KINO'S SPEECH
'I Have A Dream'
EM*. : -0 ^ .V ?*'"
m I am happy to join with you today in
mm witt go down in histoiy as the great- |
for freedom in the his
[of our nation.
iRve score yean ago, a Great Ameri
? whose symbolic shadow we stand
signed the Emancipation Procla
im ?? ?
'This momentous decree came as a
?beacon light of hope to millions of
?slaves who had been seared in the
|of withering injustice. H came as a |
?to end the long night of
I But lOOyeers later, the Negxo still is
100 yean later* the life of the
|i as ? ? emena
a 5CIU CEflDull ?Kl IDe uttlDft OT ula*
? crimination; 100 years later* the Negro
pttveMSQ ft kmely island of poverty in the
midst of ft vsst of material prosper*
ity; 100 years later, the !$egro is still lan
I guiihed in the comas of American soci
I ety and finds himself in exile in his own
ISo we've come here today to drama- 1
la shameful condition. In a sense
?come to our nation's capital to cash
?. When the architects of our
wrote me magnificent words ox
| and the Declaration of
I nee, they were signing ft
|qov to wnicn every American
to fall heir. j -
?s note was the promise that Jail
lyes, black men as well as white
would be guaranteed the
?of life, liberty and the pursuit of
^^_ItisobvioUa today that America has
Ion this imimliinry linii hi so
I arc
Instead of honoring this Sacred obMg
? America hu given die Negro peo
(a bad check ? a check which has
come back marked "insufficient funds."
I But we refuse to believe that the
?of juatioe is bankrupt We refuse to
[Aere am in
the great vaults of opporti>H% of this
nation. And io we've come to cash this
check, a check that will give us upon
demand the riches of freedom and the
aeniritv of justice. v
We IwvipK^B to this hallowed
| to remind America, of the fierce
? of now. This is no time to engage
Be
mfctit !? 1 I II Mliif i r ? isn fi'
UTUJ5 OrjJrlQUKBBllL IWfr ll
time to make real the promises of
Itew li the time to rise from
and desolate valley of segrega
sunlit path of racial justice.
Si time to lift our nation flromthe
of mcW i^Wce to the jgjtfl _
of brotherhood. Now is the time, to
a reality for all of Pod's chil*
It would be fatal for the nagon to
ttaofency of the moment Tpt:'
sweltering summer of the Negro's le?i^|
discontent wttlnot pass until thef^l
invigorating autumn of freedom and
kilty.
Nineteen sixty-three is not an end,
Igpy lining. And those who hope that
IK needed to blow off steam and
now fee content, will have a rude
if the natiqft. retj&lft tD busi
iftiefe Will be neither rest or
in America until the Negro is
Jpt;citizenq^ rights. The whirl
ed revolt will continue to shake the
of our nation until the bright
oi justicc emerges* ^
But there is somethingthat 1 mus$
l|y people, who stand on the &orn
which leads into rightful place,
not be guilty of Wrongful deeds.
Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst
by drinking from die cup of
and hatred. We must forever
our struggle on the higfrplain of
and discipline. W must not allow
Again and again, we must rise to the
c heights of meeting physical
with soul force. The marvelous new
; which has engulfed the Negro
\ must not lead us to a distrust
Jf$3te people. For many of our
lg|tihere. as evidence bv their pros*
but today, nave com*to realize that
their destiny is tied up with our destiny,
they have come to realize that their
. ? I t f nV-f,, j # j.
om is mextncaoiy oouna to our rree
We cannot as we
we must make the pledge that we
always inarch ahfcad. We cannot
Jflte.
There are those who are asking the
?^fMNt of civil rights, "When will you
f satisfied?"
We can never be satisfied as long as
Negro is the victim of the unspeak
of police brutality. We can
satisfied as long as our bodies.
heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot
gain lodging in the motels of the high*
ways and the hotelsbf the cities. We can
not be satisfied as long as the Negro's
basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to
a larger one. We can never be satisfied as
long Ifjffpr children are stripped of their
Selfhood and robbed of their dignity by
signs stating "For White Only." We can
not be sertjflilSll long as the Negro in
Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in
New York believes he has nothing for |j
which to vote. No! No, we are not satis*
tied, and we will not be satisfied until
"justice rolls down like waters and right
eousness like a mighty stream."
ill; . I am not unmindful that some of you
have come here out of great trials and
tribulations. Some of you have come
fresh from narrow Jail cells. Some of you
have come from areas where your quest
for freedom left you battered by the
storms of persecution and staggered by
the winds of police brutality.
