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Tarlwrough, (Edgecombe CoimUj, X. , C) Saturday, September 26, 1S3.5.
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Communications.
FJK Til S 'T A KBO HO PUKss.
Ti c 'V'' ' Instruction.
Mr. Editor: Among the ino-
I.. I. . . iii'iuiintiwl in- 1 1
ibmit the fnllowiitg remarks to
W public ef, egotism or vanity
j. lVe hail d; share. Tiie absence
d' i!.e labors of those )cus far
ii .re i-ompettMU than my own, is
iiiV nulv apaloty. Mine- is an
hiimble'v. lice, bui writing as 1 will
:,), pro bono publico, il is hoped
mat whatever errors may occur in
the performance may he excused
iVorn the motive.
I propose to enquire into the
ailure ami origin 01 me ii'.nu 01
ftruction.
In
zovemments i
where the sovereign pjwer is
trusted to a single hand, no such
ridit can bu supposed to exist.
The ruler being despotic and be
vond control, he is responsible to
. . . ;
Lines, as m r ranee ami England,
where the Commons though not
fjvereigu form one of the estates
'of the realm, this right is bejieved
always U have been recognized.
V memorable instance of this oc-J
curred in the latter country in
1 529, in the person of Sir Robert
Peel. This nobleman had been
returned as the member for theU
uiversitv of Oxford, w hile lie en-U-riained,
or was believed to have
eiiiertained, sentiment ufdavora
lie to the passage of the famous
"Cadii.Iic Ltn;;-:icipatiou JJill."
Oa taking bis sent in Parliament,
l.eably and elon-ieutlv advocated
:s paaae. liut, before the final I
licuuw of the Uritish Ijeu'islature
fin thai vital (piestiou, apprehend
that lie was not ariinji in ac-
I'aJ.mce wild the wishes of hU
nnstitijeuts, he resigned his seat
a.ld :i'fiiu cil.i-iitui (' -,.! .;...
I v'iim .-niiii.Mii ii un v.iiiiui in
1 the e!eriiirr n.nwr.
i) one except Ins liod and Ins l" "" "neic imiihi '"'ho.
louscience. In limited monar- The judiciary s ay the law is cju-r-
i i i i i i ,i
? I I "
but in oiir own country, more ed part, and unless madam rumor
T'Operly than in any other, has, tells a falsehood, he is greatly io
''i iii:ht until rtceutly been i:ni- j'ebted to that fortuitous circum
ersaliy held sacred. Tiie sages stance for his subsequent elevation,
tflhe revolutiouarv era iticorpo-U mean the case of the lion. David
fated it into the Constitution, and 1
I .1 i . ' . !
eiQ U no fs n nrnrlirn ilntv
lian a national theorem. "All po
v. v
"ical power is vested in and deri
ved from the people." Here then
J1 'nay be perceived that not only
'' tins power vested in but also ch
r r from the people. Why is it
,ie pretended that the people
l!l!.V, primarily, absolutely and
exclusively can exercise a political
lhtr In regard to the novel and
pulieard of solecism, that though
!le people- primarily possess this
Jl-Mt they cannot delegate it to
Jv"om they please, a sufficient an
?r is not only found in the part
!' "'e Ctutit lit ion n!ovp nnoiprl
r11 " the practical, daily and ne
Ipsary action of the government.
, '"iidea carried to its legitimate
tvte"t anDuutsto the perfect non
'.u,tyof ti,. body politic a total
Jseiice of government, and a
"aotn: strue f SOeiety unknown
ln ellie days of the patriarchs.
"ere 1 will take occasion to re
r. tk u civil and political lib
yi contrary to the vulgar opin
'vrydiirent things. The
j.'"-1' people, with a few excep
,u'jy as much civil liberty
4 Indeed all that we
onct' di.L 'i'ljo church e.-t ihlish
m":it, liu game laws, the doctrine
of entails, primogeniture, and a
lew others, taken in connexion
with their tardy ami expensive
process of judicature, constitute
ithe nnneioal obnoxious leaturps
. . . . ...
l t!ie lnii!i tnuuicipnl code.
