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APPLICATION
^ Minimum Charge of 25c I
^fcr~you want to reach the I
^Eple the quickest, surest I
^ d least expensive way, the I
x to do it is with State I
I Whether you
J Want To
1 BUY !
|H I
2 or : *
I SELL
i|
I The I
| WANT I
^MNE:SDAY. APRIL 24,
IvANT
I a n<?i !
I
I ADS I!
5r
I Will Do It !
IB
Twice as Well
H I
I And
I They Do It
I F?r >
i less 1
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flhan Any Other
Kind Of
I Advertising
|RY THEM
1935
Tenant Homes
Corporation I
o
By GUY A. CARDWELL, 3
Agricultural and Industrial Agent i
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. j *
. C
Senator J. H. Banhead, of Ala- 1
bama, has introduced a bill S. j
1800?"To Create The Farm Ten- .
ant Homes Corporation, to pro- {
mote more secure occupancy of [ <
farms and farm homes, to correct j J
the economic instability resulting
from some present forms of farm j
tenancy, and for other purposes." | (
To the South, and I think to1 y
the Nation, this is one of the j j
most important measures before j
Congress. If you are interested in !'
checking the future spread of (
farm tenancy, and wish to abol- .
ish the abuses and poverty which I (
are an aeenmnnniment nf the I
system, get a copy of the bill,1'
study it and take the usual way ,
of letting your Congressmen '
know of your interest in the subject
and in the bill.
In testifying at hearings on the
Bankhead Tenancy Bill, Marchj'
5th, 1935, Secretary of Agricul-j
turc, Henry A. Wallace, stated in
part:
"During the past half century,
the increase in farm tenancy has
been one of the undesirable and j
yet wide-spread characteristics of
rural America. Only two generations
ago we were at the heights
of the Homestead movement, j
which had as one of its funda- j
mental aims the creation of an <
agriculture made up predominantly
of small farm operators. Today
we find that half of our farm
lands are operated by tenants,
and nearly that large a percentage
of our farmers rent all of
th? land they farm.
Tenancy is closely associated
with the specialized production of
the major cash crops, the surplus
I of which has been troubling this
I country for more than a decade.:
j Because it is associated with |
! commercial farming and specialiI
zed crop production it is closely |
associated with and related to j
I that other great evil of our land
! system?land speculation.
The fact that the tenant farmer
has been intrusted with some
of the best soils of the Nation is
especially serious because a large j
proportion of our tenants have i
little permanent interest in soil
conservation. The average period |
of occupancy by tenants is only |
a little more than four years.
Since few tenant's contracts provide
compensation for improvements
made by the tenant and
since both landlord and tenant
are usually interested in the production
of cash crops, it follows
that in general tenancy is largejly
responsible for the serious progressive
depletion of soil fertility.
We can hardly deal fundamentally
with the erosion and other
types of soil wastage until we
bring about a change in the relationship
of tenant farmers to I
the land they operate.
Some of the worst characteristics
of the American tenancy sys- i
tern are found in the South. A |
great many people think south- j
em tenants are mostly negroes.!'
On the contrary, of the 1,800,000
tenants and croppers reported in !
the sixteen southern States by j
the 1930 census, only 700,000, or j
less than 40 per cent were neg- j
roes. Notwithstanding the tre-1
mendous increase in tenancy
which occurred in the South between
1920 and 1930, all the gain
was brought about by an increase
in the number of white tenants.
In fact, there was a slight decrease
in the number of negro
tenants and croppers between j
1?20 and 1930, but there was a
gain of 69 per cent in the num- (
ber of white croppers during that I
decade. A large number of southem
owners and share tenants, 1
particularly white owners and
tenants, were forced to revert to ,
the propertyless status of croppers
by the agricultural depression
which started with the fall
of prices in 1920.
The disintegration of the farm
system in the South, particularly '
the plantation phase, has become
progressively more rapid since the 1
World War. Factors which con- 1
tribute to this include the in- J
creased mechanization of cotton j
production, 'specially in the western
areas and in the alluvial 1
portions of the lower Mississippi J1
valley; adverse influence on older (
areas of the competition in cotton
production by the newer western
areas; soil erosion and dep- (
letion of soil fertility from the (
one crop system; the gradual de- ,
pletion of timber resources which (
formerly supplied employment j (
and income in many areas; a (
series of price crises since the
World War that impaired the j
ability of many landowners, supply
merchants and plantation
operators to supply their tenants
and the pull of industrial employ- <
ment which attracted labor from
the South until the advent of the
depression in 1929. Since the depression,
the displacement of
Southern tenants and the increase 1
in the number of rural "squatter" l
has been sharply increased. l
In the South, as in many other <
regions, the real problem is to, c
THE STATE P
eassociate labor, land and capi- (
al in such manner as to enable j,
he people to maintain a better j
tandard of living than formerly i
inder more wholesome conditions j
f operation both for the people j
.nd the land. j
We have been talking about j
he evils of farm tenancy in this ;
iountry for a great many years. j f
t is high time that America facd
her tenant situation openly,
md pursued a vigorous policy of
mp rove men... Studies made by i
he Department of Agriculture, j j
State experiment stations, and |
>ther research agencies have re-1
>eatedly shown that in communi- ,
Jes where tenancy is extensive, '
here is an unusual degree of ru al
instability and lack of a well j
tnit social life. It is almost impossible
for tenant families who I
move from place to place every
two or three years to participate j
in the activities of schools, chur-1
ches and other similar rural in- [
stitutions.
