Newspapers / State Port Pilot (Southport, … / July 31, 1935, edition 1 / Page 11
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LfSDAY, JULY 31, 19: K/ANT f IADS! Kgcetre the proper classlfl- I tfpy must be delivered I ,?e otlice on Monday. I F Per Word Mj\TR.ACT bates on I APPLICATION B^niim Charge of 25c I ^ "JJpirant to reach the I K the quickest, surest I expensive way, the I K pnot Want Ads. It ||^llether you j Want To BUY SELL WANT ADS fill Do It wirp as Well i IW %%W v V -WW j j 1 < < I y Dolt I INEY by Other nd Of firtising them I 55 History Of ( Tobacco' Reviewe * :or Many Years Flue-Cur- J ed Tobacco Has Been One Of The Chief Cash Crops For This State; Peak Of Production In In 1930 CONTROL PROGRAM INCREASES PRICE rlue-Cured Tobacco Grown In Virginia, North And South Carolina, Georgia And Parts Of Florida By E. Y. FLOYD Extension Tobacco Specialist, North Carolina State College For many years flue-cured to>acco has been reasonably proftable and one of the state's main ash crops. The peaK year in reduction was 1930, which ammnted to 585,990,000 pounds. The iverage poundage for the five lighest years, 1927, 1928, 1929, .930, and 1933 was 518,299,000 >ounds. The price began to decline in; .930 and continued to do so unil the fall of 1933 when the growers with the aid of the govsrnment agreed to co-operate together to control production. This vas when the adjustment program began to affect the price, rhe price was raised consider ibly in 1933 after an agreement irith the manufacturers to bring he price to a satisfactroy level, >rovided the crop was sufficienty reduced to take out the sur>lus. The surplus was taken out n 1934, and in this state alone I he growers received $122,142,000. rhe growers will also receive a otal of $12,454,459.48 for equalzation, rental and adjustment >ayments, which will be paid in iddition to the splendid increase I n prices. In 1932 sales amounted to $35,l28,000. It is true that the quaity of tobacco over the entire >elts in 1934 was 50 or 60 per ?nt better than 1932 and there va.a some increase in the conlumption of manfactured tobac?. This is a splendid example of | vhat can be accomplished by cooperation of tobacco growers with he Government in a control program. A control acreage program is the only method in vhich fair exchange value can >e expected from tobacco or any other commodity, and the growsrs of flue-cured tobacco can lave a control program so long is the majority of the growers ire willing to cooperate. Tobacco is in a relatively better position than cotton so far \ is foreign markets are concernMi. Flue-cured tobacco is grown n a relatively small area, which ncludes northern Florida, parts >f Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia. FlueBooster Of The Whiteville Mart Jm ; % 1 t'Jrm2k ' J ??H ?II III! Illl J. S. MANN MANN DEPARTMENT STORE J. S. Mann takes the same pride in Whiteville that he takes in his store which is one of Whiteville's most modern and upto-date. Mr. Mann has been active for many years in Whiteville's civic J affairs, being a Mason, Rotarian and officer in the local post of the American Legion. Mr. Mann served in the army 22 months during the World War. In the thirteen years that Mr. Mann has called Whiteville "home" he has seen Whiteville experience remarkable growth. With a force of eight sales people, Mann's Store is one of the leaders in this section and carries a complete line of ladies' and men's ready-to-wear as well as children's clothes. 'I ________ THE STATE I Growing An In North G d By Tobac< ?. Y. FLOYD cured tobacco is best grown on soils that have a previous subsoil about 6 or 8 inches from the surface soils. Extremely sandy j soils with a sub-soil of 2 or 3 feet or the heavy clay soils are not as satisfactory for growing tobacco, considering the average production and quality for each year under normal conditions. The above mentioned territories for growing flue-cured tobacco have the advantage over most of the foreign markets in that the seasons and soils are a little better adapted for growing fluecured tobacco with the quality and aroma that is now demanded by the smoking public. The quality factor is one thing that the above mentioned territories^ must use every possible means to de L 4. knU velop, 11 uiey expect to uum their portion in the production of flue-cured tobacco that they have in the past The following are factors that greatly influence the quality of flue-cured