The judiciary there is little, ii
any, more independent of the po
pular w'ill than it is with us. This
so far from being a matter of re
git t, is one of t lie wisest provi
ioos our Constitution contains.
Hence we see that while the neo-
! pie do, or ouLlit to possess, the
power of both electing and con
trol ling the executive and legisla
tive department?, they have been
viely excluded from any direct
control over the judiciary or civil
department.
Kecurring, however, to.the main !
point, let us enquire whether in
fact the people have not delegated
to the Legislature political pow
ers which tliey and they only can
properly exercise? The power to
pass a law is a political power,
and the pow er to elect a Govern-J
or, Comptroller, Treasurer, Sena- !
lor in Congress, cC:. are nothing (
else. Now unless the people had)
also given the power to instruct i
and control as well as to elect,
they certainly would have retain
ed in their own bauds, the means
by which they could punish an ob-
noxious oiiicer lor a refusal to
eu-J()bey. !ut have they done it.5
Xav, assuming the strongest ima
ginable ioi nee, that the Legisla
ture pass a law which the pe.pl
unanimously' deprecate and r-.-fiiSe
. I . If I . .1. i..;
Pl,llll,"', "l - " u
pel them to enlorce it. 1 thly
ihe world to point out a constitn
tiori'il rei.iedy. The right to pass
die law and the right to construe
an(' enforce it is gone from tbc
people, and their remedy if any
they have lies in that natural right!
of i evolution, transcendent In and
above all consiitujions. Apart
from this dernier resort, the pco-
pie possess one and one only posi- j
live ria lit d' punishing a public j
servant, if the l iuht in question be 1
denied. That is the ballot box. j
By this means, acknowledging utj
the same time the right to instruct, i
otlions law may be repealed,
and an obnoxious olTner removed.!
Tbe records of our own State;
contain a memorable instance of:
instruction by the legislative body I
of"" ofiicvr of their own creation j
a rnsp Ino in Inch Him tioo.
" " -
John lrauch nla ved a distintruish-
Stone. Who at that time denied
, r i . .
the riuhl in the Legislature to in
struct? No one certainly not
John lJranch. If the right were
not in the Legislature it could
not, did not exist at all. If it
were with the people, it was tbe
mere shadow without the sub
stance; a mere naked right per
fectly nugatory, because unac
companied with any means to en
force it, or inflict a penalty for
disobedience. Nay so far from
possessing a power to remove or
punish the refractory officer, they
had only an indirect means of
preventing bis reappointment to
the same office when the term lor
which he was already in office
should have expired. It i con
tended by many that from various
causes the Legislature may fail to
express faithfully the will oflhe
people. Admit it and what then.''
L there one whit more reason to
believe that body in 1830 any
more expressed the public senti
ment than it did in 1834? Was
public opinion any more faithfully
mirrored in the election than in
the instruction of Mr. Mangum?
This honorable gentleman, it is
said, has expressed a willingness
I to be governed by the will of the
ptoplt ! This is all ad Luptiinduin
cuigus. As Cicero said to Can
line, "do you not discover that
your designs are understood?"
The will of the people indeed!
Did the will of the people send
this dignitary to Congress? Will
that will ever be made known in
him in any more plenary form than
it has been done? Every school
boy knows better. Ingenuity,
eloquence and sophistry may ac
complish much; but some men
seem to have mistaken the age in
which they live.
It is told of the great Randolph
of Roanoke, that when he first
look his seat in Congress he was
asked the question how old be
was, it being doubted if he were
constitutionally qualified. "If,"
replied he, "you wish to know
my age, go to my constituents
who sent me here." "Such con
stituents," as he afterwards said,
"as man never hacj before." But
Mr. .Mangum answers, "my con
stituents had a right to elect me,
and after doing that I have no
farther use for them nor they for
me." This is a language not even
tolerated in a member of the Brit
ish House of Commons, ami
strange to say is applauded by
certain modern' Whigs in the
mouth of a U. S. Senator. Oh
temporal oh mortal
Butil is contended that the U.