An active Government program I
aimed at making owners out of
desirable tenants, through a sys-1
tern of long term loans which
can be repaid by taking the ordinary
rent as payment toward the
ownership of a farm, is a thoroughly
sound and justifiable procedure
for creating greater security
and more desirable homes for
our rural tenant population. During
the period when the purchasers
are slowly creating an equity
in the farm they operate they
will have all the security of an
owner and should develop a real
and lasting interest in maintaining
their homes and permanently
participating in the social life of
their communities.
I am happy to support a meas
?- - a 11- ? 1 iu
ure wmcn naa aa na aim uic
creation of a substantial group of
farm owners out of our present
tenant class. I know of no better
means of re-constructing our agriculture
on a thoroughly sound
and permanently desirable basis
than to make as its foundation j
the family-sized, owner-operated
farm. I believe that the provisions
of this bill can be put into
effective operation in such manner
as to bring greater individual
opportunity and security to thousands
of tenants. At the same
time, they should be of substantial
aid in our crop adjusting
programs, and in our attempts to
conserve soil fertility and prevent
erosion. Moreover, these provisions
will aid materially in bringing
about the development of a
rural civilization embodying a
higher standard of living and a j
better developed and more stable j
community life than has been
possible under a system characterized
by land speculation, absentee
landlord and migratory
tenants.
Buy Boy A Calf
Start Dairy Herd
Every farm boy is interested
in animal life and desires something
of his own to feed and handle.
"One of the best ways of fulfilling
these natural desires is to |
buy the boy a pure bred, registered
calf and enroll the boy into
the 4-H club where he can learn
how to feed and care for his animal
to best advantage," says F. j
R. Farnham, dairy extension
specialist at State College. "We
now have 4-H calf clubs in near- \
ly every county of the State and
the county farm agent or his as- j
sistant will be glad to give the
boy advice and suggestions as to
proper methods of handling his
animal."
Mr. Farnham says, in the past,
farm boys have selected crops for I
their club projects and have j
changed from one crop to an- j
other each year forgetting in a
large measure some of the good
ideas learned about handling the j
previous crop. This does not en-1
courage the proper attitude of
sticking to a thing until it is
finished.
"If the boy is given a purebred
calf, his club activity in connec-1
tion with handling the animal (
will develop into a long-time,
supervised farm practice," Farn- j
bam says. "The boy builds on the i
small project of one calf each j
successive year until at the end '
of the high school period, this
young man has organized an ac-1
tual business of sufficient size to
challenge his best managerial \
ibility."
Garnham says many North
Carolina boys at the age of ten !
or twelve years have started with (
one calf and are today owners
of splendid small dairy herds that ^
ire providing a source of cash (
income to pay the owner's way 1
through college. It need not be ,
in expensive undertaking to
jtart. Many breeders are glad to ,
oo-operate in supplying a pure ,
ored animal at a very normal }
:ost. j
Carmel Men Like
Present-Day Type J
London, April .?Men who j
ived 80,000 years ago are the
learest approach to modern hu- \
nan beings yet discovered, ac- i
lording to Theodore D. McCown, i
>f California University, 26-year- ^ 1
ORT PILOT, SOUTHPORT,
jays Production j?
Of Cotton Shows i?
Decrease Abroad j;
e
Secretary Wallace Refutes i
Claims That AAA Pro-|s
gram Spurred Foreign *
Yield
a
DISCUSSES DECLINE |c
IN COTTON EXPORTS J
Says Much Of Reduction j f
Due To Foreign Custom- f
ers Using Stocks Al- ,
ready On Hand; j
House Members to
Seek Interview 11
With President '
On Textile
Problem
i
Atlanta, April ?Foreign cotton
production shews a decrease '
for the 1934-35 season despite \
4
NORTH CAROLINA
stimated at $3,629,000 bales,;
hereas the consumption of for-; ti
ign growths was 8,101,000 bales. &
his represented a decrease of d
,276,000 bales of American cot- j v
on from a like period one year [ s<
arlier and an increase of 1,521,- j o
00 bales in consumption of for- d
ign growths.
