7F7ioZe JVb. 907.
Tarbttroagk, (Edgecombe County, JV. CJ Suturdty, July 22. is n.
AXY. JVo. 29.
Tic Tarhorough I'rcss,
BY GEORGE HOWARD,
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-ZJ
From the IVashinion Republican.
TO THE FREEMEN
OF THE
Eighth Congressional District of North
Carolina .
continued Jrom last No.)
A prominent measure of I lie Whig Con
gress was the passage of a Bankrupt law.
which authorized debtors to repudiate, a'
will, their honest debts; hut as that meas
ure has already been condemned by public
opinion, in langu ge so strong as to com
pel those who framed and passed it, lo
vote Ms repeal, 1 deem it unnecessary to
T m .
hpro Inovnncn il n.i.ut!,.n .
ivvAr.t, iiijii.-iii c, ui uieiuie raie oi exenange. jor one ot its princi-
deleterious effects it may have had upon j pal source of profit would be the buying
u Sp.u7c,.i, UIUie c.m. miv. it passeojand selling oi exchange. Hut throwing
the Senate by a vote of 26 to 23 but 4iiaide the inexpediency of establishing such
Democrats cntiiior fnr It- nnd t nocol (U . i i . T
Democrats voting for it; and it passed the
House of Representatives by 111 to 105
only 3 Democrats voting for it
1 nere is anot her act which I cannot pass
over in silence. At the extra session of;an,t ii..n.iM;on .k ,i.. r r.i
Congress, the Whig party, in the House of; John Adams. They are whether the Gen
Representatives, professing to act upon j era! Government is strictly limited to the
principles of economy, and to outstrip ! powe.s delegated to it by the Constitution
theirpredecessors-theDemoorats-whomjor whe.lnr, by a latitudinarian construe-
thpu harl en mimk .,l-,,..l . 1 .1.. ... . . .
folio wing resolution, which was adopted
...wj . .UL., uu9mi, jjiuijueu uiu
oy a vote ot 17S to 19:
"Resolved, That the House now pro
u iu me cicciuu oi a printer oi this ed ,ie Constitution-one party, of which
House, for the 27th Congress whose com- Alexander Hamilton was the leader, was
pensation shall be twenty per cent, less for a strong, energetic, Central Govern
than thejoint resolution of 1819." ment, with a President and Senate for life,
lhe House then proceeded to elect a with power to appoint Governors over the
printer, which resulted in the election of St.tes, and to ncgi'ive State law- In a
Gales & Seaton, the Editors of the Nation-1 word, to strip the Stales of all the attrib
al Intelligencer , (iheorg.n of the W big utes of sovereignly, and to make them as
party.) who undertook the printing at the ; dependent on the Central Government as
reduced price. Hut, just at the c lose of they had previously been on lhe crown of
rr ,i I 1 : r r .
me .ast session oi oonRres, the Whigs, hy
a strict party vote agreed to allow to Gales
& Seaton 20 per cent, more than they had
uiiuv.iium.il tu uuinc wuitv iui, mm 10 P"' po wers ol the General Government, to
" "V .? ,han the Democratic party paid ! certain specified objects 0f45enf-r.il concern,
Blairfc Rives the Congress before. Thus ani to ieave to the States all the powers not
votinginto the pockets ol their Whig Edi- j ,U1S delegated. This p .rtyp.evailed in
tors an extra allowance of Ihirtj or forty ,he Co vention, and such was the wise
thousand dollars; & nearly that much more jealousy of power by the patriots of the rev
than the Democratic party paid to iitair & olutioi ihat it is certain that no other Con
Kives for similar work. "This is Whig "stitution would have been ratified by the
economy with a vengeance!" people. For a consolidaf d governn.ent,
Anattempt was made by the Whig par- ! over a country as extensive as ours, all a.l
ty, at the last Congros, to destroy that ; mi, ,0 be incompatible with civil liberty.