tobacco and should be practiced by all growers in order to obtain the best results: Tobacco Varieties Varieties are very essential. White Stem Oronoco, Virginia Bright Leaf, Bonanza, and Gold Dollar are the types tliat have proved to give tne growers the best yield and quality of cigarette tobacco. In any type of tobacco, the selection of the seed plants in the field is very important. A broad leaf with the fibers not too large and alternating along the mid-rib, and the leaves properly spaced on the stalk always gives better results than the narrow type of tobacco, such as Willow Leaf, or to go to the other extreme, a variety known as Big Gem. Big Gem has an extremely broad leaf and the fibers join at the midrib and extend out through the leaf in an opposite direction making a larger angle between the mid rib than the above varieties. This causes the leaf to break easily in case of wind. Tobacco Fertilizers Fertilizers should be made of the very best materials. The nitrogen should be derived from | & nitrate nitrogen, % ammonia! nitrogen, V* cottonseed meal, and I y4 from blood, fish of tankage. Urea which analyzes 46 per cent nitrogen is also a good source of nitrogen for tobacco. The phosphate should come from superphosphate. The potash should not exceed 2 percent muriate of potash and the remainder from * t* woomoaiiim lime SUipricLLG. XI I IVy KlMgilvWxaa*. stone has been used on your soil I in recent years, it will be profitable to insist that your tobacco fertilizers carry at least 2 percent available magnesium oxide. Most soils of the state require at least 5 to 6 percent potash to give the most profitable re-I suits, however, there are some soils where 8 percent is neces- j sary. Under average soil conditions j the rate of application should be I from 800 to 1,000 pounds per J I acre. The producer in all cases [should know the productivity of | his soil to the extent that he I can make his application of fertilizer to the best advantage, considering the growth and quality necessary for the best market demand. We would recommend on light colored less productive soils of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont sections a 3-8-6. On the heavy more productive soils a 3-10-6. Where tobacco follows a legume crop a 2-10-6 should be used. Under most soil conditions best results are given when the fertilizer is applied in the drill a week to ten days prior to transplanting. On the light, sandy soils that leach readily during heavy rains, two applications of fertilizer should be applied,?twothirds of the fertilizer before transplanting and one-third about 20 days after transpalnting. 'ORT PILOT, SOUTHPORT d Curing irolina Is :o Specialist The second application shoulc be applied as close to the plan! as possible without injuring it In all cases, the fertilizer shoulc be mixed thoroughly in the drill The soil should be ridged so tha' when the tobacco is transplantec it will be above the level of thi soil. The young, transplantec plant will live much better i planted on a bed rather than 01 a small ridge. Tobacco plant should also be kept above thi level of the ground with the mid dies scattered to take care o the excess water. Spacing Tobacco Early tobacco should be plant ed closer together, by all means because early planting has a ten dency to make small growth leaves which generally cure ou as leafy tobacco but not as val uable as a thin, bright, lugg; cigarette type of tobacco. W find that the closer we spac the thinner the tobacco will b when cured. I would sugges i that the maximum distance be | tween hills be 24 inches, and o: very fertile soils 18 to 20 inches I and the rows should be 4 fee wide. Tobacco Cultivation The following plan has givei ? ? ? 4- ft# VMAOA tVlQl ua a net iciuiu vi ju\jlm w?i*< $60 per acre as compared wit] faulty cultivation. 1. The first cultivation of to bacco should begin as soon a the plant shows signs that it L taking root. The best practice i; to cultivate lightly and breal the crust around the plant witl a hoe. 2. Continue cultivating abou every week to ten days unti about a week before you an ready to top the tobacco. In the second cultivation begin putting the soil to the plant in order t< make it put out a new roof sys tem higher up the stalk, which is the normal way the tobacco planl roots. 