1'
Whole .Vo. 91 4L
Tarborongh, Edgecombe County, .V. f. Saturday, lpril C, 1 811.
10 J. XT. .Vo. 14.
7
3 Pil
T2ic TaWioroiiffh Press,
Br Ueorge Howard. Jr.
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2ffi!S3KS,2s
SONG OF THE AMERICAN EA
GLE.
BY A LADY OF VERMONT.
I buiM my nest on thp mountain crest,
Whpre wild winds rock my eaglets to ret;
Where the lightnings flash and the thun
ders crish,
And the roaring torrents foam and dash:
For my spirit Tree shall henceforth be
A type for the son of Liberty.
Aloft I fly, from my eyrie high:
From the vauhed dome of the azure sky;
On a sunbeam bright take my air flight,
And float in a 'flood of liquor light;
For I love to play in the noonti e ray,
And bask in a blaze from the throne ol
day.
Away 1 spring with a tireless wing;
In the feathery cloud I poise and swing;
1 dart down the steep where the lightning
leap,
And the clear blue canopy slowly sweep;
For dear to me is the revelry
Of a free and fearless liberty.
1 love the land where the mountains sland
Like the watchtowtrs high of a patriot
band
For I may not bide in my glory and pride
Though the land be ever so fair snd wide;
Where luxury reigns o'er .vuluptuous
plains,
And fetters the free born soul in chains.
Then give to me in my flight to see
The land of the Pilgrims ever free,
And 1 ne'er will roam from the haunts 1
love,
But watch, from my sentinel track above
Your banner free, over land and sea,
And exult in your glorious destiny.
Oh, guard yc well the land where I dwell,
Lest to future times the tale I tell,
When slow expires in smouldering fires
The goodly heritage of your sires,
For Freedom's light rose clear and
bright
From fair Columbia's beacon height,
M lli ye quenched the flame in a starless
night.
Then will I tear from your pennon fair
The stars ye set in triumph there!
My olive branch on the blast I'll hunch,
The fluttering stripes from the flag staff
wrenchr
And away I'll tVe, for I scorn to see
A craven race in the Land of the Free.
Brandon, F., January, IS 14.
FOtt THE TAUBORO' PRESS.
Marl.
Mr. Editor: As the attention of our far
mers, seems to he attracted to the subject
of Marling, it may not be improper to in
sert in the Press, an extract from the Far
mer's Register for 1836. Besides its great
fertilizing effect, its advantages to health
may be considered as second only in im
portance. Hy giving this a place in your
paper, you will confer a favor on one who
feels a great interest in the improvement
of Edgecombe soil. Agkicola.
Healthiness produced by Marling.
"The results of marling may be consid
ered in a point of view more elevated, and
8till more important, than that of fertility
which it gives to the soil: they may per
haps have much influence on the heaitbi
less of the country where it becomes a gen
eral practice.
It is known that, the calcarious principle
if one of the most powerful agents to resist
(putrefac'ion. Il is employed to make
'healthy, places inhabited by men and ani
Jnajs, in which sickness or contagion is
found; it serves to neutralize the emana
hons o dead bodies undergoing putrefac
tion; it destroys the deleterious effects
which escape from privies, andwhich
sometimes cause the death of those who
are employed to cleanse them.
U even seems that calcarious countries
flre only unhealthy when they are inter
spersed by marshes, or when some causes,
foreign to the soil and climate, determine
he tinhealthiness, as in countries on the
"orders of the sea, where the flowing of
lhe tide, and the mingling of salt and fresh j
Wa,ers, infect the air by deleterious ema-!
Uoqs of their combination. In the val
leys of rivers bordered by Calcarious moun
tains, Which enclose unhealthy countries in
the interior, insalubrity commences there
only as the edeanous soil, which is nttaeh
ed to the mountain, gives place to silicious
sou. in the same n -un ami P.- r..
. ...... ,,,, uiH ,i
mountain, salubrity is seen to diminish in
i ne same proportion that the calcarious soil
of the surface does.