You have been the veterans of cre
ative suffering. Continue to work with the
faith that unearned suffering is redemp
'tivfc'v.
Go back to Mississippi. Go back to
Alabama. Go back to South Carolina. Go
bade to Georgia. Go back to Louisiana. ^
Go back to the shims and ghettos of our
Northern cities, knowing that somehow
this situation can and will be changed. Let
not wallow in the valley of despair. -
I say to you today, my friends, so
even though we face the difficulties of ?
today and tomorrow, 1 still have a dream.
It's a dream deeply rooted in the Ameri
can dream. I have a dream that one day
this nation will rise up and live out the
true meaning of its creed, "We hold these
truths to be self-evident that all men are
created equal." , ; :
I have a dream that one day on the
led hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves
and the sons of former slave owners will \
be able to sit down together at the table of
brotherhood. - . . ?
I have a dream that one day even the
state of Mississippi* a state sweltering
with die heat of injustice, sweltering with
the heat of oppression, will be trans
formed into an oasis of freedom and jus
tice. I have a dream that my four little
children will one day live nation
where they will not be juddip by the
< color of thdf fkirt; bttt byfhe%>ntent of
their character. I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day down in
Alabama ? with its vicious racists, with
its governor having his lips dripping with
the words of interposition and nullifica
tion ? one day right there in Alabama,
little' black boys and black girls will be
able to join hands with little white boys
and white girls as sisters and brothers. I
have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day every
valley shall be 'exalted, every hill and
mountain shall be made low. The rough
places will be plain and the crooked
places will be straight, "and the glory of
the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh
shall see it together." This is our hope.
This is the faith that I go back to the
South with. With this faith we will be
able to hew out of the mountain of
despair, a stone of hope. With this faith "
we will be able to transform the jangling
discords of our nation into a beautiful
symphony of brotherhood. With this faith
we will be able to work together, to pray
together, to struggle together, to go to jail
together, to stand up for freedom
together, "knowing that we will be free
one day.
And this will be the day. This will be
the day when all of God's children will be
able to sing with new meaning, "My
country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty,
of thee 1 sing. Land where my fathers
died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from
. every mountain side, let freedom Ting."
And . if America is to be a great nation,
this must become true.
So let freedom ring from the prodi
gious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let
freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes
of California. *
But not only that. Let freedom ring
fron) Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let
' freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of
Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every
hill and molehill 'of Mississippi. "From
every mountainside, let freedom ring."
And when this happens, and when
we, allow freedom to ring, when we let it
ring from every village and every hamlet,
from every state and every city, we will
be able to speed up that day when all
God's children, black men and white men,
Jews and gentiles, Protestants and
Catholics, will be able to join hands and
sing in the words of the old Negro spiri
tual: 'Trie at list Free at last Thank God
Almighty, we are free at last"
^ V .. .. '.u:- - .. V v,
Coretta Scott King, second from right, widow of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., acknowledges the crowd gathered for
the Civil Rights March Saturday at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington. With King are Dick Gregory, left, and two of her children.
Anniversary March Marks Crossroad:
Old Guard Not Ready to Pass the Torch
A 7 think that there's a lot of energy in our youth ...'
WASHINGTON (AP) ? Two notices
were served on the civil rights movement at
the 30th anniversary March on Washington:
The young may want to take over, but the
old aren't ready to retire.
"We believe this march is not the bene
? diction, but a rebirth," said Joseph Lower>v
70, president of the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference for the past 17
years.
There was some talk that maybe, ju$t
maybe, the movement's elders would "pass
the torch" of responsibility for social
change at this additional celebration of 1963
and the dream of equality Mroin Luther
King^V- bossed on the nation^
Yet on Saturday, fond remembrance pre
vailed, and the old guard made it clear that
fond remembrance will endure.
"We're going to celebrate the March on
Washington until there's nothing left to cel
ebrate," declared Benjamin Hooks, 68, who
retired from the NAACP and resurfaced at
Civil Rights.
Thff yonng , marie a few
things clear, too.
"We let everybody know we will chal
lenge, seriously, their leadership," said Carl
Upchurch, 35, head of the National Urban
Peace and Justice Movement and the most
vocal critic of Saturday's festivities.
"They're on notice now."
Upchurch, along with three other lead
ers from his group of reformed street-gang
members, appeared at Saturday's march,
even though they had said they weren't
coming. They stood with NAACP executive
director Benjamin Chavis, 45, who pledged
his group's support of their efforts to curb
violence in the inner city.