"Studies made by the repre- v
entatives of the Department of s
Agriculture and others," he said, fi
show that one reason for this! t
hift is the unwillingness of this o
:ountry to accept goods or ser-11
rices in adequate amount in re- 1;
urn for exports of our cotton." g
Wallace said economic trends, j
let in motion by the World War, 1
lave aggravated America's difficulties
in relation to cotton exports.
Prior to the war, he said,
(America was primarily a debtor ,
cation?today it is on the other .
side as a credit country.
Would Be Worse
"Proposals that this country I'
should do anything and every- j'
thing, aside from accepting for-1
eign goods in exchange, to pre-'
serve its cotton exports do not,
offer the South any advantages
comparable to the loss that would j
result in dismantling the cotton
program," he said. "That such |
proposals would mean discarding!
the program is almost openly admitted
by their sponsors.
Only Intelligent
Truly BeautifulI
Philadelphia, April .?Beauty
and brains are synonymous, according
to the deans of women
at three universities here.
Each dean pointed to numerous
women students, who not only
ranked high in their studies, but
possessed the qualifications for
competing in beauty contests.
None of the deans would admit
that there was any basis for the|
oftused phrase, "beautiful but
dumb."
"There never was a girl who
was both beautiful and dumb,"
Miss H. Jean Crawford, director
of women at the University of
Pennsylvania, declared. "It was
just a myth. The two things are
incompatible. For true beauty is
born of intelligence and character.
"The girls who do the :cest
work in our colleges invariably
are handsome girls. Their intelligence
is reflected in their faces,
and most of all, in their eyes.
Only intelligent people can be
truly beautiful.
FOR
Graduation
ANEW
ELGIN
claims of opponents of
ted States curtailment prog??
that it would force other na 1 |
to raise more of the s^p f A ri.
That's what Secretary of Agn
culture Wallace told a meeting ,
S more than 1.000 farmers when
he announced the processing tax
would be continued.
Wallace said foreign cotton a
raglC933d burrs "preceded the
rotton program launched in this
country the same year.
For the 1934-35 season, tne
secretary reld. reP?r *.
J22 Sr" 53,000
1933-34 In other words, foreign
cotton prMucUon rtiows ^ an
increase but a slight decrease.
"Foreign cotton
1034 35 is larger in Ch.na, Rus
sia Brazil and minor producing
countries, but these increases are
more than offset by decreases in
Egypt, India and Me*ica
Production in Brazil
"Much publicity has been giv i
en to me increase in cotton production
in Brazil. The paction
this season is now *1
1,591,000 bales as compared with
969,000 bales in 1933-34 an .
000 bales in 1932-33.
"Expansion which had already
gained much headway before our
program was launched was com
Hnued The increase of 622,000
bate^ since oitr progren -1
launched represents n?rettan?
per cent increase of Braflla"
production, but it amounts ^
about 6 per cent of ^United
s^e 5SK S Brest, attempt
to stampede the A1"6"
can cotton growers into abandoning
the program which has lifted
them out of the mire of a fourcmtentlon
I
that the cotton program ^ caused
customers of the United
States to turn elsewhere for their
cotton arises primarily from the (
decrease in American cotton ex (
ports since last August l.
Using Present Stocks
He said the reduction in ex-1
ports, when analyzed, leads to the
discovery "that much of it is due
to the fact that foreign users of
cotton, instead of buying
American supplies, have been
using up the stocks of American
cotton already on hand.
-Whereas," he continued, for-(
eign nations since August 1 of
last year through February 1935,
have cut their imports of Amen
can cotton by 41 per cent, they
have reduced their consumption
of American cotton by only 26
^He^said America must facetb? I
fact that there have been shifts
in consumption abroad ^u
American to foreign growths during
the first half of the 1934-35
season .
Foreign consumption of Amen-,
can cotton during this penod was |
old American anthropologist.
McCown is working with three
other research experts?two worn
en and a man?at Downe Re
search Farm, Kent, on prehistoric
remains brought from the .
northwestern slopes of Mount Lebanon,
Palestine, by a joint ex- ^
pedition undertaken by the B
ish School of Archaeology in L
Jerusalem, and the Amencanj.
_ , , n?
acnooi ui rraiiBu/ni; nesetuvu,
luring 1932. Among
the petrified fragments
that were discovered in naturally ,
cemented rock which evidently 1
was a primitive settlement, were '<
found skulls of Carmel men show- J
ing fiercely protruding, powerful
oony ridges above the eyes, which '
would have given a terrible ape- "!
like appearance to the face. The
Jkulls also showed strong, square- j
ly jutting chins, not uncharacteristic
of the ape-type, but nev- "
irtheless more like the chins of
nodern human beings than the j
ower jaw of the Neanderthal ]
nan living 25,000 years ago.
The teeth of the Carmel men,
which are perfectly preserved, j
ire small and regular and almost ;
dentical with the present-day "
luman teeth. j
?