1 3. Each time the tobacco if cultivated, as much soil as possible should be put around the plant with the siding furrows but keep in mind, at all times these two precautions: First, sc adjust the plow that it does nol disturb the root system of the plant that has already developed Second, do not leave the row ir such condition that you cannol put more soil to the plant at the next cultivation. 4. It is very essential to scat j ?MJCK3CJtKKK3tKK3t3m II )( )! )( 1! i I I W If II mm I! f 11 j | **' Geoi If 1! For twent I! this section tli II could be obtai il e f l | tear or contra I not more that | j feel sure that i ? _ ; My P ( We Have Mat i j HIMiUll NORTH CAROLINA ' ter the middle each time the tobacco is sided. If the middle of j the row becomes hard and the [ | tobacco doesn't look as if it is I growing as it should, one of the best methods to scatter the middle is to use a one-horse turn j plow with the second size mold'jboard (or wing) and scatter the) 1 middle with two furrows. This really breaks the soil in the mid- ; t die of the row and makes it I ideal for root development when 1 the plant reaches maturity. 5. At each cultivation more t soil should be added to the plant] 1 in order, to fully develop the root j - system. When the last cultiva- j 1 tion is completed, (which should f I be about one week prior to top1 ping), the row should be built j 3 up around the plant so it will 3 have developed the maximum I - root system and will at the same j f time protect the plant from extreme wet or extreme dry conditions and will have put all the - available plant food from the ?. middle of the row in reach ofj - the root system of the plant so ii it Will develop early and the ] t plant will not be so easy to take I - second growth as if cultivated I y flat. 1 e Budworms e Budworms are generally very e bad from the time tobacco is 6 it ihches high until it is topped and i- the most effective control method n known is this: Mix together, J. thoroughly 2 pounds of arsenate t of lead to 50 pounds of corn meal; then drop what you can hold between your thumb and a I two front fingers into the bud of a I each tobacco plant. The first api plication should begin when you see the first sign of budworm, j - then follow with a similar appli- | a cation in about two weeks and 3 you will have controlled practics ally all your budworms and the c majority of the early hornworms i as well. One peck of this mixture is sufficient for an acre of t tobacco. 1 Topping : Topping is very essential for i the production of high quality r rimrette tobacco. Tobacco should ' -- o ) be topped leaving the right am ount of leaves on the plant that i will fully develop and mature, t In order to top correctly the producer will have to take into i consideration the fertility of the soil, the amount and kind of fer! tilizer used, and the seasonal , conditions. For instance, it may , be necessary to top some plants ) in the field 18 to 20 leaves high, t Other plants in the poorer part s of the field 10 or 12 leaves high. ; Flue cured tobacco should be i topped just as soon as the tobact co shows signs of buttoning. : I Flue-cured tobacco should never be allowed to blossom before top-1 ping. When tobacco has reached -ge A. Myers v consecutive \ J v-"/ le best of services a ined anywhere. Thi diction that tobacco i any other market, you will sell the re ers W Geo. A. Mj :hadboi le Money For Your this stage, the stalk has gotten 11 so hard that the plant is injured! ? when the top is broken out and the top of the plant never de- j ? velops as it should. If it were 1 possible to do all of the topping t while the top of the plant is so I ? tender you could break the top 8 out with your two fingers, the I development of the piant would c be much better. H Harvesting 1c Harvesting should begin as soon ? as the lower leaves have develop-' J ed and begin to ripen. The low- j1 er leaves can be pulled when [ * they appear a little greener than!1 you would pull any other leaves;1 on the stalk because they gen- J ? erally develop a little more ra-; < pidly than the other leaves. It i1 is generally necessary, under; < normal conditions, to prime to- * bacco at least once a week. I' Special care should be exercised 1 in order to select the most uni- 1 formly ripe tobacco. Tobacco j] should not be crowded on the j 1 stock or in the barn. Three 1 large leaves to a bundle and not ' to exceed 26 to 30 bundles to ' the sticks placed on the tiers 6 1 to 8 inches apart will give the ' most uniform cures because they ' are not crowded to the extent that j1 