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African 1
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African leaders today are made up of two types of groups. One group
represent the set that fought for independence for their countries. The
other group represent the ones that took over power by* force of arm,
uuen oy me acquiescence 01 some toreign powers, inese lasi group Of
men are not really leaders. Nobody elected them to office and they do
not enjoy the mandate of. the people they rule.
Most African leaders can be said to be a product of circumstance.
- 4 Some were propelled to power over night and others took the power by
force. One negative aspect of African leadership is that these leaders
stay in power too long. Once in power they seem to be always in power.
* One of the by-products of this kind of situation is that a lot of
frustration is generated below the said leader since other potential
- leaders know that baring the deajthof a present leader, the rest of the^
would-be leaders would never have a chance of national leadership.
In colonial days In Africa, white rulers lived apart from native
Africans. They had their own hospitals, swimming pools, lots of servants,
and established a network of informers who spied on the native
. Africans. ?
Today, the white rulers are gone. But the vestageS of the past
remain. Many present day African rulers still live in isolated conditions.
Many of them maintain spies and informers who flatter them
and keep them from knowing the real vibration in the country. Many
so-called leaders who came to power by questioning the wealth and
excesses of other leaders have enriched themselves even more.
The following are the names and countries Of African leaders of
today. The list is arranged in alphabetical order;
: Hnnari Roumedienne" head of state atrd government. Algeria:
President Anwar Sadat, head of state, Arab Republic of Egypt; Dr.
Seretse Khama, president of Botswana; Col. Michel Micombero,
president of Burundi; Ahmadou Ahidjo, president of Cameroon; Gen.
Jean-Bedel Bokassa, president, Central African Republic; Francois
Tombabaye, president of Chad; Commandant Marien Ngouabi,
president of Congo; Major Mathieku, president of Dahomey; Francisco
Macia Nguema, president of Equatorial Guinea; His ImDerial
Majesty Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia.
Sir Dawda Jawara, president of the Cambia; Col. I.K. Acheampong,
chairman; National Redemption Council of Ghana; Ahmed Sekou
' Toure, president of Guinea; Felix Houphouet-Boigny, president of
Ivory Coast; Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, president of Kenya; Chief Leabua
Jonathan, prime iminister of Lesotho; William R. Tolbert Jr.,
president_ of Liberia: Col. Muammar Quaddafi. president.
Revolutionary Command Council, Libya;
Maj. - Gen. Muhammad Siad Barre, president of the Supreme
Revolutionary Council of Somalia; Dr., Siaka.. Probyn Stevens,
president of Sierra Leone; I^opold-Sedar Senghor, president of
. Sengal; Dr. Kenneth D. Kaunda, president of Zambia; Gen. Yakuba
-Gowon, president of Nigeria; Hamani Diori, president of Niger; His
Majesty King Hassan 11, president of Morocco; Sir Seewoosagur
RamSOOlam. Dremier of Mauritius' Mnlrtar OiilH HaHHoH
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Mauritania: Col. Moussa Traore, president of Mali; Dr. Kamuzu
Banda, president of Malawi; Maj-Gen. Gabriel Ramanatsoda,
president of Malagasy Republic. ^
Gen. Sangoule Lamizana, president of Upper Volta; Gen. Mobutu
Sesejieko, president of Zaire; Mr. Habib Bourguiba, president of
Tunisia; Gen. Idi Amin Dada, president of Uganda; Mwalimu Julius
K. Nyer(ere, president of Tanzania; Maj-Gen.' Etienne Eyadema,
president of Togo; Maj.-Gen. Jaafir A1 Nimeiry, president of Sudan;
His Majesty Sobhuza 11, King of Swaziland.
In writing about African leaders, it will not be complete without a
word or two on such great African leaders as Kwame Nkrumah of
Ghana. Nkrumakh was one of the earliest advocate of African unity.
In his book, Africa Must Unite, he told all African people that in unity
lies their hopes of greatness and said that if the black man ever hoped,
to achieve equality with other peoples of the world that he must be
united and strong.
Kwame Nkrumah studied in the U.S. at Lincoln University, Pa.
Although he died in exile, his hopes for Africa have been an inspiration
for many African youths.
Patrice Lumumba, the first prime minister of independent Cong
(now Zaire). He was brutally killed in the struggle for his country's
independence. Today, many African youths wear beads in memory of
him.