great conservative principle in the (.onsti-;
tution the velo power which they de
nounce as the one mn n power. It is no
more the one man power than the House
of Representatiues, or the Senate of the U;
nited States, where important measures are
often passed or rejected by the vote of a
single member. The present obnoxious
tarifflaw would not have passed the House
of Representatives had my opponent voied
against it. The veto power operates only
as a check upon hasty legislation; and
merely suspends the action of Congress
until a measure can be fully di-russed, and
Well understood, and can never be exerci
sed by the President so as to oppress the
people. I therefore consider it to be a
great conservative power, and I am oppo
sed to its being either abridged or abolish
ed. I am opposed to a National or U. States
uank, both upon the grounds of inexpedi
ency and constitutionality. Experience
has proved that it is neither necessary to
rrS'jlate the currency nor exchanges of the
country; for without the aid of a United
k'a'esBank, most of the State Hanks have
resumed specie payments the currency
greatly improved, and the impression upon
lne minds of many that such an institution
was necessary to regulate exchange has been
rmoved. The tables of domestic ex
change in New York, establish the fact,
'hat without tho ;a r iTr,;Q.i
1 jiiii
"ank, the exchanges of the country have
een restored to a healthy condition. The
u in ami, uuili
Journal of Commerce says:
"The exchanges of the country are res
tored to a specie basis with the single ex
cepiion of Alabama. Our table of Tlomes
tic exchanges, therefore, which we have
kept standing for five years past, has lost
its honor and its use. The regulation
which exist in the nature of things pos
sess a power, to restore order beyond that
f any other regulators which have been in
vented. Here the rreat tirininlpa whini,
i we had foolished rpiiirt tr .... ...... .i: .
J -w rv uij will ui."-
r 1 ! i . '
uiwcicu jimis, and see what perfect work
they have made! The exchanges of this
country were never in so good a state as
now. The rates of discount are exceeding
ly small, and the facilities of collecting and
remitting as good as can be desired. More
and better than all, the exchanges, in their
present arrangement, cannnt. he thrn,n,.
out of order."
In the face of these facts, why should
we hear any complaints about exchanges
and the necessity of regulating them
fhese complaints come not from the people
themselves, but the politicians of the coun
try who wish to control the people If a
United States Hank could afford a onrren
cy equal to gold and silver, would it have
the effect to raise the value of depreciated
local bank paper to par? If so, it would ef
fect more than it did in the days of its grea
test prosperity, for the prices of bank
noies, from the year IS18 to 182S, were at
a much greater discount than at present.
I'he value of heal, a well as other bink
piper, must always be regulated by the ca
pucity of the banks themst Iveto redeem in
specie; and if the notes of a United States
Hank were equal to gold and silver, it
would require as much of your local or
State Hank paper to procure them as it
woidd the gold and silver itself. And in
stead of a United States Hank regulating
exchanges so as to reduce the rate, its whole
energy and strength would be exerted to
depreciate Mate Hank notes and increase
w.wuilllll
i r i n ...
an institution, where, let me ask, is the
power granted in the Constitution to cstab
lish a bank? The questions now at issue.
are thesame as were between the Federa
t,on, it may exercise any nowers which
the interests or the paeons of a dominant
majority may dictate? These parties had
fieir origin in the Convention which fram-
Great Hritain. The other party, of which!
. , he opinions of Mr. Jefferson may be con-!
leered the exponent, was for limiting the'
Foiled in the Convention in carrying their
favorite consolidating and monarchical
schemes, the Federal puty have constantly
endeavored to extend the powers ol the
General Government, by construction and
implication; and have succeeded in exerci
sing powers unwarranted in the Constitu
tion. Some, indeed, which it is now
known the Con vention directly refused to
grant as the power to grant charters of in
corp iration, which was proposed in Con
vention, and rejected on the ground that it
would confer on Congress the power to es-tabli-dia
Hank. It is in this way that they
derive the power to establish a National Hank
a splendid system of Roads and Canals
throughout the United Siates, and a Pro
tective Tariff none of which are expressly
granted in the Constitution, or derivable
front it by any fair rules of construction.
The power to lay and collect taxes, du
ties ant impos's, is restricted to specified
objects, viz: to pay the debts and provide
for the common defence and general wel
fare of the United States. Alexander
Hamilton, in his report on manufactures,
did maintain that Congress might grant
bounties on them out of the Treasury, un
der the clause to provide for the general
welfare; and, indeed, as far as Constitution
al power is concerned, there can be but lit
tle difference between making donations to
manufacturers directly out of the Treasury,
or nutting the same amount in their nock-
ets, by means of a protective tariff. Such
a sweeping construction given to these
words would at once subvert all the barri
ers which were so cautiously erected in the
Constitution, to guard the rights of the'
states, ana would make the General Gov
ermentas omnipotent as the British Parli
ament. What power might not Congress
exercise, under pretext of the gpneral wel
fare, and which can be effected by the ap
propriation of money? Might they not!
tax you to carry out the mad project of A-!
bolition so often introduced in the halls of
legislation by John Quincy Adams, that j
malignant revilerof the South and her in-1
stitutions? Might they not tax you to pay!
the two hundred millions of dollars, which
some of the Slates now owe on account of
debts contracted for internal improvements
and banking?
