V
Whole JV0. .3 3 j.
Tarborough, (FAlgecombe County, JV Friday January 2, i35.
To. AT JYo. t.
7r "Tarborottgh Press"
v iJHOHGE HllWAIID.
ts pnblis.vl wpr kly, at 'i'uo Dollars and
'',' Ctrt's l"r veM," 'f panl " vice
'fl'ff Dalian, at the expiration l" the
w a vfsi, la-emy nvc tt;iu per month
nbers are at lilierly lo di-contimir hi
v turn, on civin noUVe llirit-of and
in? arrears thsr residing at a ttis-a-f
must iniiallv p.iy in advance, or
: a rt snonoihle relVrence in tlii vicinitv
.tverti-niMit, not esceeilin 1 line's.
I le indued at o mils the (list ukit-
ii, ami -) i ' e.cn ( oniinnance. Ln.
on.'s at that r.tte tor every U linns
trrtiMMiitMiM must tte marked the num
of insertion required, or they vi I be
inuied until otherwise ordered, and
i-rged accordingly.
.titers adilreged to the Kditor must he
.1 p-ii.l. or they mv not he attended to.
Gov. Swain's
INAUGURAL ADDRKSS.
riflemen of the Senate
ndof the. House of Commons:
In obedience to the expression
yotir will, tintler circumstances
uliarly grateful to my feelings,
npear before you to renew llu
emn pledges of fidelity reqnir-
by the State oi Ms duel Ma-
trale. At an important period
the affairs of the State and Gen-
1 Government, the Legislature
pleased to call me from wide-
different pursuits to this: station.
lie reluctance and diffidence wilh
lich I entered upon its duties,
Teamed the anxiety I felt for
:h a termination of them a
tild justify, if not the flattering
icipaiions of my friend, t In
satiable expectations of the pub
1 thank God, however, that
va not permitted at any mo-
tit either to believe or desire
t my administration would
e universal satisfaction. One;
the earliest maxims which wa
printed on my memory taught
that he wno pleased them most,
s not always the ablest or most
hful servant of the people.
;th this principle before me, Ij
:e endeavored, oy a rigid aune
ce to duty, to secure the ap
obation of my own conscience,
1 to deserve the favorable esti
ition of honest men. The first
nl has been attained, and I have
far succeeded in ihe second as
be sustained, not by the high
i of party excitement, but a
nt its current. Under such
'.u instances, the day which tei -lates
my public career, will
ak upon a lighter heart than
I which withdrew me from the
et of private Iffe. I shall re
's I trust, without animosity to
rds those by whom my motives
e been misconceived antl mis-
presented, and with feelings of
itfful regard for my friends,
ich those can best appreciate
.o have experienced similar
?lity in trying vicissitudes.
I have deemed it not inappro-
ate to speak thus much ot my
ends and of myself. For my
intry and my native Stale, the
is demands a wider range of
jervation.
In my communication to '0u at
i commencement of the session,
resented for your consideration
t particular relations which sub-
t between this State and the
deral Government. The more
reflect upon this subiect, the
pre deeply am 1 impressed with
conviction, that the price of
krty is eternal vigilance, and
pt power is always stealing from
e many to the few. Let any
e examine impartially the his-
ry ol the Confederacy and of
is Stale, and form, the conelu-
pn, if he can, that the power and
ironage oi ne General (movem
ent are not dangerous lo public
herty. Nay, more, let him scan
entively the characters and con
ct of public men, and solace
mself with the conviction, if he
n, that the same general inteTi-
and patriotic devotion are now
hibited which characterized ihp
rly days of the Republic. The
ement individual who can as-
re himself ibai either position
wue, is endowed with a philos-
n, me possession ot which, if
l:d not inspire mo with wisdom,
would add greatly to my sum of
happiness. 1 cannot conseien
siously refrain, gentlemen, from
urging upon you, at this time, the
deliberate consideration of this
unwelcome topic. Our fathers
proclaimed with prophetic fore
cast, that a frequent recurrence to
fundamental principles would be
essential to the preset vation of lib
erty. There was no one of the Colo
nies which in the early period of
American history, suffered so se
verely from Executive misrule as
North Carolina. The jealousy of
absolute power produced by this
circumstance, constitutes the most
striking trail in character of our
citizen, ami is visibly impressed
upon our institutions. It gave
birth to live war of the Revolu
tion, animated the patriots of
Mecklenburg at the first dawning
ol civil libeity, clothed the Exec