The problem that faces many African leaders today is enormous.
Over .ninety percent of the minerals mined in African continent is
exported overseas to be refined and then' re-imported into Africa at a
great cost. When many African countries need shoes, instead of
buying machinery to make shoes, they buy just finished and ready to
wear shoes with the result that that country must continue to buy
shoes. This kind of situation is repeated over and over again in many
fields.
Modernization in many African nations is a hollow word which often
means tall buildings which were built with foreign loan and imported
building materials.
Yet Africa has made a lot of progress. Educated Africans now man
the posts formally manned by white colonialists. And the Stride for
progress can be seen in 'the faces of many African leaders at any
United Nations meetings. It is hoped that Africa once a dark continent
will one day be a source of light for many in other parts of the world.
Black Americans can help in the realization of this hope by
establishing a lasting relationship with African nations just as other
people do.
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dr. j.t. McMillan
Reporter For
Churches
. J 9
Dr. .IT MnlUnion ;?
. ??v*fMMiUI IO & C|AI1 bCl
and consultant for the church
page of the Chronicle. News will
be published weekly.
Dr. McMillan brings a wealth
of experience to us. He is identified
With many religious and
educational publications. He
serves ,as editor of his
-Denominational-Publication and
he is chairman of the Educational
Executive Committee for the
eight colleges and universities nf
the AMB Church; member of the
executive board of the North
Carolina State-Council of
Churches; executive member Of
the Chicago Urban- TrainingAction
Group; State Chairman of
Ministers and church Work of the
NAACP; and President of the
Winston-Salem branch of the
NAACP.
He is properly known as "Big
brother to Humanity."
?NAACP-~7
To Convene
The annual session of the state
Conference of branches of the
NAACP will convene at the new
Downtowner Motel in Charlotte
October 3-5, according to Kelly
Alexander state president and
Charles McLean, N.C. Field
Director.
The opening session will be
church emphasis day on Thursday
morning, with Dr. J.T.
McMillan, chairman of Church
Work and Ministers Commission,
presiding. The church emphasis
day will follow the theme
"Church Action ?f or Political
Inclusion and Equality." a
'
? NOTICE .
.The Chronicle welcomes news,
stories and pictures. Send To:
Winston-Salem Chronicle
P.O. Box 3154
Winston-Salem, N.C.
27102
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SEPT. 12, 1*74 C i
J Church Directory {
^| ST. JOHN CME CHURCH -MWgfcZlON BAPTIST CHURCH I **
| 1628 Clark Aye. >58 Highland Ave.
RevrJosePh H. Lightsey, Pastor Rev. Issac Carter, Pastor
I Telephone 725-3968 Telephone 725-9644
... . f' Revival held the week of Sep- I
I*** tember 9, 1974. Each evening at a *
7:90 PM I
ST. PAUL UNITED Rev. M.L. Dillingham. Shiloh J
METHOPIST CHURCH . Baptist Church a
2400 Deliabrook Rd. NE Mocksville, NC Speaker '
1 Rev. j.wfr Gwyrv Pastor'
Jj Telephone 723-4531 * * -i??_____
*** MT. . PLEASANT BAPTIST I
CHURCH
ST. HOME UNITED 1731 Kimberly Rd. NW
I METHO01ST CHURCH Rev. H.S. Lewis, Jr. Pastor
1 1390 Thurmond St. Telephone 725-9623
Rev. WlHiam R. Crawford.
1 Telephone 724-2514 * ** - J
^. UNITED METROPOLITAN
*** BAPTIST CHURCH I
450 Metropolitan Dr.
ST. JAMCS AME CHURCH * Rev- J- Donald Ballard, Pastor,!
1501 Patterson Ave NE * Telephone 721-0519
| Rev. J.T? McMillan, Pastor- n
I 1 . '-'"v. - ***.:.. '. l
AAA ST. PAUL CHURCH OF I
CHRIST OF THE APOSTOl ir Z
GALILEE BAPTIST CHURCN -FAITH V
575 Ciaremont Ave. 1401 E. 25th St. "1
Rev. Warnie C. Hay, Pastor Elder S.R. Mahan .!
I Telephone 724-3357 {Telephone 723-1478 I Q
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I Phones 725-9729 or 725-9720 I
1 Winston-Salem,-N. C. 27105 1
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Winston-Salem, N. C. | t
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