regret that any one should nave taken it in sTscriouS mood.;-" As to tlie strutting and fretting their hours upon the stage, it is a Miakspcrian expression, which lias often been philosophically s plied to men in every station, but never a . ... . . bef re (that we know of) received with ill fceliiijr. We are 1 sorry that our ioke should be taken amiss. Amonir our ma jors we call to mind oue at least whom we rank among our best friends, and of course we could not desiirn to irive him ofTence-nor indeed arhv ie' else. " But so it is an editor's is "a hard road to trablc, 1 believe." ' , . . . , Agaiivm an article upon the decline we Temarked that either of our two coach factories could be carried on with six or seven hands. But here comes Mr. Leigh's agent, and savs, " Why we work eighteen hands in all, (big, lit tle, old and young, hemii;lithave added.) So we Lave-stumbled again.--Wett; gen tlemen, it we did miss the figure, it was in advocatiuir a project which would, if carried out, double all your interests. Still, we are held inexcusable. Folks will not look upon us in the right light 1 es. M editor j,b , Writing .for- a Xeicurxtber. Header, do you know What writing for a news- paintr means ? it means writing in haste, Against the n.c.....ioiit wiiuous, iippcipHliny 10r re flection, correctness or r a cnance w gel ni- formation. It means dressing for a ball in the dark ; painting a picture with a single brush for all colors; answering questions of fact from imagination. It means attempting the impossible, and making fools believe you nave- donejL. Wore-thantharworse than' all it means writinc? nnantitv instead of ounlitr. dilutiniC Jiwksjjf fragxanXwuiut4aihi Us of on acre of land one year 10 losds of manure at 12,50, carting snd spreading S one-balf is Plowing- twice. Harrowing and markiug, 7.000 tolwicco plauU, st SO cents. XiLiiihfiidjilltastiiless water ; passing oU'WUw-tulies lor solid- bars ot metal, Ileview. TASTE THIS UP IX YOUR MIND. Let voti bo ever so pure, you cannot associate with bud companions without inning into nun inior. r.vu company is like tobacco smoke you cannot be long iii its presence without carrying away a aiutof it. - - MAPLE SUGAR. Our friends D. Sherwood & Co., have handed ns a specimen of their Maple Su gar;1 It is the finest and pnreRt we have ever Beeni so fitr ns wo can recollect, and much superior According to our notion, to ajy imported' Sugar whatever. Wil. CotilnUTCtal. . . -4 Block for the Monument. The block of Marble sent by the Sultan of Turkey for the aslnngton .Monnment, has ar rived at New York and will be immetli ately forwarded to Washington Let gentleness thy strong enforcement be. Wine i tnada to iome extent in Cam necticty r.-j e"';Tf'.f"''' . T -'v""'t'r'iy' "..V.-v-'r.' -.rr;-".' 1 z?T,jf'? -speech. or . Doi. 8. n. Rogers, of N. Carollaa, the Maws or KiriuiKTiTmi, Arit28, 1854. Tlie House liavintr .under considerarion bill granting lands equally to the several States w miu iu him conairuvuon m ranroiuu, ana tor the support of schools" - Mr. ROGERS .aid : Mr. Speaker, I desire to submit oome remarks in ngard to the policy wbich lias been pursued in relation to the public inu, onu w give my views, uuniuie so tuey may be, as to wbat dupositioa should be made of thai vast property by the future legislation of VxMigress. - '. In Joing so, I shall refer to the past lesridi tioo of Congress in eonneetion with tliis subject, and will newaoarily be led into a train of dis course not only familiar in Um Capitol, but usu al in political discumioa. I can scarcely hope, then, sir, to say anything new in thui connection. The greatest men of our country hSvs discussed it J Years ago great solicitude was felt and ex pressed ns to the manner in wbich silioold be dis posed of tbe vast domain which then belonged to our country, and that which would be acuuir- cd'iu the Natural course of events growing out of our institutions. The great statesman of the West, who is now no inore, when he said, in a speech, in the other eid of tbe Capitol, Long after we shall cease to be agitated by the tar iff, ay, after our manu factures shall hare acquired a stability and per fection which will enable them successfully to coi6 with the manufactures of any other coun try, the public lands will remain a subject of deep and enduring interest