For the support of this system, we alo
cite the ponds of Herri on calcarious soil,
whose emanations h ive nothing unhealthy:
the laying dry of the ponds IVracay, "in
he canton of Ligivires, has added nothing
lo the healthiness of a calcarious country
naturally healthy. And in the same c;m
on, the pond of Villiers, which is said to
he seven leagues in circumference, docs not
cause disease on its borders. Besides, du
ring the month of August, the water of tne
ponds on calcarious soil does not become
blackish, as often happens in silicious
ponds. The water would then be made
wholesome by the caharious princip'e, in
the same way as their emanations. With
out pretending to explain, entirely, facts so
remarkable, we will, however, observe.
th.it the calcarious element, possessing a'
great force for combining with the principles
which are encountered in the soil, may ve
ry well hinder the formation, or hasten the
decomposition, in the bosom of ihe earth T
'hese substances so liitle known, which,
hiving become volatile and breathed by
man, or acting in every other manner on
his or&ns, dispose him to receive disease
Tlu-se deleterious substances, which infect
the air of unhealthy countries, can take
their rise only from the ground; for the
soil alone distinguishes an unhealthy coun
try from the neighboring regions which are
healthy. All other circumstances of the
atmosphere, temperature, its var ial ions, and
climate, ate common to bo'h; the unheal
thy country is constantly exchanging its vi
tiated air lor the pure air ol its neighbors.
It follows then of couts", that the unheal
thy exhalations of the soil should he con
stantly renewing the injurious principle
which beneficial winds tend to carry eise-
whete.
We will add that this calcarious princi
ple possessing a great force of absorption
on the constituent parts of the atmosphere,
may seize on the deleterious principles
themselves, which will have escaped its In
terior action, and decompose Inem for the
nrofit of vegetation; that this principle, as
we have heretofore seen, by making vege
tation more active, increases the force of
absorption of planls, and favors the ad
vancement of liguminous plants which live
principally at the expense of the atmos
phere; that this vigorous vegetation, as it
is known, to make ihe air healthy; either
by emissions of oxygen, or by the absorp
tion of carbonic, or by some other means,
which nature has kept a secret. .
We will remark again, that the waters
which spting from calcarious mountains,
and which ate more or less charged with
the calcarious principle, conveyed over
marshy meadows, invigorate them, and
make liguminous plants and grasses grow
there Calcarious waters, then make the
soil healthy, and the soil made healthy in
its productions, will be likewise so in its
emanations. Besides, the soil loo moist
under cultivation, ns we have seen before,
is found invigorated by Marl; its products
become those of healthy soils; Wafers th3t
remain there, are thcie also modified, as
well as the soil. In moistening the marled
soil, these waters are charged, more or less
with the calcaiious principle, which they
transmit with I tie s ip to vegetables; they
are then, themselves ma!3 healthy and ca
pable of giving health, since they become
favorable to vegtation, instead of being
unfavorable, as before marling.
It would be an insufficient opposition to
say. that a small addition of calcarious
principle to the soil could tiot affect the ge1
neral unhealthiness of the countrv ; on the
contrary, it seems that this ought to he the
most active means that could be employed;
for, we have seen before, that the deleteri
ous exhalations, which are mixed in the
air that we breathe, and which infect il un
der the gaseous form, proceed from the
soil; and we ought to think that it is from
he upper or cultivated layer, because the
lower, which the waW could not penetrate,
could no moie give passage to the gaseous
emanations. Besides, we cannot imagine
an action more direct and more intimate,
than that of Marl on ploughed land. One
conceives that it can attack the unhealthy
principle in the soil as well, and in the
same manner, as lime water, or slacked
lime, destroys them, in habitations, or dead
bodies, and in privies. These great effects
are produced by a single arid superficial ap
plication, while the addition of Marl is
made, and acts on every part of the plough
ed land; and it is in their own laboratory,
before they can be formed, and even in
their elements, that the principles of insa
lubrity are attacked. In short, the calcari
ous principle which changes the nature and
productions of all the vegetable mould,
ought necessarily to change the combina
tions, and modify the elements of them.
