Page 8 The Chronicle - S
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aturday October 9,1976
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Name
Address
City
-J State _ _ Zip
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^ ?1 S. Stratford Rd.
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I African S
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The Europt
The voyages of discovery in th
their medieval precedents in the
the barbarian invasions had pai
state of lethargy and economic sti
western Europe. This opened an <
Among the forces which finally
the injection of vital energy into
of Denmark, Norway, and Swede
three kingdoms, about 1050 wj
expansion and conquest. To the e
a kingdom in Russia and reache
become a symbol of military
conquered Normandy in France
England. Their descendants, 1
reconquest of Spain from the Mo
in North Africa. Westward, the
discovered and colonized Icelan
decade of the 11th century, two ]
and Leif Ericsson, on separate v
America somewhere between
However subsequent voyages fai
colonization.
Their voyages failed top open t
were widely known. As pioneers i
colonization, they entered the
expansion. They were the first
safely ride the turbulent water:
known. There are many experts i
were the first to achieve this feat,
led to an expansion of trade i
issolation which Western Europ
contact with other lands.
European pilgrimages to Pal
centuries constituted a second
isolation. The armies of crusade
a tremendous stimulus to th
merchants from Genoa and Veni<
transporting and provisioning th<
Egypt, the crusaders saw Orr
precious stones. The merchand
India, Ceylon, China, and tl
transformed the European life,
had been extremely poor becau
were little known. The European
as pepper, nutmeg, cinnamon, g
seasonings made stale food m
products, included tapestries,
rubies from Ceylon, mecial rhub
known which deadened pain, an
of commerce and adventure we
Polo wrote of his adventures ir
I addition to the tales about
strong lands of Abyssinia andZ
tales of negroes ivory, and gol<
The knowledge of Africa by tl
been richer in the classical era ol
- was during the Middle Ages.
Phoenicians (mixtures) knew the
as the Canary Islands which
Islands". All of this knowledg
chroniclers like Ibn Battuta, A
Moor from Granda in Spain s
Africa.
ipotHght I
mns Came
e 15th and 16th centuries had
10th and 11th centuries. After
-alyzed the Roman empire, a
ignation pervaded the whole of
jra known as the Middle Ages,
stirred up the Europeans was
Europe by northern kingdoms
:n. The consolidation of these
as accompanied by waves of
;ast the Northmen established
id Constantinople where they
power. To the south, they
: and twice overran parts of
fhp Nnrmanc 5 ** ?
biiv * iviiiiMlli)) MAVAWV4 lit tllW
ors, and established out-posts
: Northmen subdued Ireland,
d and Greenland. In the first
Norwegians: Biarni Heriulfson
oyages, reached the shores of
Labrador and Cape Cod.
fed to achieve any measure of
he new world yet their exploits
in seafaring, shipbuilding, and
main stream of European
to build vessels which could
s of the Atlantic as far as is
who believe that the Egyptians
HflWPVPf ftlP Mnco
'v ?? v j wiv t 1 V/iJV VV/llVf UV313
vhich helped to dissolve the
ie had lived under and led to
, 1
lestine in the 12th and 13th
factor that broke the shell of
:rs voyaging to Palestine gave
e building of ships. Italian
:e grew rich upon the profits of
i warrior pilgrims. In Syria and
ental spices, fine cloth, and
iise which came from Arabia,
he spice Islands completely
Before 1100, living conditions
se the arts of preserving food
is relished such Oriental spices
inger, cloves, and mace. These
ore palatable. Other oriental
diamonds, pearls from India,
arb, opium, the only drug then
d chinaware. The regeneration
:re really stirred when Marco
1 the Far East.
the Far East came rumors of
anzibar and Madagascar with
i.
le Europeans appears to have
f the Roman civilization than it
The Romans along with the
western coast of Africa as far
they called the "Fortunate
;e along with the records Of
Berber and Leo Africanus, a
timulated greater interest in
Robena Egemonye