In whatever view we contemplate them, there is bo" (juesrioo of sucu vast mijioruiicv, saw with a propliet a vis ion the vast acquisitions which would be made to our territory, and the great necessity, of set tling then npou a system of jwlicy by which jus tice would be done to all the States. In my humble judgment gross injustice has been done to the old States : and I verv much ear, -friimrth -aetfon of Jongies for the fa few- years, and Jroiu its course as indicated uunng lliis session, no change of policy can be elected by which the old States will be benefitted to any great extent hile l hay a seatu0A thu floor, I M that it is my .duty to use (very fair meant iu mv annr lu .e&tict v?h f; ;nrrt IWaul.Juo-iittra-laa to intwben-jpn.sen4-4 mg land" Males, lhall would not, if my pow er, do them injustice ; I rejoice in the growth of our whole country; j .rejoice in th growth of every section of it. East, West, NorU, or South. Ve arc realizing, in the growth of the West, wliot wuk fiithers sow w he fwlorer-- Their lwh-4--- ;:r i""t:,:"r: l ''i''::r 2 lLitt' i v:j- .1 est iiojieii are oeing iuniiit.i. vura is a great, grow ing and powerful nation : and I hope 1 shall lie the last man to attempt to check her in her onward progress. If Congress legislates wise- .W, judicious!-, and equitably, in accordance. ith the principles of eur Constitution, we see but the beginning of the end. . - . Mr. speaker, i am m favor of distributing tbe lands, or the proceeds arisiiif from the sales thereof, among toe States, accurding to their re presentation upon this floor. I think, by the Constitution, such a power is clearly given to Congress, and that it is right, proper, and just to exercise it, 1 tie language of the Constitution this: . , - Cofirrrss shall hsrr power to ditaott tf, snd make sll nn-dlul rules and rrrulatwMM respecting, the terri tory u other properly aeloaiaf 10 the V. Stales." In a speech delivered upon this floor by the honorable' uif mber from South t'Krolina, Mr. ')iit,"ou tlte 24th of February, 1852, when m Wl-fwpeMiig-te'grant"iihe to the State of Missouri for constructing railroads was under connideration, aAer reciting the clause of tlie Constitution which I Lave just read, he used the following language : I suponsf that the power conferred bv ihis ebuts upoo tbe Cuuress u( to UsMed Histrs is as ample, full, snd complete ss any other power vested by that instrument in Congress. And the only liraitsuoa to that power, in my opinion, is an implied trust that the Congress, in mskint; that disposilion of the public lands, shall dispose of Ihem in sugh a manner ss asosl effectually to promote the intereslaof ail the Slates." After siieaking of the bill then under consid- erwtioii, he--ert--furtfir--te'Say ;------- Tdo tiot tTmia17fngreas would have power to five sway all the public lands ; for in that way Khe Gov ernment would not be carrying out lliia implied truat." I agree with the hohorablempmbcr from South Carolina, that it would be a breach otXrutt in this Government to'give all of the public lands" either to the States in which thevJie, or to jndi- .hluala.mtofmiiorati.wuL----H- wrmM m a vml tion of the ,erilM Upon which Virginia, North Carolina, and other States ceded the lands Claim ed by them to the General Government; and I say,, further, that it would be giving to particu lar States, or coronations, or individuals, land purchased with the revenues raised out of all the States vf the L'juiun. lnd-1-go utill fnrllier, and say That Congress hai no power, with out a viol.-ttion of trust, to give away one foot of the public lands, aconired either bv Cession ur liuriiiiiae, uiiLss it be fur 1 1 to "uoiiiiiioh feen-4 efil of allihe Sutes." To ascertain three positions, it will be neces- aary lorecur-to the-fiUta i:onnwt-d with UoKUr-i cumstanees under which the General Govern ment aciiuired title to the public lands : On the "Hi of July, 177'J. the Articles of the. Confederation were entered into, and by theae articles it was- provided " tliat no Slate shall be deprived 'of terrltorvTor thff'henefit -of the Vm-. ted States. At this period the State of ir- ginia,in addition to its present boundaries, claim ed all the territory now embraced within the lim- i,o( th.eStates tif lhio, Indiana, Illinois, Mich igan, and Wiscolisin. . Aorlli I arolina claimed Hie territory eniorac d within the limits of Tennessee ; Georgia claim ed that which is now Alaliamaand Mississippi ; and other States had unsettled claims to terriUe Oetolier 10, 1780, the Congnsa umler the t.