utive Department with no other
power than I he attribute of mercy
in the formation of the State con
stitution, and was the foundation
of the wise diMrust ihe exemplary
caution, with which the Federal
Constitution was considered and
adopted. It was exhibited in no
equivocal character in the pro
ceedings of every department of
the government in 1790. The
assumption by the General Gov
ernment of Ihe debts of the Slates,
to the amount of twenty millions
and a half of dollar, and the im
position of a duly of seven and a
half per cent, on foreign mer
chandize, were subjects of severe
animadversion in the annual Ex
ecutive Mesag That commu
nication resulted in a solemn pro
tect on the part of both branches
of the General Assembly. The
oath to suppoit the Constitution of
the United Stales ''was scornfully
refused;" the use of the State
prisons denied to the Federal
Courts and the authority of the
Federal Judges contemned by in
judicial tribunals of the State. I
do not allude to these facts, for
the purpose of yielding to them
even the feeble authority which
they might derive from my sanc
tion, but to illustrate, Irom our
own record, the disposition which
prevailed to cmifine power within
its proscribed limits at the period
when Washington, Jefferson and
Hamilton prescribed in the Coun
cils of our Country.
It is not difficult to perceive the
origin of the excitement which
then prevailed. It had been con
tended by the advocates of the
Federal Constitution, in the Con
vention which rejected that instru
ment, that I be. great object to be
accomplished was, the establish
ment of a government competent
to conduct our intercourse with
foreign nations, and exercise other
delegated powers necessary to na
tional prosperity at home and char
acter abroad, which, in the nature
of things, could not be exercised
by individual Stales. That to
these great purposes, the attention
of the General Government would
be confined by express limitations;
while all powers connected with
their internal government and po
lice, would be reserved to the
States. That the General Gov
ernment, claiming comparatively
few powers, expressly and clear
ly granted, would not only wield
them with greater effect, but wilh
less expense ?o the people, than
under the Confederation. I shall
not repeat the reasons stated in my
Message, to prove that "at that
period no doubt was entertained
upon the part of this Slate, that a
comparatively small share of ihe
taxes paid by her citizens would
be required by the Federal Gov
ernment. "
The revenue which accrued to
the national treasury during the
year, was little more than two
millions and a half of dollars,
which was equivalent to a capita
tion tax of seventy-six cents on
every individual of every caste in
the United States. The Slate
revenue on the other hand com
puled in I i k o manner, was hul
nineteen cents, or precisely one
fourth of the levy by the Federal
authorities. And although we
were then burthened with a debt
of seventy five millions, which
was so far as money was concern
ed, the price of our liberties, we
have seen that our first fioal ope
rations created universal alarm.
Who that witnessed the excite
ment which prevailed then, could
have anticipated the perfect com
placency with which we contem
plate the existing policy of the
government? Suffer me to con
tinue this history, as concisely as
I can, to the present period. In
100, (the last year of the admin
istration of the elder Adams,) the
national revenue was equal to a
capitation tax of one dollar and
forty-two cents that of the State
lo fifteen cents. In 1S10, (at the
close of Mr. Jefferson;! Adminis
tration,) the national levy had fal
len to one dollar and thirty cents
and lhat of the State to twelve
cents. In 1S20, (in the 4th year
of Mr. Monroe's Administration,)
the proportion was as one dollar
and eighty-live cents to thirteen
cents, and in 1S30, (in the second
year of General Jackson's Ad
ministration,) as one dollar and
ninety-three cents, to twelve
cents. In 1190 we placed our
selves in an attitude of almost di
rect hostility to General Govern
ment, because we were required
to eoninouie jour nines me a
rnount, to the general treasury
which we yielded to our own.
In 1S30, the national exaction
wa- to that of ihe State, sixteen
to one. It is impossible to recon
cile these facts with the idea of an
economical administration of the
affairs of the General Government.