The Southern States are the weaker por
tion of the Union, and it is absolutely es
sential to their safety, that their co-partners
in the Government should be held to
a stiict construction of the Constitution, or
it way be wielded to oppress them. Can
it be denied, that the action of the General
Government, heretofore, has been'fatally
oppressive to the South? Heavy contribu
tions have been levied on Southern labor
by a high tariff for the benefit of Northern
Manufacturing capitalists the public mon
ey has been mostly disbursed there; and is
it a matter of wonder, that there should be
such a contrast in the prosperity of the two
regions? The richest bounties of a benifi
cent providence could not withstand the
blighting influence of such partial legisla
lion.
Hut, besides the unconstitutionality of a
National Hank, its corruptions, the danger
of placing such a tremendous power as that
of supplying a paper currency for the
whole country, in a corporation of individ
uals ;iss ciated together for the purpose of
speculation and making money, and giving
them the power to expand and contract the
circulation at will a power which Mr.
.Jefferson pronounced most deadly hostile :o
liberty and the principlesof our government
there is another view of it to which, as
Southern men, I would entreat your most
serioi s consideration. This bank must be
owned at the North; for there is concentra
ted the capital and trade of the country; and
there arc the persons who are to own and
manage it. Can it be doubted that it will
he wielded lo promete the particular in
terest of that section, though at the sacri
fice of the South. Mr. Biddle said there
were few State Hanks which the United
States Hank could not destroy by an exer
tion of its power. The control over your
currency, then, would not only be placed
in the hands of those who have no sympa
thy with you, but whose interests may be
directly adverse to yours. Is this a condi
tion for Freemen? May not exigencies
arise when this power may be wielded with
fatal effects to your int r-sts? In view of
these ami other objections, i' does seem to
me. that nothing hort of infatuation can
induce the people ol" the South voluntarily
to put on the s uckles of a National Hank.
As to the question of Internal Improve
ment by the General Government, it is lia
ble to objections scarcely less weighty than
those to the Tariff. It is a power not
granted by the Constitution, nor is it ne
cessary and proper to car ry into effect any
of the granted powers. Its advocates
themselves do not agreeas to what part of
the Conxtitution to refer it. Sometimes it
is claimed under the power to establish
Post-rojds sometimes the war making
power sometimes from the power to reg
ulate commerce. Mr. Clay, in 1811, in
his speech against the renewal of the char
ter of the Hank, called the power to create
a Hank k,a vagi ant power, wandering
throughout the whole Constitution in quest
of some congenial spot to fasten upon."
The remark is equally applicable to the
power of Internal Improvement, unless it
is claio.ed under the "general welfare"
doctrine, which would lead us into consoli
dation, and do away entirely with the Con
stitution, which we vainly thought had de
fined and secured our rights and liberties,
by barriers which our rulers could not
transcend. Hy the Constitution, "all pow
ers not granted to the General Government
are reserved to the people or the States;"
but if this doctrine is to prevail, we see
how utterly worthless is the principle of
written Constitutions, (which heretofore
has been our boast.) to secure the liberties
of a people against usurpation and tyranny.
Mr. Clay, in the speech alluded to, also
laid down the correct rule of interpreting
the Constitution in regard to implied pow
ers. That the power claimed as inciden
tal to a specified power, should be congeni
al with, and obviously flow from if that
the incidental power ought to be strictly
subordinate andjimited to the end proposed
to be attained by the specified power. In
other words, under the name of accom
plishing one object vhich is specified, the
power implied ought not to be made to em
brace other objects which are not spe
cified in the Constitution. That it is
mockery, worse than usurpation, un
under pretext of effecting a lawful object,
to accomplish other objects which are not
lawful that the relation and condition ol
principle and incident should not be pros
trated and destroyed,
nublican doctrine.