-oiifi!ileration, for the purpose of mdueing and encouraging such' of the States as laid claim to western territory to o-de to the united States the pulilic domain, passed the following resolu tion : That the unanpmpriated lands which may be ced ed or relinquished to. the Cniled Slates, pursuant to the recomuiendnlhHi of t fHigresa of the bin of Sep. tember last, tkall bt dttvaaed af far tkt 'caiaa Sra- rS'f lr I'mitrd Statra, and be settled and tamed iuUi distinct repubiicsn States, which shall become members of I4ie. t-deral Cuion, and have the same rights of sovereignty, freedom, and iodeDendeace as the other States." The resolution just read contains this distinct proposition : - -. "Thai ssid aiWs tkall at diafattd af far vaa c- ko ssunT af tkt laitt flare. 'I' '- - - ' On the second of Januaryr l781, tb Legisla ture of Virginia resolved that they would yield to th Congress of the United States, for the ben efit of the said States, sll right, title, and claim which the Commonwealth had to the lands north west of the Ohio river, upon th folio wiua con-. ditions, among others : - That- the lands so ceded should b considered a man fund for fas um mni Seacfl of sued of the U. American Slates as bay become or shall become meaibers of lb Confederation, or Federal allisocs of amid States, Kririius lacajive, acoordinf to I ar sm. ml rt9fetm aw rtins in ikm reueni ekarrt and Siftntiturt, aoS SBonld be JaUAJutty and bans jiot ftpii for til fmrpt, mmd ft as vtkir fur ft laMseeer. March 1, 1781, the State of New York, in compliance with the resolutions of Congress, of September and October, 1780, in tlie old Con gress, by her delegates, executed a deed of ces sion to the u nited b tales of ber claim to all ter ritory lying twenty miles west of the most west erly bent or inclination of Niagara river ; and the deed contains theae words : " T te soW mart far tkt use mf tack tf tkt Unitti atatet at Msu lnu Humbert tf tkt aaid ataltt, ami far ao othis !' oa rvarosa whatsvxs. Congress finding tlie other States slow to come into their recommendation, in April, 1783, or dered an address to be imued to them, which -was drawn up by Mr. Madison, urging them to complete meir oeasions 01 lano. iu vciouer 01 I .1 5 - I J I. ... 1. tlie same year Congress pauses! a resolution, " to ppoint a committee to rrvort a plan, consistent with tbe principle of tbe Confederation, lor eon necting with the Union, by a temporary govern ment, the purchasers and inhabitants of the Western Territory, until their number and cir cumstances shall entitle them to form a perma nent constitution for themselves. Arc In April, 784, the committee reported a plan of govern ment, in pursuance of the preceding resolution, Inch, among, others, contains tbe following pro- Miou: " That when anv such State shall hays scqnired twenty thousand fret jnhabitanls, on giving due proof thereof to Cougreas they shall receive from them au- thomy, with appisntmenu or time ana place , to can a convention of reoresentatives to estsUisb a perma nent' constitution and govertirnent R.T themselvt-sl Pret-Kfs", That biHh the temporary snd Acraiauent (ovemmeBf be esubliahed oa these principles among others ss their basis : " 1st. That they shall forever remain a part of this aC?s30fst4'evT!j-fl tfoit -9t4vt4Vttf (rf AflwJvJflsl?!--''""" " 2d. That they shall be atAjact la tkt ArtieUl af Caaftdtratiaa. ia all tkaat faatt im wkiek tkt arigiaal Stattaakall kt at miri-f. and te-ill -Ow acts and or dinances of the United States in Cougreas assembled confts-mable thereto. ' ! 