"We have worked with these gang
members for over a year," Chavis said.
"They are my friends. I intend to work with
them in every community in this nation."
"Ben Chavis is welcome in our circles.
He is making a valiant effort to link the tra
ditional civil rights efforts with our current
struggle/' Upchurch said. Other older black
activists, he added, have not been so forth
coming. ?
But the young were. Upchurch's
National Urban Peace and Justice Move
ment plans to link with the Student Coali
tion of Conscience, the teen-agers and
young adults who worked with Saturday's
march.
of that coalition and a youth coordinator for
Saturday's march, said. "We were on the
same side" on a lot of issues and will meet
further to discuss strategy.
They want to "weave young America
with urban America," Upchurch said, and
take this mixture into every major civil
rights forum, to tackle the problems most
affecting the young: unemployment,
poverty, murder.
Those sentiments were echoed by Lani
Guinier, whose nomination as chief civil
rights enforcer in the Justice Department
was withdrawn by President Clinton after
controversy arose over some of her writings.
"I think that there's a lot of energy in .
our youth and what we need to do is to tap
into that energy and to help to create a cli
matc in which people aie not afraid to talk ?
about the hard problems," said Guinier on
Sunday, in an interview on CBS* "Face the
Nation."
"1 think that the apathy or the sense of
alienation is profound. It is real and we have
to deal with it," warned Guinier.
But dealing with the problem goes . '
beyond the generational dispute to the arena
of partisan politics where Republican and
Democratic blacks often disagree over how
best to improve conditions for African
Americans.
"I think the government can play an
important role in trying to correct these
things," said Guinier. "We have seen that
help rebuild Japan, help rebuild Europe ...
it needs to rebuild American cities."
"The government has a role to play ...
(but) what the U.S. government did was
help to create the environment where the
Europeans rebuilt Europe," said former
Health and Human Services Secretary Louis
Sullivan who appeared with her on CBS.
"We can't look to government to solve
all this. Having served in the government
for four years I can tell you that government
is a big bureaucracy that indeed doesn't do a
lot of things well," he added.
My People Worked 400 Years from Pa?e A1
marched 30 years ago returned. Dr.
Rudolph Harris, ^6, said he had climbed a
tree in 1963 to watch King's speech.
"King just brought it to life," he said.
Conditions have improved since since
1963, but "the color of your skin still limits
your chances in society," NAACP Execu
tive Director Ben Chavis Jr. said.
"Dr. King's dream still remains unful
filled," he said on NBC's 'Today."
Temperatures were in the high 90s with
a matching degree of humidity.
The theme of the day's march was
"Jobs, Justice and Peace," and the message
was advanced by a broad coalition of His
panics, Asians, American Indians, women,
gays, the disabled and the elderly.
"We hope to accomplish what we didn't
accomplish 30 years ago ? justice and
peace and equality for everyone," ?aid Bar
bara Wiggins, president of the Greater Hart
ford, Conn., NAACP. She said she was not
pleased that President Clinton would not be
present
"I came because the issues are still
important," said Jean Tussey, 75, of Cleve
land, who wore a yellowing button from the
original march pinned on a white cap. The
button read: ^Emancipation March on
Washington 1963."
Tussey's husband and youngest daugh
ter came to the 1 963 march.
I feel I'm sort of carrying on the fam
ily tradition," she said.
"We're here to protect our civil rights
and remember Martin Luther King. We
can't just sit back and expect everything to
be fair and OK," said Sheila Rogers, 17, of
Atlanta. "You have to keep fighting for
them."
Organizers said they would use the
march to hand over leadership to younger
members of the movement, but some have
ridiculed that idea, saying black America's
aging leaders are not yet ready to share
power. Critics also believe the march and its
accompanying events were targeted only at
middle-class blacks.
march and met with organizers afterward.
"On this day 30 years agp, almost a
quarter-million Americans gathered in the
shadow of the Lincoln Memorial to ask our
nation to uphold its founding ideals of equal
justice and equal opportunity for all," Clin
ton's statement said.
"Three decades later, we remember
how far we have come on freedom's trail,
and we rededicate ourselves to completing
the journey
Organiz
ers said they
expected
"tens of thou
sands'* of
marchers ,
well short of
their first esti
mate or
250,000.
About 75,000
showed up.
Clinton,
vacationing
in Martha's
Vineyard ,
Mass., sent a
statement that
was read at
the march. In
1963, Presi
dent Kennedy
sent an emis
sary to the
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