The emanations of the soil, which are the
result of these combinations, ought then to
change also; and these emanations ought
to cease being unhealthy, because the gen
eral and known effect of the Calcarious
principle is to' give health. I he opinion,
hat considers the calcarious principle and
consequently Marl, as one of the great cau
ses of health, although it may not have yei
received its sanction from the experience
or discussion of enlightened men, is then,
not only supported by conjectures, which
explain and render it probable, but is also
founded on facts; which give it to all ap
pearance, a great degree of certaint v. It
would then be under the double report of
salubrity and fertility, that we can consid
er the introduction of Marl into a Country
like ours. This double end ought to sus
tain our efforts and we would reap, from
our labor, a sufficient recompense, if v
could aid in inducing the introduction of
Marl into this important but unhealthy
portion of our country. No one doubts, 41
the first glance, that Marl is suitable to al
most all the extent of the unhealthy roun
'ry; its soil is almost all entirely moist and
argo silicious in composition; on which
Marl displays the greatest activity.
We ought not to conclude on this sub
jct, without observing that Marl, to di
minish sensibly unhealthiness in the whole
of a country, ought probably to be ex'end
rd to a great part of its surface. The Mail
of each farm would cause a diminution of
unhealthiness, according to what we think
for that property itsdf and its inhabitants;,
but they would still s-ifferfrom the unheal
thy emanations of the neighboring places,
which had not been marled. Salubrity
would increase in proportion as the general
marling would inciease; and wh-rrlhe
whole surface would expei ience the bene
fits of Marl, then, with the healthiness
which would preserve individuals for labor
and increase of the population, with the fe
cundity which would offer the greatest pro
ducts without being obliged to increase the
labor, we would see the Country advancing
J rapidly towards a better future. Then, bv
the force of things, and at the same time
that the marling would develop its results,
we would come to the draining of ihe grea
ter part of the swamps, which would be the
only remaining source of unhealthiness."
LETTER FROM GEN. JACKSON.
Hermitage, Feb. 12, 1S44.
Hon. A. V. Brown:
My Dear Sir: Yours of the 23d ult. his
been received, and with.it the Madisonian,
containing Governor Gilmer's letter on the
subject of the annexation of Texas to the
U. Slates.
You are not mistaken in supposing thai I
have formed an opinion on this interesting
subject. It occupied much of my attention
during mv presidency, and I am sure has
lost none of its importance by what has
since transpired.
Soon after my election in 1S29, it was
made known to me by Mr. Erwin, for
merly our minister at the court of Madrid,
that whilst at that court he had laid the
foundation of a treaty with Spain for the
cession of the Floridas. and the settlement
of the boundary of Louisiana, fixing the
western limit of the latter at the Rio
Grande, agreeably to the understanding of
riauce that he had written home to our
government for powers to complete and
sign this negotiation: but that, instead of
icceiving such authority, the nrgolialion
was taken out of his hands and transferred
to Washington, and a new treaty was there
concluded, by which the Sabine. & not the
Rio Grande, Was recognized and establish
ed a the boundary of Louisiana.
Finding that these statements were true,
and that our government did really give up
that important territory, when it was at its
option to retain it, I was filled with aston
ishment. The right to the territory was
obtained from b ranee: Spain stood ready
to acknowledge it to the Rio Grande: and
yet the authority asked by our minuter to
insert the true boundary was not only
witnneio, out in lieu oi it, a limit was
adopted which stripped us of the whole of
the vast country lying between the two
rivers.
On such a subject, I thought with the
ancient-Romans, that it was rignt never
to edde any land or boundary of the repub
lic, but always to add to it by honorable
treaty, thus extending the area of freedom;
and il was in accordance with this feeling
that I gave our minister lo Mexico instruc
tions to enter upon a negotiation for the
retrocession of Texas to the United Stales
This negotiotion failed, and I shall ever
regret it as a misfortune to both Mexico
and the United States. Mr. Gilmer's let
ter presents many of the considerations
which, in my judgment, rendered the step
necessary to the peace and harmony of the
two countries; but the point in at that time,
'That this boundary could have beer,
htained, was doubtless the belief of our
minister in Spain; but the offer of the Span
ish government was probably the ( olora
do certainly aline far west of the Sabine.
which most strongly impelled me to the,
course I pursuer1, was the injustice done to
us by the surrender of the territory, when
it was obvious that it Could have been re-j
sained without increasing the consideration
after wards given for the Floridas. I could
not but feel that the surrender of so vast
and important a territory whs -attributable;
io an erroneous estimate of the tendency of
our institutions, in which there was min-j
gled somewhat of jealousy to the rising
greatness of the south and West, j
Hut I forbear to dwell on this part of the
history of this question. It i past, and
cannot now be undone. We can noV on
ly look at it as one of annexation, if Texas
presents it to us; and if she does, I do not
hesitate to say that the welfare and happi
ness of our Union require that it should be
accepted.
