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i?NEWS DIGEST?
I
Housing Secretary Pier
WASHINGTON ? Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development Samuel R. Pierce Jr., the Reagan
administration's highest-ranking black, says he will
remain in that job during President Reagan's se
cond term.
Prior to this month's general election, Pierce, the
only black Cabinet member, had said he might step
down from the post and return to his New York law
practice. He agreed to keep the job after President
Reagan telephoned him and asked him to stay, a
press release from the Department of Housing and
S. Africa arrests two bl
PRETORIA; South Africa -- The South African "
government has arrested two leading black trade
unionist who oppose the government's apartheid
racial policies.
Phiroshaw Camay, general secretary of the
Council of Unions of South Africa and a member
of the executive board of International Confederation
of Trade Unions, and Chris Dlamini, president
of the Federation of South AFrican Trade Unions,
were arrested in a security roundup of leading proponents
of democracy and majority rule.
Camay and Dlamini were arrested after a
peaceful two-day, stay-away strike which reportedO.A.U.
sees 'alarming'
ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia ? The Organization
of African Unitv ended its 20th meetinc last Thurs
day expressing concern at the *'alarming economic .
deterioration" of the African continent.
Delegates to the four-day meeting said that the
majority of the 50 O.A.U. members are dependent
upon food aid from abroad. They called for renewed
talks under United Nations auspices for a "new
world economic order" and asked the World Bank
and developed countries to establish a special fund
Pendleton calls compar
WASHINGTON -- The chairman of the U.S.
Commission on Civil Rights last week said that
comparable pay for women is "the looniest idea
since Looney Tunes came on the screen." , .
CI arcncc ?M, J r?sakHhc-comparabie
pay issue should raise a "lively debate" when the
eight-member commission Hicrnssps thp iccnp parlv
next year.
Pendleton made the remarks during a press conference
where 16 scholarly papers about com?mHWtwiiwtitttHinmntnntiH?wwwwwwwww?www????
Relief efforts lag
i?w??wttHwww?imiiiiiniuiimuimimimnnnmwiitwiMitttiwi?i??wiMiMMWtww?w??w
ticism that what is contributed will begin a natior
will ever reach its intended fund-raising campa
destination. " The money, said I
"People have seen the suffer- Purc*ias? "
ing on TV but they also have seen n^. ^erC an .
the food stacked up on the docks me,d,cal stafhf and
that's not getting to the people," ne ' ^Urf. aS*
he said. "There is a problem with transport e oo<
distribution. The Ethiopian lon8-ran8e food
government and some of the systems.
cities are living high on the hog. 1 oug 1? Pr?
" - They just spent $100 million for have been held in
some kind of celebration (the munity, a number <
10th anniversary of the coup that organizations throu
brought President Mengistu ^ave sPonsorec^ a
Haile Mariam to power). That focus attcntion on 1
might be another factor." Some of the mor
CROP Walk, sj
Nevertheless, the Red Cross Church World Ser
1984
Name: Esther Rocket te
Job Title: Personnel officer I
Hometown: Washington, D.C.
Describe Yourse(Jh one word: ,1
" Vivacious" Mi
Hobbies: Sports, dancing, talking to
youth groups and handicrafts
Favorite % Book: "Games
Never Taught You" by Betty L. Har- M
raoan I
- '*4?" II
Favorite Movie: "Mary Poppins"
and "Star Htors"W?m
Person admires most: Mordecai
ir\hsovr%se nswct f H/*..?J
vvr?rww*?| |^ww yrwmym M/ WUTLl I
University and Shirley Chisholm |;;
Career Goal: "To establish my own I
personnel consulting firm." c
I
(If you are single, at least 18 years old, doing 9
something positive in the community, I
employed and interested in appearing in this I
column, or If you know someone who meets
these criteria, please send your name and\M
daytime telephone number to: Someone You I
Should K Meet, Winston-Salem Chronicle. 1
PX). Box 2151, Winston-Salem, N.C.
27102.)
I I
I I
cat news briefs compiled by Greg Brown
ce to keep po^t
Urban Development said.
Pierce said one of the department's priorities during
the next four years will be to press for Congressional
enactment of the president's proposal for ur
ban enterprise zones, which he said would relieve
unemployment in economically depressed areas.
The housing secretary also praised the the department's
minority assistance program, which he said
has awarded millions of dollars in contracts to
small, minority-owned businesses.
lack union leaders
ly brought South Africa's industry to a standstill'.
Critics of the government, including the American
AFL-CIO, said me'detfehtion^ afe a re0Udiad6tVbf'
Pretoria's public commitment to black labor
reform and protection of black workers' rights.
("In a year that has seen an accelerated assault on
tUo LI?1. 1 _ - -
me i i^iiis ui iid uiacK tiu^cns anu d sysiemic suppression
of internal dissent, it is clear that South
Africa desires to live as an international outlaw,
flouting civilized norms and practices," said an
AFL-CIO press release from Washington, calling
for the release of all blacks arrested during the recent
roundup.)
economic situation
for Sub-Saharan development to combat drought
and famine.