3d That they ia aa taat tkall nlrrftrt witk tkt primary dttfaaal af tkt toil by the United States in Congrcas assembled, nor with the ordinances snd reg- ulatKms which Congress mav find necessary fur e- curing the tilhi to the asaa fide purebast-rs." Believing that the Congress of file' tTnite3 States spokW ntrtf violate the trutt proposed by tbe resolutions of September and October, 1780, and pledged in tbe address of 1783, snd theje port of the committee of 1784, but perform it sacredly according to tbe term of the deeds of cession, which should be made consistently with them, the State claiming lands, with a noble magnanimity, relinquished them to the United States, to be held in , trutt for the use and bene fit of all the Mn, according to their reprtamt- altun upon tint floor. Tins is not the language of tlie retoluiiont of Virginia of tbe 2d of Janu ary, 1 1 8 1 ; . nor is it tbe language of the ocrdt of amon from Virgiuia and the other States; but it u the meaning of -them, and tbe only meaning which a lair construction af then) will allow, as I expect to be able to show before con cluding my remarks. Mureh I..I18I, Virginia made her used Of cession lu the fulluv. ilig words I -"T-be hujds wrthni th ternbTv weeded to the Lnited Htstes, snd not reserved ttir, nor appro priated to, any of the beturensentione'd purpurea, or disposed of ia bnoaties to the; officers snd soldiers of the Aniencaa .army, tkall at eanaidrrtd at a eamatta fund for tkt ate aad ktaefit af amrk af tkt failed Statra ma kaat sereme, sr tkall became, atemkart af tku CeaeaVratismar Federal AlUaact if said Huua. Vrrgiaia iaelaaiat, aecardiaf ia tkeir rttptetiat aad uaaal wrtpartiaat ia tkt general tkarft aad-trptadi tart, aad tkall kt failkfalla aad kaaa idt ditaated of far tkat jarpoae, and far aw atker mat or pmrmat November 1 3, 1 784, the Legislature of Massa chusetts, passed an act authorizing a cession to be made to the. United stall cd'aW Jaiid. claimed by that Stole between the Hudson sik! Missis J sippi rivers, tor tne purposes mentioned in the resolution ot Congress ot ictober 10, !eu : and iu the deed is contained, these words : j - ' To be disposed of for the outnntoa benefit of the : Uuited States.' September 14, 1786, Connecticut ceded to the United Stales sll her interest iu the lands one hundred and twenty miles west of the western line of Pennsylvania ; and used the words : " For the common use and benefit of said States.Coo necticut inclusive." I August, 9, 1787. the Delegate of Sonth Caro lina ceded to .the United Slate her clairq to her. putJit) domain uJ -their deed recites : ' " Whereas, the Congress of the United States did. on the 6th day of September,. 17r0, recommend to lbe.se vend Stales ia tha. L'uiuiu .hviug.cliui.to tSt.. lull leimoi, lu inake a ftSerof .essiss lu tbe I'mted aitataa of a pnrlssi of Iheir srepeetive claims lor the common benefit of the Union," dtc .February 86 1-790, Xorlh Vaiolina, by hert- two Senators, eecially empowered, O'ded Her vacant lands; after she had opened tier land offi ces even, to the United States ujion the esprtit eomlition : - nr-l tue 6f tbia Set.-to thet'rmed ttates of Amrricti. and; not appropriated as brlorenientioned, shall be cimvid- ered as a couimorl fund, ftir the use and benefit of the United Statea of America, North Carolina inclusive, 1 according to their respective and usual pmpurtion in i the 0-eneral chanre and expenditure. and shall be faith i fully disnxeed of for that purpus. snd for no other i use whatsoever.' Now, Mr. Speaker, I appeal to every member i.:. it .... i .......... I ............. ..d;..... ..fil.r.. ti. , i, " ii,i i qtUHin, OiV UO nil. ,"-il iii.imro, anv grossly vtolted,"by "the past legislation of Con gress! 'Millions of acres of the public lauds have been given away, not to tbe States accord- i inir tn their renresentation utKin this foor: not to I the State aecordina to theie retoect'tre and ', mui proportion in lie general charge and eu penditurt," but to purlkular. State ami eorpn- rations and individual, for imjtroremrntt and (MfwHu.jrttrj.; particular localities. , Is this right ! ls it eouilable f Is it carrying ; out in good faith the frarf reioed in the gen eral Government, m aivordance with her rrnolu tioos and in the deeds of ceuaion from the sev eral original land States! ' - It has been iusiseif, upon Ibis floor and else where, that the conditions contained in tbe deed of cession which I have rc-ad, wert reseiBdcd by the States when. thy adopted tlie, Constitution, and that the power of Congress over the public lands is not restricted by them. Especially has it been so argued with regard to the sixth condi tion contained in tbe resolution of Virginia, of the 2d of January, 1 781. It has been said that that eoudition, sad the condition upon which the trust was made to the General Government by all tbe States in their deeds of cession, had re ference to the eighth article of tbe Confederation, which provided that " all charges of war, and sll other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense and general welfare, and allow ed by the United States in Congress assembled,' shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several Stales, in proportion,'' dee, and thai by tbe adoption of our present ConsUtuUon, tins article of the Con- federation being repealed, that mode of taxation was abandoned, and tbe conditions of th trust ought not, and could not be fulnled. 