If in a military point of view alone, the
question be examined, it will he found lo
'e most important to the United Sia'.es to
be in possession of that territory.
Great Bntian has already made tredies
with I'tXas; and we know that farsecing
nation never omits a circumstance in her
xtensive intercourse with the world,
chilli can be turned lo account in increas
ing her military resources. May she n'ot
Miter into an alliance with Texas? and re
serving (is she doubles will) the north
western buundary q-us'ion as a caue of
war witn us whenever she chooses to de
clare it, let us suppose thai, as an ally with
Texas, we are to -tight hei ! Pr epirfitory to
sucb a movement, she send her 20,000 or
30.000 men to Texas; organizes them en
the Sabine, where her supplies and arms
can be concent i ateti before we have even
notice of htr intentions; makes a lodge
uient on the Mississippi; excites the ne
groes to insurrection; the lower country
lalls, and with it New Orleans and a scrub
war rages through the whole south and
wist.
In the mean while he is also moving an
army along ihe upper western frontier I mm
Canada, which, in co-operation with the ar
my from 'Texas, sj reads ruin and havoc
from the Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.
Who can estimate the national loss we
may sustain, before such a movement could
be repelled with such force as we could or
ganize on short noiiec?
Remember that 'Texas borders upon us,
on our west, to 42 degrees of north lati
tude, and is our southern boundary to the
Pacific. Ren. ember, also, thai if annexed
to the United Slates, our western bounda
ry would be the Rio Grande, which is of
itself a fortification, on account of its ex
tensive, barren, and uninhabitable plains
W ith such a bnrrier on our west, we are
invincible. 'The whole European world
could not, in combination against us, make
an impression on our Union. Our popts
lation on the pacific would rapidly inciease,
and soon be sirong enough for the protec
tion of our eastern whaleis, and, in the
w cm st event, could always be sustained by
timely aids from the in'ermediale country .
From the Rio Grande, over land, a
large army could not march, or be suppli
ed, unless from ihe gulf by water, which,
by vigilance, could alw;ijs he intercepted;
and, to march an army near the g"'if. they
could be harassed by militia, and de'ainrid
until an organized force could be raised to
meet them.
Hut I am in danger of running into an
unnecessary detail, which my debility will
not enable me to close. 'The question is
full of interest, also, as it eff cts our domes
tic relations, and a it may hear upon thus"
of Mexico .to us. 1 will not undertake to
follow it out to i:s consequences in those
respects; though I must say that, in all its
aspects, the annexation of Texas to the U-
nited States promises to enlarge the circle
of free institutions, and is essential to the
United States, particularly as lessening the
probabilities of future collision with for
eign poweis, and giving them greater effi
ciency in spreading the blessings of peace.
1 return you my thanks for your kind
letter on this subject, and subscribe myself,
with gieat sincerity,
Yourfiicnd and obedient servant,
ANDREW JACKSON.
P. S The papers furnished me by Mr.
Erwin, to which I have referred in this
letter, can be placed in your possession, if
desired. A. J.
From the Mudisonian.
INTEREST I NO CORRESPOND
ENCE. Letter from the President of the United
Slules to General Jackson.
Washington, Feb. 16, 1844.
Dear Sir I take great pleasure in enclo
sing a copy of ihe act for your relief from
the fine imposed by Judge Hall; which
passed Ihe two Houses, and was approved
by myself on the same instant that the
committee presented it lo me. Strongly
impressed with the justice of the measure,
I did not hesitate, in my annual message at
he opening of Congn ss, to urge it upon
that hotly; and it has afforded me no ordi
nary salisfaelion to affix to it my approval.
Permit me, my dear Sir, to present to
you my cordial congratulations at this act
of justice, anil this new proof of the high
estimate which your country places upon
your valuable services at a time when the
stoutest hearts entertained serious appre
hensions for the safeiy of New Orleans.