If it be contended that the coun
try has increased in population,
and that a proportionable increase
of taxation, was to have been an
ticipated, it is admitted. Rut we
are met, and astounded by the
fact, that while the increase of
population between 1790, and
J 830, was something more than
as thtee lo one the increase of
taxation was more than nine lo
one. The same principle more
over, which would require us to
anticipate an augmentation of the
uaiional revenue, from our grow
ing population, would lead us to
expect the same results wilh re
gard to our Stale finances. Du
ring the same period however, al
though the population of ihe Slate
was neatly doubled, Ihe increase
of revenue was but one sixth.
Astonishing as thee results may
seem, at Ihe first glance, they may
be accounted for upon ihe most
obvious principles of our nature.
The fiscal system of the General
Government is indirect in its op
eration, and that is effected insid
iously which would not be tole
rated, if like the pestilence, it did
not walk in darkness. Let us
state ihe case again. In 1790,
the General Government levied a
contribution on each individual
in ihe Union of 76 cents; inl830,
of gl 93. Thestateon the other
hand exacted 19 cents in 1790,
and 12 cents in 1830. Why do
we not witness an increase instead
of a diminution of your levies?
Because, gentlemen, your opera
tions are seen and understood.
You approach wilh trembling
footsteps a guarded reservoir,
while others have unforbidden ac
cess lo the secret sources of the
fountain.
And is there to be no end of
these things? Never, if ibe States,
forgetful of their own lights and
dignity, needless of the value of
the checks provided by the Fed
eral Constitution, unite their
efforts to destroy even these safe
guards of our liberties. At all
rr
events no such prospect is presen
ted to ns now.
It has been announced to the A
mei iean people by Ihe highest au
thority, that even at this day in
a period of profound peace, when
the national debt is extinguished
to the umost farthing, thai more
than twenty millions are necessa
ry lo meet the ordinary expenses
o'f Government. Of Ihese twenty
millions, North Carolina contri
botes more than a million; whih
you, the immediate represent a
lives of the people, will not, dare
not require a tenth of the amount
to answer all the purposes of the
State Government. But if twenty
millions are necessary now, what
sum will suffice in case of a for
eign war, or the commencement
of a national system of internal
im pt o ve men Is ' a sy s t e m o f i n -tenia!
improvements which pro
poses lo lavish Ihe treasure of the
nation upon those sections of the
Union where nature has been
most prodigal of her bounties, and
leave in utter destitution those
whose situation ihe most imperi
ously requires relief a system
which vvould improve the Hudson
and Ihe Mississippi to an almost
indefinite extent, but would not
extend above Wilmington on he
Cape Fear, Newbern on ihe
Neuse, Washington on the Tar,
and Plymouth on the Roahoke.
A national system which makes!
no provision for any portion of the
Western, or fir nine-tenths of the
Eastern section of the Slate.
1 no not hesitate to admit, that
it is not the mere collection of
large sums of money which startles
me. I am one of those who en
tertain the opinion that govern
ments were instituted among men
to secure that protection which
could not be afforded by a single
arm, and to effect that improve
ment necessary to ihe well-being
of the community which could
not be compassed by individual
exertion. lkit these powers and
these duties, gentlemen, belong
appropriately and peculiarly to
you, have not been delegated, and
cannot be safely confided else
where. It can scarcely be necessary to
advert particularly to the evils
which a redundant revenue, has
inflicted and is now inflicting up
on the country. They are palpa
ble to the observation of every
one. It has corrupted the press,
brought the patronage of the gov
ernment into conflict with ihe
freedom of elections, and created
associations of persons whose in
terests ate directly at variance,
with those of the great hotly ol
the people. Il is imposMble not
to perceive that there are individ
uals rising up amongst us, who
neither expect nor desire, by pain
ful and laoorous exertion, to se
cure either fame or competence,
but to reap the easier reward
which awaits the partizan politi
cian. I give it as an opinion, which
is the result of some observation,
and with the mot painful assur
ance ofils truth, that the power
and patronage of the General Gov
ernment must be reshicted to nar
rower limits, or liberty will but
too soon exist only in name.