S. Senate is made sextenni! and
relatively permanent in order that
they may not be subjected to eve
ry popular impulse, whirh has on
some occasions proven dangerous
and even fatal to the body politic.
I bis as an abstract nroposition i
Hue enough. We have only to
refer to the French Revolution,
"the bloodiest picture in the book
of time," and the melancholy
question is more than answered.
If we read ofthe death of Seneca
under the despotism of a Nero,
w e read abo of that of Socrates
under the delusion of a republic.
So too, Mr. Justice Story has elo
quently remarked that ere v'lesar
passed the Rubicon, the fatal mal
ady which superinduced the fall
of Rome and Roman freedom,
was already preying upon her vi
tals. But the admission of this
proposition taken in connexion
with one equally clear, so far
from lurniihiiig an argument for
non-instruclionistSy the argument
is wholly on our side. The lea
rners, ofthe Constitution have not
only thought proper to invest U.
S. Senators with a long term of
service, but have also invested
them with an independence ofthe
popular'will unknown to other le
gislative officers. They have as
signed their appointment to the
Slate Legislatures, where popular
passion and caprice cannot so ea
sily reach them. The members,
of a State Legislature must be
supposed to possess more intelli
gence, more discretion, and be
less subject to sudden gusts of pas
sion than the incautious multitude.
This must be granted, or the be
fore admitted proposition falls to
the ground. Here then it is that
the danger of popular phrenzy be
ing guarded against, instruction
by the Legislature is proper to be
exercised by that body, because
they elect as well for the reasons
before stated, and not by the peo
ple who do not elect and whose
exercise of the right, it is contend
ed, would be attended with dan
ger. I low, I ask, can it be wrong,
for tbe people to elect, and right
for them to instruct or control? or
vice versa, right for the Legisla
ture to elect and wrong for them
to instruct and control? I defy
dl tbe casuistry of Mangum and
ids minions to show me this.
Again: It must be recollected
that though the office of Senator
is septennial, it is not perennial
and for life. If it were intended
that the incumbent should be per
fectly absolute, subject to no con
trol save his own will, the Ameri
can government, would present
the singular anom.ily of a repub
lican people living under a gov
ernment as despotic as a Turkish
Divan, or a Veuitiun Diet. The
only question is, where does the
power to instruct a Senator re
side? It must have "a local hab
itation and a name."- It cannot
be in abeyance or in nubibtis. It
cannot be in the people, because
they have surrendered it. Where
then but in the Legislature? In
deed the power to instruct is as
inseparable from the power to
elect as any cause and its legiti
mate consequence whatever.
CONRAD.
TOR THE TARBORO PRESS.
Rending and the ftijferene of style
and character oj different kinds
oj writing and publications.
No. S.
jYovels. In many respects nov-! indebted for their eminence; Philadelphia, the Rev. Francis
eland historical writings have a!ilisloa higher order of booksjL. Hawks, D. D. late of this
near resemblance, anil are so iUl resources that they were in-i State, was elected a Bishop, and
blended together that it 'Mould be bted for their eminence. Hence ; Kssigm d the episcopal charge of
difficult tracing the dividing line.' novels multiply faster than the Florida, Louisiana and Arkan
In some valuable historical works h01 a,lc' mea,ls which these i sas; in additon to which, it is
there is to be found much novelty, citizens profiled, it is an incontro-j thought he will undertake provi
or more properly speaking fiction;' ve-table evidence that people are jsionally the charge of ihe diocess
and on the other hand, there is of
ten in novels much correct history
and inloi ination. But notwiih
sianding this relation, there is aj
vast dilfereuce in the iwo kinds ofj
writing in general, both as to val
ue and principles on which they
are founded: and this is the found -
ation of the difference. The his- rt :ul al a11 a,ui bow much, and on took place at Norwich, Connec
tovicftl writer aims to give us fans I Una occasions? 1 bbouid answer, Hlil. A large collection ofindi
and a ennect know leu'ge of im-1 1,1,11 vv,, a desire and relish viduals, four or five hundred in
portaut things as ihey have trans-: history, philosophy, or any ; number, attacked ihe Academy
pired. Whih the novel writei ther substantial wot ks, read Mich I.epi by Mrs. Giles Buckingham
seizes on a few generally itnim-j :U1 novels alone. As to him for ijie instruction of negroes, and
(mm taut facts, or a coiueidence'of; wno i,as " desire or pleasure in turned the children about ninety
facts, suppresses such accompany-! reading these sound works, let in number adrift. Mr. Rockwell,
ing facts as he deems may be un-j ,lim Iead novels if be will he the Mayor, has offered a reward
pleasant to the taste of the' reader;! !M( uttler ad them than noih- of 50 for the apprehension of
and exaggerates, and enlarges on inbr; reading novels may cultivate the ,'ioiers.