Nothing is now left upon her judicial rec
ords to sully in any degree the glory of the
memorable defence of ihat city. That you
may live long lo enjoy ti e constantly in
creasing tokens of public esteem, is my
sincere prayer.
I renew to you assurance of mv highest
respect. JOHN TYLER.
Letter from General Jickson in repfj.
Hermitage Feb. 27, 1S44.
My dear Sir: Although greatly afiTicted
and tlehilitated, so tbat I can scarcely
wield my pen, I cannot forego an attempt
to acknowledge the receipt of your very
kind letter of the loth instant, which is
received and now before me, with ihe copy
of the act which passed the two Houses of
Congress, ami was so promptly approved
bv you, restoring the urjot fine imposed
by .ludge Hall. 'The kind expression you
have b en pleased to employ in conveying
them receives, as it deserves, a tender of
my gra'eful thanks.
I feel grateful to my country for the un
solicited appeal to Congress to perform this
act of justice to me. I feel gr ateful to
von, sir, for your bringing to the notice of
Congress, in your official message, the jus
lice of removing the stain upon my charaC
er by the imposition of this unjust fine,
for using the only means in my power to
ue fend the city of New Oilcans, by decla
i ing martial law, which the jtulge, when
(lectured, approved with uplifted hands
si) ing: -Now the Count ty may be saved
without it, it was lost." And for thi,'
ct, the judge, -sitting in his own cause, ',
and refusing lo hear my defence, tendered 1
under his own rule, imposed this fine.
I feel grat ful to Congr ess for removing
th's unjust imputation on my memory, by
she passage of the act you have enclosed
me; and with these grateful feelings, 1 am
now prepared logo hence whenever an all
wise Providence may will it, witaout re
grets of at y kind, but with overflowing
gratitude to the American people lor li.9
generous support they have yielded me
through all the official stations to which
i hey have been pleased to call me.
I have just received from that faithful
and trust worthy officer of yours, Mr. Mc
Chntock Young, his letter of the 7"h, and
one irom the Secretary of the Treasury
ad ising me that the amount of the fine,
&c. &c. would be remitted me al Nash
ville, so soon as the wariant passes the
usual foim. For tins evidence of your
kindness, 1 again thank you.
Very respectfully, I remain your most
obedient servant.
ANDREW JACKSON
United Slates Jlrrny.vonx a report
just published, it appears that the regular
amy of the country consists of 8000 men,
and ccsts tl e ration the anrual sum of
eight million of dollars. 'This would be
oi e thousand dollars fur each man. The
pay of a pi ivate is given at ninety-six dol
lars per annum, and his clothing and ra
rions would perhaps amount to about as
much more, making about two hundred
dollars per annum. 'The pay and expenses
ef U e officers, is staled at about two mil
lions, leaving about five millions of dollars
for ihe expense of the War Department,
the salaries of the Secretary of War, and of
the Indhm and Pension Departments,
Clerks, &c.
1 tap Year. The Editor of tbe Tem
perance Herald, (published at Camden, S.
C ) on the first day of its appparance, an
nounced lo his fair readers that the present
being leap year, conferred upon them cer
tain privileges amongst which was that of
paying their address s o the gentlemen,
any one of whom, should he he so Ungra
cious and nngallant as not to receive them
favorably, forfeited his horse and watch.
The paper had been is-ued but a few bourd
when Miss Lydia (Jieen entered the of
fice, made proposals to the astonished Edi
tor, and demanded his hand or the forfeit.
He freely relit quished his gray horse and
patent lever, lather than iclinquish the
right of makirg a selection for himself,
whilst ti e lady appeared to be equally well
pleased with her bargain. Bait. Sun.
(7 The man of the Nantucket Tele
graph overheard the following dialogue on
Voi Var' liiht '"W ill vnil Into mv
o -- " "'J
arm?" said a gentleman to a young lady
nlW the dance broke no. La. v ps. nnI
you too, seeing il is leap year," was tho
i- i
quiCK repiy.
(TJ Young ladies and gentlemen are.ve-
ry plenty now-a-days but there is a great'
demand for boys and girls, which, in the
present sublimated state of civilization, aro
wholly exterminated.