1
which Republicans have always contended
for It is the doctrine of the Virginia
Resolutions of '9 and 99, (which led to
the overthrow of John Adams and the Ali
en and Sedition Federalists.) which have
always been considered orthodox by Re
publicans, and obj' cted to only by Federal
ists;and it. is the doctrine of the ( onstitu'
tion. Mr Clay was at that time an anient
Republic in, but he his since fallen into all
the heresies of the H imiltonian Federal
ists, and been foremost in violating the
correct rules of construction laid down by
himself. Hut if Cong'es -iid possess the
power to adopt a general system of In
ternal Improvement, the exercise of it
would be inexpedient and dangerous. The
public money is paid into the Treasury by
the people of all the States, and it would be
the heigbi of injustice to take it to make
Roads and Canals; the benefits of which
must necessai ily be chit fly local. What
possible benefit to the people of Nor'h Car
olina, would it be for t''e General Govern
ment to make a Road or Canal in Illinois.
or Michigan? wh'ch, perh tps, would never
be seen by one of you Even the famous
Maysville Road, which was vetoed by
General .Jackson, was that of any na
tional importance, more than a Road any
wheri1 eise? This system had i's origin in
a combination between the West and the
North the West, with a vast extent offer
tile soil, shutout from the Atlantic by high
mountains, wanted expensive Raads and
Canals made by the General Government,
to enable them to carry their products to
the Atlantic cities the North wanted -i
Tariff to protect their manufacturer
the Tarifi was to raise the money with
which these splendid works were to be
made. It is well known that the constitu
tional opinions of Mr. Monroe, were oppo
sed to these works, for he even vetoed a
bill to establish Toll Ga;es on the Cumber
land Road, to collect enough from the tra
vel and use of the road to keep it in repair.
Hut on the accession of John Quincy A-
dams to the Presidency, with Clay for his
prime minister, a new turn was given to
the administration of affairs. These gen
tlemen hail no constitutional scruples. En
gineers were traversing the cou ntry in all
directions, making survey s and reconnoi-
sances, and works were projected in
short time that it would cot a hundred mil
lions of dollars to execute. Fortunately
for the country, that administration was
overthrown by the voice of the people.
And had not the system been arrested by
General Jackson, hy the veto, (a power
which the Whigs ate now zealous to des
troy,) it is impo-sible to tell to what an
enormous amount the public debt would
now be. For these sanguine calculators
would not have been content with the slow
process ol t.x .tion. They7 would have an
ticipated the taxes by Joans. Mr. Clay
contended lh.it posterity would not com
plain of a debt contracted lor Internal Im
provements, because the bcncliis would
descend to them with the debt. That the
debt would descend to them is certain
but the promise of bent tits w ould most pro
bably be delusive We have had son e
experience in these things since that time.
As General Jackson's veto cut off all hopes
of t'.eir being able 10 saddle thee burthens
on the General Government, the Slates un
dertook them themselves, and wh;t has
been the reult? Why, the works have
generally been entiiely profitless, and the
money vested in them by States and indi
viduals entiiely sunk. Nothing can be
more delusive than the estimate of Civil
Engineers of the benefits to result from ' idea that be held an opinion similar to
public works, previous 10 their commence-J those promulgated in th celebrated Ox
ment. They always make a captivating ; fnrd Tracts, and for which Dr. Pusev has
display on paper lo induce the necessary
appropriation or subscription; but in the
end it is generally found that all the money
invested has been lost to the holders, and
that the Engineers and contractors are the
only gaineis. The patronage of the Pres
ident, already too great, would be vastly
increased in letting out jobs and contracts,
and employing a host of officers, engineers,
contractors, toll-gatherers and superintend
ents. The manner in which it would be
used to operate on whole communities and
Slates, for political and parly purposes, is
too obvious and humiliating to be dwelt on.
Nothing could possibly be contrived so ef
fectually to degrade the sovereign States
into humble suppliants to the Federal Gov
ernment to unnerve opposition to the
encroachments of power to break down
the proud, independent and virtuous feel
ings of our people, and to render the al
ready overweening power and patronage
of the government fatal to our libeities. A
disgraceful scramble for the publje money
would ensue in which, as Mr." Jefferson
said, the meanest would get most. What
part do you think the long proscribed, but
as yet, high minded South, would receive:
Peihaps a sop might occasionally be
thrown to them, but the lion's share would
be borne off by more populous and strong
regions.