such parts and in such a way asi
he thinks will b most likely u
amuse and astonish (he credulous
and ignorant reader; and not t:n
freqoently are whole novels manu
factured from an author's imacri
nation, without one fact to stari
upon worth telling to a party of
story-loving school children.
Some novel writers aim wholly at
ihe marvellous and w onderful, and
to e fleet this object fictions most ; thai "to leave weeds standing ts
absurd in themselves have been! bad, but to cut them down arid
.fabricated and lound their way alcave ihtm is a thousand times
the approbation and patronage of j wore. ' The action of the sun on
many reader. , on ihe merits of these cut-down weeds is pestilen-
sublime nod eloquent language, j lial in a high degree; the miasmata
In model ii times and nitionir neo- arisinjf from them will infect!
pie not easily cheated, novel wri
ters seem lo have taken different
grounds and a different course:
with fiction they hav e joi'ied ridi
cule and burlesques on ihe foibles
nod the extravagance of mankind.
This is certainly an improvement
on the novel writing 'system. But
who shall say thai the quality and
quantity of fiction now employed
in the best ot novels does not pro
mote more vice than the good
principles they inculcate do away.
Ii is true a question might arise
as to what constitutes novelsofthe
bes kind: this I shall not under
take to decide, but will put the
limits t such wiitiug as all ac
knowledge to be fictitious. Con
cerning the novels that find pat
ronage and readers in the present
day in the United Stales, there
might many questions arise, such
as the following: what constitutes
the limits between novel and other
writings? is ihe Miction generally
employed in novels of good or
evil tendency? is the light and
glowing style in which they are
written weakening or strengthen
ing to the mind of the readers in
general? all of which and many
others that might be adduced,
admit of various answers and
much speculation. As to the fact
whether novels are extensiveij
patronised and read in this coun
try at the present day or not,
diere is no question. As the say
"ig is, the "pre?s groans under
me weight ol thern, and tlieir j
numbers are rapidly increasing, i
moie so than any other kind of:
v
publications.
Whether it may be inferred
from such a state of things that j Mr. Ranney, ihe Chief Fug-,,
society and morals ate in a slate j neer, is now on his wayloLu
of improvement or degeneracy r rope, with a view to make con
is a question on which there would j tracts for the delivery of iron, and
ilso be various opinions. Yet as
intricate as it may stein, on it I
will venture to give my opinion
but not without backing it with
one reason. My opinion is. that
it is an evidence of a state of,
ucgi-Hciucy, anu ice reason .is
this. It is to eminent statesmen,
clergymen, lawyers, doctors, mer
I chants, mechanics, farmers, and
soldiers, that we are indebted to, !
next to our God, for the liberty
ami prosperity of this country and
the happiness we enjo; and it is
(not to novels that these citizens
becoming averse to arduous slu- i of Alabama. Rev. Jackson Kem
dy, to industry and deep pc . tra-!pir, D D. was also elected a
lion, and are easing themselves j Bishop, and assiuged the episco-
down into the gulph of ruin on
!,,e M, and delusive strains ol
novelty and fi lion.