'The condition of the trait hare not beea so rescinded, and do fair construction could lead us to any such conclusion, even if the Constitution bad been silent Uion the subject South Caro lina made her cession but one month before the adoption ofour Constitution, (Sept. 17, 1787.) North Carolina made her cession on the 25th of Fehuruary, 1780, over two yeara after the adoption of the Constitution ; and it is to be reasonably interred that her two senators, who were especially empowered for that purpose, un derstood the terms contained in her deed of ces sion to have some meaning, when they declared mat tana fax lafimt far tkt use sad rarf af tkt t ruled Staff aa, ntrtk I artiim melmmt, aetardtag ta tkeir r aftetia and amsf fraaartiaa ta tkt general ckargt and txataditart, mad tkall kt faitkfuUa dtavaatd tf jar taat furpaat, mam jar a sfr ate tchataatter: Now, sir,.what is th meaning of the. language nun i nave just read F At the time the doed containing those words was made our present Constitution was in opera tion ; our present system of revenue was in ope ration ; the old system under the Confederation had been abolished. Why, sir, the meaning is plain that it was intended that these lands should bel is Hosed -of at bat- time: when-our-Goi ei u-l ment owed a large debt, to bring money mto tlie Treasury to defray in so much the expenses of tbe Government, or to go towards the dis charge of her debt. Hut hat else does it mean : The conditions did not limit tho Government of ttie Tuite'd States either to discharge the pub- liitd ortodrfrayherCTptm ernraent with the proceeds of the lands, The onlv limitation was, that they should be dispos ed of for the iite and benefit of all the JUlatet, according to their respective and usual proimr- tions in the general charge aad expenditure. What is the meanim? of this lamruain. 1 cording to their nsual and respective prupurtious in the geiierat charge snd fxpemditiire,'''aS""Used" in the deed from ZSortb Carolina 1 It must have reference to the first clause of the eighth section of the first article of lb Constitution, which reads; " The Congress ehaH have power to lay snd collect tsxes, duties, imptsHs, and exewes, to pay tbe debts, aad provide for the comnion defense and general wel fare of the I' oiled States : but all duties, imposta, and excises tkall te uniform tkramgkout tkt (Vailed! aiM And the fourth clause of the ninth section of the same article, which says : " No cspitatjpa or direct tax shall be laid, ualett in prapertian ta tkt etnaaa ar eansnratan Serei'a be fore directed to be made." . If it does refer 10 these clauses, it means that the lands ought to be disposed of accorJing to tlie representation upon this floor, either by pla cing the proceeds in 'the Treasury to pay the iublTo debt or to defray the current exiienses of the Government," or by' distributing tlie lands, or the proceeds arising from the sales thereof, among all the Suite. For if our revenue laws are right, by the representation upon this floor, the near est siiproacu w can make to the proportion whi ich each State bears iu theAjW. and eipendtturt will be had ; and if lliey are disposed of in any other way, it will be a yrost 11.: f nixafivM 0 iruti. -i t , Tbe remarks which I have made in regard to I the conditions of the deed of cession from North Carolina apply aa to .tbe case of Georgia; for her deed of cession was made April 24, 1802, loagafter- the present oasiuution was hite.l; ani when the lerms used in hw deed of cession must have had relerenee to the clauses of the Constitution which I have read. i ' 1 think it equally clesr that no othdp meaning can be' given to the Umguage, "shall b disposed of for the use-and oeneht. of all the suites, ac cording to their retptetivt and Htuol proportion! in the peueral charte and expenditure," used in the deeds of cession made by. Virginia and the other States, prior to the adoption of tlie Consti tution. Tbe condition in the deeds had no re ference to the particular manner in wha b the general charge and expenditure should be impot- ; but they referred to therojuor thai "general charge . and-. expenditure., should be 6ore. All the Mate are bound to contri bute to the general charge and expenditure whether umler the article of tlie Confi-deratioti. of uiideKVttr'f& i.italiini U in duties oiriiiiimrt.