1 am in favor of an economical expendi
ture of the public money, not pretended to
This is good R -1 win power and then abuse it, bu? for econ
It is the doctrinelomvin fact andtruth, because it is necessary
for the saf tv of our institutions republi
licin and right in i'self. Every officer of
the government is an agent having a trust
committed to his care for the people's ben
efit, and should b;; held lo the strie'est ac
countability, and made honestly to dis
charge his duty- LK us then adopt and
act on the motto inscribed on the Demo
cratic Hanner: Free Trade Low Duties
No Debt Separation from Ranks E
conomy R fenchment ad a stiict ad
herence to the Constitution."
Repoetf dly, jour ob't serv't,
ARCH'LD H. A R RIM) TON.
Hilliaudston, Na-h County,
June 24lh, 1S43. $
Sudden Deaths. We have h ird of se
veral very sudden and unexpected deaths
in our County during the past we; k.
Mrs. Hrite, wife of Mr. Charles Hriie, a
farmer of this County, died without the
least apparent illness. Mr. H had been
to this place on business, and returned
home about sunset When he rode up in
he yard, he saw his w ife pass from the
kitchen to the house, attending to her do
mestic avocilions. He stopped in the
yard for a few moments to unsaddle his
horse, when one of his children ran to him,
and told him his mother was groaning.
He immediately went in the houe, and
found he lying on the bt?d perfectly dead.
Moses Ov rton, a fiee black, had been
to. a reaping, and working against srme
cither hinds employed in cutting, had over
exerted himself. While returning home
he became perfectly deranged, commenced
acting in the most fantastic manner, fell in
the road, and instantly expired.
Elizabeth City Old North State.
Excilimr Ordination Scene in the E-
piscopal Church. Eleven young men
were, on Suniay, ordained at St Stephen's
church, by the Rev. Bishop Onderdonk.
The service was read by the Rev. Dr. Her
rien, and the sermon was preached by the
Hishop. After he had concluded, the elev
en candidates stood around the altar, when
he announced, as it is customary, that he
was about to ordain them, and requesh l
that if there were any person or perscus
who had any objections to make, or knwr
aught against them, they would now an
nounce the same. A moment of silence
ensued, when the Rev. Hugh Smith, of St.
Peter's, rose in the middle aisle, and stated
that be had by letter yesterday informed
the Hishop that he should protest against
the ordination of one of the candidates,
Mr. Carey, in consequence of his holding
opinions favorable to romanism; and be
did now accordingly protect. When he
sat down, the Rev. Mr. Ar.thon, of St.
Mark's church in this city, who had been
sitting in the same pew wiih Mr. Smith,
also rose, and in like manner protested
against the ordination of Mr, Carey, for
the same reason.
Hishop Onderdonk staled that he had
received the objections of the Rev. gentle
man, and had in consequence appointed six
competent and worthy persons to examine
into the charge which had been made
against Mr. Carey, and .hat they had unan
imously reported to him that it was un
founded, and that alo was his own convic
tion, and that iV should proceed lo ordain
all the candidates. He then commenced
reading the prayer, and during the ceremo
ny, Messrs. Smith and Anthon both arose
and left the church.
it is supposed that the objectiors to the
ordination of Mr. Carey arose from
the
been recently suspended in England. It
is indeed a continuation of the same con
troversy which has divided the Episcopal
church on the other side of the Atlantic.
N. Y. Express.
fJJThe Sou'hern Literary Messenger
has been purchased by Mr. Benjamin Mi
nor, a young lawyer of this city. Mr. M.
has the reputation of being a good scholar
and writer, and as he intends to devote a
"good portion of his time to its interests,
we have no doubt that it will well sustain
its ptesent high standing.
Richmond Herald.
(JpThe steam ship Columbia, which
sailed from Boston on the 1st inst., with
85 passengers, and a crew of 73, was
wrecked on Sunday afternoon, the 2nd, on
Black Ledge reef, near Seal Island. AH
the passengers and crew were saved. The
weather was foggy, and the ship was run
ning at the rate of 10 miles per hour. The
vessel is lost. H was insured in England
to the amount of 50,000. ib.
(JpThe Locust? are said to be very nu
merous in some places in the Northern and
Middle States. They have' not done as
vet much damage to vegetation, but one or
two deaths have been recorded as proceed
ing from their bite, which is represented
as poisonous. - ,