the tobacco will damage due to p the lack of air. J' Tobacco Curing There are three distinct peri- 1 ods in the curing of flue-cured p tobacco. Namely: (1) the yel-b low stage, (2) setting the col or, and (3) drying the leaf and M stem. Yellowing starts when the: J leaf is primed off the stalk. A 1 fire is started as soon as the to- < bacco is hung in the barn, and the temperature raised in the < barn five to ten degrees higher 1 than the outside temperature, ' usually from 85 to 100 degrees I Fahrenheit. This temperature is ' maintained until the leaf is fair- 1 ly yellow, requiring from 24 to 1 36 hours. The temperature should 1 then be raised 4 to 5 degrees each 1 * J ! Y ELEVEN ;o cure a barn varies from 84 to )6 hours. This outline for curing is gen:ral and should be variously nodified as good judgment dicates. Weather conditions, the tmount of sap in the tobacco, ind other factors may necessitate jrolonging or shortening any one >f the stages. Approximately 1,000 to 5,000 pounds of moisture >r sap must be removed during :ach curing of green tobacco. During the first stages of curng the humidity in the barn is ligh and ample ventilation must >e provided. If the humidity gets rery high during the yellowing (tage the ventilators should be >pened enough to let the excess noisture escape. When the leaf Irying stage has been reached, lie ventilators, both bottom and np, should be open. "Sponging" vill result if the moisture is not 'pmwpH as fast as it is given off. It the temperature is raised too ligh, while the humidity is very ligh, a greenish brown to greensh black color will develop, known as "scalding," and the leaf tissue adjoining the main stem becomes a mottled brown to dark brown color. When a temperature of from 165 to 170 degrees Farenheit has been reached the humidity should be low and the ventilators closed. Sometimes it may be necessary to raise the temperature above 140 degrees to make the leaf dry as it should. ? A condition known as "run" may develop during the latter part of the leaf drying stage if the temperature is allowed to irop several degrees. After the tobacco is thoroughly :ured, the fires are out, and the temperature has gone down, the mm doors are opened in order that the tobacco may come in 'order or case," so that the tomcco can be removed from the mm without breaking. Frequenty, it is necessary to wet the loor of the bam in order to lasten the softening of the cured eaf. The bam is emptied and reilled each week during the rush >f the curing season. When the tobacco is removed rom the bam, it is carried to he pack house and packed in ong pile or windrow where it is eft for a few days. It is then tacked in a square coop with all eaves turned inwardly and the lutt of the leaves showing on the utside. Tobacco so cooped should lave enough moisture in it sohat it will straighten out nicely ;nd undergo such changes as are lecessary for the improvement in oloi. On the other hand, if it is i too high order when-packed, it nay damage. Tobacco packed in his way may then be left until he grower is ready to grade and larket it ^???? / i ! 91 11 91 II 91 91 9 i YOB ! mm yers, Jr. j | 1 i. the farmers of j j -a . i ket prices tbat ; re you without 11 ng as much if st load and we j | op here. | use i! i : t ! I II . ' H m 11 " II ' j, ir i i * -dBf NOT YOU? j . ? ' . I nour, aepeiiumg upuu uw 1 dity with which the green is 1 fading, until 120 to 125 degrees;! Fahrenheit has been reached. By t this time, the leaves should be a pale yellow. This last raise < 1 will toughen the tobacco so that t it will stand higher heat. Hold 1 this temperature until the tips 1 of the leaves begin to dry, then I raise the temperature 4 to 6 de- 1 grees until 135 to 140 degrees t Fahrenheit has been reached, c Hold this temperature until the h leaf tissue is dry. During this t period, the color will be fixed. As a soon as the leaf is dry, raise the r temperature from 5 to 10 degrees c each hour until 180 to 190 de- ii grees Fahrenheit has been reach- r ed. This heat may be held until t the leaf stem is dry in all parts t of the barn. The time required r George A. ears we have given nd the highest mar is year we can assu i sold here will bri Bring us your fir mainder of your cr areho rers, sun LJRN, N. ( Friends... WHY I
State Port Pilot (Southport, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
July 31, 1935, edition 1
11
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