The O.A.U. also pledged additional funds for
groups fighting South Africa.
Peter Onu of Nigeria, the O.A.U.'s acting
secretary, would continue in that post. Onu was
elected when the delegates were unable to select a
new acting secretary from between two other candidates
after nine ballots.
ahlp nnv 'lnrvnpv'
V>V A V AV/V/11VJ
parable pay were presented. Linda Chavez, the
commission's staff director, told reporters at the
conference that comparable pay is "against the
grain of. w&aJLtbe*womeft^-movemwu-has
the last 20 years" ? the opening of doors to traditionally
male jobs.
By forcing salaries higher in some traditionally
female jobs, Pierce said, comparable pay could
backfire if employers decide to cutback employee
benefits.
wonww?wimwwwmmwwuwHiMHmmmmnwiHwtimwHmiwmiHNini
)
im Page A1
lal $5 million sent to Ethiopia. In addition,
ign on Jan. 6. such groups as Bread for the
-iaste, will be World, Oxfam America and the
uch foods as Bg^rd of Home Land Missions of
fish, provide the Moravian Church have inrelief
person- itiated programs to aid Ethiopia,
vehicles to The Rev. Ciedric Rodney,
d and install chaplain at Winston-Salem State
production University, said the university is
planning a fund-raising program
grams as such that should be implemented in
he black com- two weeks,
af groups and As for groups or individuals
ghout the city wanting to provide aid through
ictivities that his agency, Haste said, the Red
world hunger. Cross prefers that they give donaley
from the tions that will be used to purchase
>onsored by food, versus actual food, since
vices, will be food is too expensive to ship.
. i ? i : Parents
transmit ra
By Dr. MiL. CLARK
Wake Forest University
When do children develop a sense of racial identity?
At what age do they recognize racial differences?
These questions have been studied since
the 1920s and a lot has been learned since then.
There are a number of different terms that are used
whefTassessing racial attitudes. Racial awareness
is the ability to distinguish between racial groups by
using physical characteristics. Racial identification'
is the ability to correctly classify oneself racially.
Racial attitudes involve the good-bad evaluation of
racial groups.
As early as three years of age and certainly by
four, most children have developed a sense of racial
awareness. They use information about skin color,
facial features, hair color and hair texture to
classify people into racial groups.
Skin color is the most important feature used to
determine whether a person is black or white. It is
not unusual for a black child to say that a lightskinned
black American or that a suntanned white
person is black. It is difficult for preschoolers to integrate
information about skin color with other
features determiing racial identity.
In addition, black Americans are a mixture of
many racial groups and have diverse physical
characteristics. This makes it even more difficult
for black preschoolers to grasp the concept of black
American.
White American culture and its language
perpetuate a positive evaluation of whiteness and a
negative evaluation of blackness. Children learn
that white is positive by hearing terms such as
i:-?? * ? -l;.- -
TT.nn, hv anu seeing wnne associaiea witn
cleanliness and purity. The term-black, on the
other hand, has negative meanings, as reflected by
the words "blackmail" and "black market" and its
association with dirtiness and darkness.
In the past, good cowboys on television were
The Winston-Salem Chronicle
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nntfismu - m mi it nvti n im - Ntttit, 7*4 71
cial attitudes
always dressed in white, while the bad ones were
always in black. Although we have shifted from
cowboys to space invaders, the messages are still the
same. Darth Vader was dressed in black to give him
the appearance of being evil and there was constant
reference to him as being part of the dreaded "dark ,t
.side."
Thus, children internalize the message that black
is bad and white is good. However, they must use
these same words to label racial groups and, consequently,
young black children may begin to see dark
skin as negative.
By the age of five or six, many children are aware
that you cannot distinguish a black person by skin
color alone and one must use other information
about hair type and facial features. As they enter
school, they are well on their way to establishing
full-fledged racial attitudes.
The positive or negative nature of these attitudes
will depend greatly on the family. Children tend to
accept and imitate the values and behaviors of
parents. Some black and white parents may instruct
their children to stay away from those of different
racial groups. More often, children pick up the
parents' attitudes indirectly by overhearing conversations
or watching interracial interactions.
White parents who lock their car door when
entering black neighborhoods are passing on
negative attitudes^bout blacks. Middle-class black
parents who do the same thing when traveling
through economically depressed black areas of
town are guilty of passing on 1 similar negative
message about low-income black Americans.
Television and books also transmit society's
racial attitudes. Black children who watch
"Webster" or "Different Strokes" are indirectly
being told that the best thing that can happen to a
black child is to be adopted or taken in by a white
family. Television has not allowed stable black
families to survive, but the Bill Cosby show is a step
in the right direction..
* Please see page A5
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