-. or ill ulutT-' ever way our revenue may be raised. And it why should tlajy not be benefitted in the ae proportion out of a common fund No reasoning is necessary to come to tbe con- elusion which f have come to w ith regard to the j construction which should be given to the deed ! : A. 1...: -I- 1 ' u:.K.l.i;nA - w" "' -jbm v-? v v - ---2-f 10 tne lanrts.. ror, mr, rne nnir-joi anrcir:"T.vf--nn.tT .r , irii, uii.,uini, uuu sixth of the Constitution declan that ra-: millions have been given to some of the Slate. ... . a(ementt yttWtvi into under the Confederation Thus far I have-' spoken with reference to the) , shall be valid under the Constitution. The lati-cost of th public lauds snd have endeavored to gur,Sv ls " All debts contracted and eagsirerfie.ls entered . .he af Tl I tuMon ssiinder-tli t oufedcMUuo. ! IHd not the Gwcm mrf, rinder the CilifVjdi-Kitiori, with: Virginia, Massachusetts and the other Sfcites, w ho made their cessions previous to the adoption of the Constitution, that the lands reded should bedis-.i Jposc4.of ,f .r tbe use and benefit of all the States, and faithfully for that tsu, and for none other ' w Imtsoever I And dnrs not the Constitution, as I have just read, declare thatjtliat engagement l engagement ai oe jaunjatiu Kept : with equal fort that the debts contracted . un der the Confederation were disv-liarged by the adoption of the Constitutwn, which T supjMise, even in this dyopprx)gress,noonie will cxntend. I have thus f)tr spoke with reference to the Unus acuiied by cesio from the State. Let u now es howvstaiids tlie case with 'regard to the lands wriihssed by this tievrniuent, and for wbich a pries, in money, was paid ; which money baa been raised, or is to be raised, under our revenus laws,' operating on-all the State. At th lowest estiinat. th public lands in th original purchase, and th management of them bare cost this Government about liOO, 000,000 over and above what has been received from their sales. " - I have here a statement showing the cost of lands up to March, 182 : Faid to Franca for Imhsumw 15,OoO,OOe - &,0O0,uO0 1 ,m,76 5.000.000 M30.UO0 " i3a,utNj - 4h3,147 Interest paid thereon Hsid to Spain for Honda Interest paid thereon j rS."rfl . Interest paid lb. la buds ia eickaage, (estimated,) Paid fur Um Yaauo claims Paid fur sijaVaiaf boundaries of lands, dk. 36JMH1 raid to ladiaae kx land to 1S3!) Appropriated aad paid since, to 1849 Since, fnc tw years, (estimated) Lead OAos eipesns to 1849 Biace, fw two years, (estimated) ' Paid to Meuco , -Paid to Texas tot her tills ' V AddiUoaal Army sinenses, yearly. Hama, far three previous years Total, 8S4),rHi 184199,863 4,UUO,notl . 7614134 740,000 15,000 ,000 10,000,000 4,5e.l,aS 13,b9,8!8 2079.1,1 75 138b3, Received for sales of load, ia all Defideaev. 68,6394109 1317,175,577 Add tbe east of the MsiHraa war -Add tjt the Florida war, tbe Black Hawk war, aad aU sipaaae of the Indian wars, and to suppress India hostsities; fur treaties aad removal . of Indiana, &C, Sec, sad it will be , at least 900,000.000 -' 45,(S,4 I get these facts from Um speech of tnr hon- orable friend from New York, Mr. IIcssktt, which he delivered to this H;iH during-the first - session of the last Congress ; and I have ascer- taineu trom oluer sources tltat they are true.-- And we still owe many millions of annuities to Indians for land under treaties : aud the exnensa of Indian treaties, Indian agents, coinnussioners, eke, amount annually to a large sum. Now, sir, who pays the money into votir' Treasury wirt hic1i tAeWUfeliaseav5TKn made, snd withhichryoWlandrTiystcm has been kept up f North Carolina, South Caroll na, Georgia, and all the old States, pay a pro portion Ajidr l tuiiJtJ will W able to show that they pay a much larger, proportion-" than "' t,h.