My views as to the best meas
ure of reform al ptesent within
our reach, were communicated in
my message, the lariii is ad
justed for the present, and good
laith requires that this adjustment
shall not be disturbed. With re
gard to the public domain, how
ever, ihe question presents itsell
urn
like improvident spendthrifts,
having exhausted our ready funds,
permit our real estate lo pass into
the hands of greedy adventurers?
The question must be decided for
yourselves and your constituents;
and, having endeavored to state
faiily, 1 commend it, without fur
ther remark, to your considera
tion. In conclusion, gentlemen, allow
me to say thai I yield to no one
in admiration of the excellence ol
our form of government. To se-
(eure Ihe pui poses of its founders.
it is only necessary that it shall
be administered with the wisdom
and purity manifested in its for
mation. It is with no misgivings,
therefore, no mental reservation,
that 1 shall vow before my God,
and in the presence of this As
sembly, to support, maintain snd
defend the Constitution of my
country; but with the determina
tion to yield to all its rt quire
menls heartly and cheerful obe
dience. I am now ready to take'
ihe oaths prescribed for my qual
ification, and eriler upon the du
ties of my office.
Convention. It will be seen
that the House of Commons have
ii. l i.
have published the bill which is
belore them.
On T
its details were freelv ,lkpf.
& Irom thf Inup & mm v..-..;r.w
di nn cnicitu into tne uiscussiou . i .l i .
i .ho r, i- 'v 'Lan rivers to the north-east, and
ol the Convention question. We; i , , Vi
1 i Cnillltllllllir I HllO Ivll tlilu I n r.i k'nnn
i, IIIHIIIIC9- I i .. . .
led by members in general, hopes i Pcndllu, e ot tl,e?e ,arSe sums of
are entertained that this vexed money- Our system is defec
queslion of constitutional reform I t,ve' drratheri l,,e evil ,ips in
will be settled this session, so far' u'an' s3'slem which the Le
as the House of Commons is con -1 g'slature, in its wisdom ought to
cerned, by the adoption of some suPp' or cease appropriating
meaure of conciliation. Before j tne people's money, to he expend
the adjournment of the House on ; eiJ on heaVtless speculators and
1 uesday, Mr. Haywood offered
an amendment, in regard lo lim
iting the powers of the Conven
tion, which it is thoughl will ren
der the bill more acceptable than
in its original shape: By the d
mendment, the Senate is to con
sist of not under 4 nor over 40
members, to be elected by dis
tricts, these to be laid off in pro
portion to taxes paid: The House
of Commons to consist of not un
der S7 nor over 107 members; re
taining the seven boroughs, and
each county to retain al leasl one
member, and the other members
to be proportioned according lo
federal numbers: The right of free
persons of color to Vole, to be sub
rogated or restricted: To disqual
ily members of Assembly Irom
holding any other office, either
under the Slate, United States, or j The Republicans have only to be
any other government: To com-vigilant, and every man vote, to
pel members of Assembly to Vote j ilisure a triumph in the election of
viva voce in all elections made by, lheir candidate; for it would be
ihem under Ihe constitution: j U,elling the district to admit that
Each county to be entitled lo twothm toac n n.innn-nf nr.
lolfer-i!..a i.. lU : . li
v,v "s r ",c- vwii l-cii nun, anu
no moie, &c. &c.
Haleigk Standard.
University of North Caroli-
tIn consequence of the death
of Col. William Polk and Dr. ! county nas an orange tree wnicti
Wm. Martinj and the removal j has for lhree .Vears Past. produc
from the Slate of the Rev. Mr. j d fifty oranges annually. Sever
Witherspoon and Gen. Thos. al of these oranges had been
Love, there are four Vacancies in j brought to Salem for sale, and
the Board of Trustees ol the tJni-, were as gootl as such fruit gener
versny of this State, which it will tally is. ib.
devolve on the Legislature to fill j - - -
al its present session. Il appeals Jr Manvm.TUp Wash
from the report of Charles Man-1 jllgton Globe", the iGth inst.