- ^ .few
"I don't know where the 'beau- i
ful-but-dumb' theory originat- j
said Miss Edna Clark, acting j
ean of women at Temple Uniersity,
"but an examination of j
cholastic records at almost any j
o-edu:ational institution would
isprove it."
Miss Ruth M. Dorsey, dean of
romen at Drexel Institute, also
aid that the old maxim was a
allacy. She expressed the belief j
hat the saying was probably j,
riginated by a man, "one en- ,
irely unfamiliar with the schoastic
work of many beautiful ,
firls."
JSE COTTONSEED MEAL
AS LIVESTOCK FEED
The almost unlimited supply
;f cottonseed meal at a reason-1
able price is considered one of
the greatest natural advantages
available tn southern livestock
It's Smart To Give
And Smart To Own
The new Elgin Watches
in our store are truly
beautiful?modern as the
moment.
? w t e* fir i n v/M T
Lti U3 nc,Lr iuu
WITH YOUR GIFT
SUGGESTIONS
George W. j
Huggins Co.
JEWELERS
117 N. Front St.
WILMINGTON, N. C.
?
s
I Wi
8 We welcome
8 The best of luck
If Through the
jf in close touch wit
wick County. Wf
I "WELCOME
| ON COUNT'
1 VISIT THE
| RUN BY PI<
1 "WE TEACI|
Brunsi
N t
-?- ? ?
producers.
Tests conducted at the N. C. j
Agricultural Experiment Station
have disclosed that one pound of
cottonseed meal is the equivalent j
of two pounds of grain when
used as a protein supplement in j
animal feeds.
Earl H. Hostetler, in change
of animal husbandry research at
the station, stated that recent
experiments have shown that cottonseed
meal can be fed safely
to horses and mules, provided
that the meal is used as a supplement
to adequate pasturage
and proper roughage in the diet.
A good way to feed the meal
/g =
THESI
Not Sj
BUT OUR REC
COFFEE, Grain or grc
SALMONS, per can ....
WHOLE GRAIN RICE,
GOOD FLOUR, 12 lbs.
GOOD FLOUR, 24 lbs
10 BARS LAUNDRY S
10 Pkgs. WASHING P'
LUZIANNE COFFEE, 1
CIGARETTES, 2 pkgs.
48-lbs. FLAKE WHITE
50 lbs. PURE LARD .
YOUR TRADE
Garrell ]
Wolesale i
WHITEVII
School(
i|| Attend the Count
Exercises in South;
ij Be sure to visit ou
ice cream and dr
j Watson's
Southpoi
ELCOM
; the return of The Si
to the new managemei
columns of The Pilot "n
h the citizens of South]
itch for our advertisen
TO THE CHILDREN,
Y COMMENCEMENT DAY
LUNCH STAND ON THE
3 AND PAE."
I YOUR $ TO HAVE MORI
yick Pic an(
SOUTHPORT N. C.
' ^ II ill HI
SEVEN
s to distribute it over the corn,
>referably at the night feeding,
-lostetler pointed out.
He suggested that only a small
imount of meal be given when
:irst starting horses or mules on
:ottonseed meal. Later, when the
immals get used to eating it, the
-ation may be increased to one
)r two pounds of meal daily for
;ach 1,000 pounds of live weight
However, he warned, cottonseed
meal is not a complete substitute
for grain in the diet.
It has also been found that
when pigs are fed, free choice, a
diet of corn and a mixture of
equal parts of cottonseed meal,
fish meal, and mineral, they gained
12 percent more rapidly and
were 24 per cent more profitable
than those fed in the same manner
without the meal.
Cottonseed meal is not only a
nutritious feed for all kinds of
livestock, Hostetler added, but it
also contains important soil-building
elements which furnish excellent
plant food when returned
to the land in the form of manure.
Practically all cotton growers
of Catawba County are renting
the maximum of 35 percent of
1 ~ A
tneir Dase acreage uuuci uic oujustment
contracts.
The Mecklenburg Jersey Breeders
Association is planning a
j more aggressive campaign for
popularizing the breed in that
section. A Jersey calf club sale
will be held in May.
i ARE 111
Decials 1
JULAR PRICES I
>und, lb 10c
10c
per lb 5c
for 45c III *?.
. for 85c HI S
OAP 25c
OWDER 25c
L lb. can 25c
for 25c
i LARD $6.25 U| /
$7.75 ||1
APPRECIATED
Brothers |j
and Retail
-LE, N. C. I flj
Children i
y Commencement
port next Tuesday.
r soda fountain for
inks of all kinds.
Pharmacy
t, N. C.
E! I
tate Port Pilot.
nt. ft"
ve hope to keep S
?ort and Bruns- sclents.
g
SQUARE jfe
E CENTS"
1 Pae ft