- h.v m thM ri.r.t.lj(. p.. flIK-i ami yet tney receive notluug. either iu th wav of lands or of the proceeds arising froiii the sale .i ' ' thereof; but tbey are giva to th land Sutes - : ' . , States which bear the smallest proportion n th general charge and expenditure. " J - t I will take the case of North Carolina, and make the estimates ss if she pay a proportion itito4lawTrosii .. ,,' represetitntron upori tlif flobr.THow muuh ill 7 . theae public kind have cost tier F ' They hava " . ' cost the General Government 300,000,000 over snd above th receipt from their kale. ' . " ,.. There are too hundred qd thirty-tour mem- .J bers of this IIouss ; by arithineu'c yob can see ' that they have coat each district .baring a mem -:;- ber here 2,130,755. North Carolina . i nti ? . ; tied to eight members,', then eight times, that , -amount is what she ha paid for public lands, - - - ' amounting to tl7,OM,018T;-." ' . , " ' But is this sll I No, sir I Until the last jcen-" r sua, North Carolina had tea members upon this . '' . floor, and tbe calculation should W mad for -" - -.r ten instead pf eight ; for nearly tbe whole of ' this Outlay was made nefbre the"spp6rtfonmeTit f under the last eehsus, which ; would make her -, shara in this charge upon trie' general Treasury ' 2 1 .SftSjiaaerfiw-it- is-with: y:iiii,''&-4JaTOlw,fci n Mawtachusetl, and th other old ttatee, c v , .5 .,. frrrm-w-stetnnwticnTRaTerah fit reliable, I think it can be shown, 'and clearly ... 1 shown, that . North. Carolina, Virginia South " J ' . Carolina, and Georgia, have paid a much larger - . proportion of this 1500,000,000 than they should ' , It ia a generally admitted principle of eranrjiercial law, that th amount of imports ia regulated by th amount of export, and" since our-Rveaoe is lamed from duties apoa imports, it buows.if it ca be show that Iwo-tbirds of the domestic exports of this coa try an the prod acts of alar labor, that th propuai . tion is sastained that two thirds of the antire rev ' 1 nue from imports ia paid by the labor of slaves." . The va)uf eur.dwri . was18t.8,984. - Of this amount, 12,40l. 601 were the products of the southern States- more than two-thirds. 5 It is impossible tossy . with positive certainty what amont of these pro- ducta was raised ia any particular State, because : states bordering upon each other will export tba ' produce of each other ; but we can make near approximation to it- , 1. .... Xurtb Carolina has two hundred and eighty eight thousand five hundred and forty-eight slaves within her limits, according to the last , census ; which is about' one eleventh of the en tire slave population of this country, and we rait WW elev r enth of the entire products exported from the South, and therefore pays into your Treasury one eleventh of two-thirds or two thirty-thirds .. of tlte eutire revenue arising from dutie oa im- - - 11 ow caicuiauon . a near apptxaacrt jlo in train, . ,Huth Carolina, and u-ginia, according to the same calculation, must have paid each a much larger amount, aud yet not one of them has re- , eeived any grants for internal improvements, or for educational purposes, or for any other pur-., iwH hrKhH-h thM rMM,vt. rtf tl.u. ttlal.. t..u -. ' - trrififr;r 1 Ctrasr s-how the proportiou which the States, and par- ' - - li.iitiirlv fliM t,Miw,ri.,n rl,Lli V.-ll fA-i.ltn , .. ,1' t J ,.,i, ,1 . Now, let us ee U thev have beel dUo..1 oC and which of the Stales have been beuetltetL rrvna -a sUteuienl which l- baeL from tlio- 'C-oiumiwiooer of Public Lauds, it appear that the amount granted up to the 30th of Septera- ber, 1853, is one hundred and twjnty-nine mill- ' ion oue hundred and uiuety-tive thousand nine ' hundred and eighty-three acre ; and Urn does not include the grant of many millions of acres of swamp lands to California, of which there has vet been no return. The mnU mro. C,p lh .i.. - , . , . ' , . It might U-argueil!"1" "'y " 5? . M . land, granted to the land Slates aiid Territories been sold at the Government price, it- Kild have amounted to 161,494,978. The share of ' North Cafolina, according to the rejievMenlatiua, would be 5,52l,l2. . . - v 1 v.. .m.v wv,. "imi, in... ,. , 1 ... 1 L 1 1 1 a. - I have another stateroent vrhfch bw that tha r auMUut of pulrV lauds told up to the saute data. - )