ley, Esq. Treasurer of the j s t(mt tjr . Mangiim declared
Board, that the receipts of the cor- , to one ()f uh hyotwr Senators, a
porat.on during the year ending fpw (, . ; that iflheresolu
20,h Nov. 1S34, were b,J56 10; , loM (jn5lrnctm him) , hft
balance in treasury from preceding woudvres, Ve gw!f6.
year, S3, low 95; making an ag-
gregate of $ 0,1 13 05. The ex- "
penditures during the same peri- GTR appears from the Salem
od, were 87,077 69; leaving a i Reporter, that a: white man named
balance in the treasury, 20th Nov. Josiah Reed, confined in German
1S34, of 3,035 36. It appears, ton (Stokes county) Jail, under
that desides these sums there has charge of arson, murdered a ne
been received by the Superinten-1 gro fellow natned Sam, confined
dent at Chapel Hill from students, in the same room with him, on the
for tuition and room renl, for Ihe 5th Jnst. ib.
two sessions of 1834, the sum of I
33,188; which sum has been dis- Beat who cnnThrre is a
bursed by the Superintendent a-! n jn this cr)Unty who wilh
mong the Faculty of the College. assistance 0fonsefVs.ntf !ia
1 he total amount of expenditures, f baJes of
therefore, for account ol the Uni- ... ., ' , J. .
. . , i . cotton, worth at present prices,
versitv during the last rear, is; .t i An -
Mf) .QSfi HQ; ar.tnal reeeims. 310. -
r ';" TV"" '
144 iuj cteiicn, $ ov. 10.
A'ciO BcLnlcs. h will be seen
from the proceedings of theLe-i0,,e
ins attire, that the Newbern Hank j
O
bill, which passed the Commons,
04 to 58j has passed its second
reading in the Senate: And that
Mr. Clark has introduced a bill in
the Common's to establish the Mer
chants and Farmers Hank of the
town of Washington. This latter
is nearly a cop', verbatim, of the
Newbern bank bill. ib.
Internal Improvements in North
Carolina.-ie would beg leave
to call the reader's attention to the
Report of Mr. Wyrhe, Superin
tendent of Public Works in our
Stale, which will be found on the
fourth page of this week's Stan
dard. It will be seen from the
Report, that of all the funds col
lected in the Slate, and expended
for purposes of internal improve
ment, the greatest proportion
might as well have been thrown
away. With the exception of a
few works, stu b as a Koad or two
in the West, the removal of ob-
' I lLI f ' I I f 1 tl C l a 1 I . 1
i jimtuviiij iii me jiwiiuoive aim
V,3 . .. cai
to the South, little or no advan
iaSe lo lMe PeoP,e or crecm 10 U16
tage to ihe people, or credit to the
State, has resulted from the ex-
; defrauding contractors. ib.
Early in ffo jield. In the Stan
dard of the 5ih inst. we advised
our readers of the efforts making
by that sect of political ranters
yclep'd bank-whips, to start an
opposition to Dr. Hall, in iheTar
boro' district. It seems they have
found their mart, in Ebenezer Pet-jfigreu-t
Esiq. of Tyrrell county;
who was nominated on the 14th
inst. by a convention of select
wigs, assembled in the town ot
Washington. There is abun
dance of time to prepare for ihei
race; and if Mr. Pettigrefu should
win ihe heat, and carry banfeweight
too, be will have done better than
: ue can promise him,1 ami doubt-
, less more than he himself exoects.
J J
islocrats in it. ib.
JS'orth Carolina Oranges.-
-We
find it staled in the Salem Repor
ter thata gentleman in Davidson
i 1 " . . ,
lallandssee Jblortdian.
Another! We understand, that
acre r ground was selected
,' l,,e piamaunu m ur. ime-
I I .1.1 !
head, and ihe produce of the sec
ond picking weighed and amoun
ted to 1950 lbs of cotton in the
seed. It was Petit Gulf Cot
ton. ib.
(7The ship Niuus has sailed
from Norfolk, with 126 manumit
ted slaves, to make a settlement at
Hassa Cove, Africa, under the
patronage of the Young Men's
Colonization Society of Pennsyl
vania. The colony'is to be called
Penn Sylvan. It is intended that
another expedition shall be sent
within three months, of manumit
ted slaves from Georci t.
X. Y. Star.
? a
A