Were 1 to be asked, whether
i 1 wmild recommend novels to be
,,,s lasle euiignteU some mea-
sure his benighted understanding,
,"urcHdIV"S"""U Ior l,,e,t
ception and enjoyment of more
valuable things.
COMMON SENSE.
Health A writer in the Eliza-
belli City Times of 2(Jlh ult. in
speaking of the causes of sickness
at this season of the year, remarks,
. r .i '
...i...i :.i.i i i- i.-.i: !
the most perfect works, that the
present siate of science and art
w ill admit. When completed,
the time between Nashville and
Mew Orleans will nut exceed
thirty-six hours.
This, by facilitating the mails
and transit of passengers, will
render it, in a commercial point
of view, the most important im
provement ever projected, and in
ase of in vasion, the South may
i'.ive a more prompt resource in
die westctrn militia, as canton
ments iu the vicinity of Nashville,
noo.c ucguuoruoous uou muous 5tated tha, ,he nnfori
malignant fever. Ihe inmnent ous Krier, pOIMTf ofWthCnr
sufier wilh the guilty, for we are (,in:), is Mmv encrarred in orcaniz
so near each other, the malaria s hp m.iiln of T,x,s t(l
apt to engender disease it. a farm- lje
ly mat have scrupulously avoidi d (( j?v pns(
such pralices as in that ofthe;
weed mower himself." ' . m 77 , .
! Death of Matthias. ThU sin-
C?'By our advertising columns ffular and audacious impostor, it
it will be seen that the magnifi- js stated, has ended bis rareer by
cent undertaking, the NW Or- j'""Pm overboard from one of
leans and Nashville Rail Road, is l,ie Jersey city ferry-boats, to
to be -commenced immediately, peiher with a disciple whom he
the firstly miles being adver- had persuaded to accompany him
lb d for contract. " in pnlting to the test his cMms to
The length of the road is : supernatural power. If he were
5C5i miles, estimated to cost not really insane, be must have
$10,0G3.946, including the ma- ( heeu driven to this step by the
chiuery, depots, water sta- Roading f remorse, and the uni
tious, &c. jversal manifestations of popular
W learn that its prejeelors i indignation. ib.
have determined to make it one ofl
where the abundance of provision
and health of the climate are tonal
to any in lire woi hi, ean Le made
for the rendezvous of the Western
Army, and when required, trans-
ferred to the coast at a single day's
j notice.
the examination oflhe machinery
and roads now in use or progress
there.
Should the Virginians deter
mine to connect their contempla-
led James River improvement
w itn tins work, w e may expect to
i travel from Washinirion to New
Orleans in four days, with an ease
and comfort never before contem
plated. Globe.
Episcopal Convention. At the
Convention of the Protestant E-
j piscopal Church recently held in
! pal chaige of Mississippi and In-
diana.
iTfOn Saturday die 29lb ult.
Vve learn thai a serious disturbance
fXThe late Gen. Samuel
Dlaccburnf, of Bath county, in
,hig comnionwea,i liberated his
negroes, 4G in number, by bis last
will, and has charged his estate
- j with the expense of their removal
to Liberia. JVcrfolk Bearon:
j
C7"Mr. Edward C. Young, of
Delaware, is the author ofthe
"sfiai k catcher," a machine lately
invented to catch and dispose of
the sparks (lowing from Locomo-
dve Engines. It is a valuable
invention and is entitled to every
commendation.
Rein born Jlqain. One of
! the Boston papers relates the fol-
lowing anecdote in such a manner
j as to say to every reader, disle-
lieve il if von dare:
A little boy, after listening to a
sermon on the absolute necessity
of being born again to be saved
hereafter, returned home much
afflicted, and with tears in his
eves, told his dear mother; "I did
not like the sermon, and ma, I
don't want to be born over again,
for who knows but I might thea
be Si gal."
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