Vp* july 3i-19
CersAdhere |j
To Regulations!;
. nf~590~Cases Show
fc?!wi- ^Up:
jAgreern 1
f71T^ETEB ;
. Of typical cotton j
r^unties in different sec-1
W N'orth Carolina indicate (
W-- been few vio- <
7 the cotton adjustment :
if.0 in the replacement of
or in the reduction ?f
' ? ?nits on the farms so
l^it was affected. Itl;
^ interpreted literally I
Aors also, that in most:
the landlords have had|
Si"s for making changes.
^?1 John H. Workman,
WJ public school superin f
was employed by the,
? hvi'ion of the Agncultur "
''ent Administration to!
i definite survey of typical!
^unties in North CaroWf\ir
Workman began his:
- inril 16. "sin? colleSe
fcs reared, on farms, fa-j
with rural conditions and
K h, farm management, ecoK'
"and sociology. Anson,,
r j Edgecombe, Northamp
pobeson and Rutherford
I tfieCted as the counties fur-1
? fair sample of varying
Eri as could be found.
of a total relief load of
K45OO eases Mr. Workman
tiis field men secured the
0f 773 persons who had
'since 1932. However, it
Kai that 183 of these per-:
licere on farms covered by'
adjustment contracts. This
Rii rases which were studi-1
L tabulated. Of these 590.
K43 or 7.3 per cent, showKge
irregularity or apparent j
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A*. J
'35
violation of the tenant clause of v
the cotton adjustment contract,
rhese cases have been reported {
to the various county control g
committees for further investiga- v
tion. c
To determine if violations were
made, the investigators ascertained
whether the tenant's status
was lowered by the landlord,
whether the landlord reduced the
number of productive units or
farms on his place.
The Counties Studied
But first it would be well to
examine into the counties where |
the studies were made. |
Anson county is typically a
cotton county. It has a population
of 29,343 persons with 52
per cent being Negro and 48
per cent being white. The county
has 3,172 farms in operation ]
and cotton is grown on 94.1 per
cent of these. Of the total number
of farms, 2,100 or 66.2 per
cent are operated by tenants.
Of these 65.3 per cent are Negro
and 34.7 per cent are white. j;
Cleveland countv is the largest ,
SMoa
Mc
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: INI
PIC
Ison
if our M
cotton producing county in the 11
state and has a population of i
51,914 persons. Of this number 11
76.8 per cent are white and 23.2 ,,
per cent are Negro. There are j i
5,181 farms operated in the coun- J (
ty and 96.9 per cent of these |
grow cotton. There are 3,263 or ,
63 per cent of all the farms operated
by tenants and of these ;
tenant-operated farms, 61.6 per ;
cent are by white persons and
38.4 per cent by Negro persons. :
Edgecombe county has a popu- i
lation of 47,894 persons with 56.9
per cent being Negro and 43.1 i
per cent white. There are 4,000 :
farms operated and 82.9 per cent
of these grow cotton. Out of the
4,000 farms, 3,363 or 84.2 per i
cent are operated by tenants.
This, by the way, is the largest
percentage of any county in the
State. Of the tenant-operated 11
farms, 63.9 per cent are operated !
by Negro and 36.1 per cent by
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E OUR DISPLAY (
TERNATION
K-UPS ami TRUC
i Impleme
IcCormick-Deering
miTEVILLE, N. C
*
THE STAT
vhite tenants.
Northampton county has
opulation of 27,161 persons wi
12.7 being negro and 37.3 beii
vhite. There are 3,870 fan
perated in the county and 9(
>er cent of them grow cotton. 1
he total number of farms op
ated, 2,791 or 70 per cent a
perated by tenants and 73.5 p
:ent of these tenants are Neg
ind 26.5 per cent are white.
Robeson county has a popul
ion of 66,512 persons of whi
17.1 are white and 34.3 per ce
tre Negroes and 18.6 per ce
ire Indians. There are 7,6
'arms operated in the county a
57.5 per cent grow cotton,
iiese, 5,413 or 63.3 per cent s
)perated by tenants of which 4;
oer cent are Negro; 34.4 per ce
ire white and 21.9 per cent ]
iians.
Rutherford County has a pc
.llation of 40,452 persons of whi
56.7 per cent are white and 1
oer cent are Negro. There ?
5,791 operated farms and 1,?
or 50.1 per cent are operated
tenants. Of these 84 per cent ?
white and 16 per cent are Neg
Cotton is grown principally as
cash crop in the county thou
the county is one the weste
edge of the belt.
In making their investigatic
of contract violations insofar
tenants on relief were concern
Mr. Workman instructed his fi
men in the six counties to <
tain actual and accurate fa
about the cases and disreg?
opinions and personal feelings,
was found that 2,397 tenants wi
on reilef in the six counties d
ing the period from January
1934 to March 1, 1935. The fi
workers secured 773 card cas
as they were called, but of th
183 were on farms not covei
by contracts so were not studi
This left 590 cases which w>
studied.
It was first found that 278
the cases studied had retained i
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NORTH CAROLINA
ployment or insufficient work'
ing force. Out of the 590 cases
322 claimed they were on reliei
because of financial loss. Some
claimed loss of crop, small crop
insufficient income, stock died 01
| that they failed to get the full
amount coming to them under the
I AAA contract. There were 141
I cases who gave sickness as theii
1 reason for seeking relief and 12C
i who claimed that they were nol
employed for a sufficient length
!of time to support a family. SeV'
en cases claimed that they die
not have suffiicent working fora
j of the right age to produce
enough income to support the
family.
Mr. Workman made a full re
port of each individual case oi
apparent violation to the chair
man of the county cotton adjust
ment committee that it might be
j further studied and some remedi
| al measures be taken. He saie
j that he secured the finest co
[operation from the district relie:
j administrators and from the
county farm agents and case
j workers in the six counties.
"While we found an average o
I only 7.3 per cent of violation:
j of the AAA cotton contract ii
! the number of cases studied, thi
[was one in each 13.7 cases," Mi
j Workman reported. "However
there was enough informatioi
evidenced in the study to con
1 elude that many violations hav
occurred on farms where th
tenant was not on the relie
rolls.
"We studied all active an:
t \
; | eh 4.40x
ill $4.!
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same status that they had before
a the cotton adjustment contracts
th went into effect. Some of these
ng had been given an improved conns
dition and 74 had been moved to
5 2
Rural Rehabilitation farms.
Of
On the average there were 6.6
)e" persons per family in the cases
're under investigation. A number
'er of the families took advantage of
ro the rented acres to grow their
own food and feed. The study
shows that 36.6 per cent did
this while 63.4 per cent did not
:I7 use the rented acres for anything.
The studies also showed there
was considerable shifting about
"d as is the case with most tenants,
O* but on the whole, the shifting
J*? was within the local civil dis3?
trict or township. Mr. Workman
int says only 58 families moved out
^n" of the township and only 13
moved out of the county but 171
'P" families moved about within the
'ch local township leaving an aver3,3
age of 419 families that stayed
ire where they were.
>00 The survey also shows that
Py there was an increase in the
lre higher class of tenancy during the
r?- | period under observation. More
a cash tenants who farmed on their
S*1 own resources were noted. At
:rn the same time there was an increase
in the number of laborers,
ms ] indicating that the middle group
as or share croppers decreased.
Four Reasons for Relief
eld The investigators found four
principal reasons for the 590
cts cases on relief. The tenants said
ird their trouble was due to finan
11 cial difficulties, sickness, unemere
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I For The
4-SOLD C
dit and Terms
imbus
Phiteville, 1
g
.> .
| closed relief cases from cotton
,! farms in the six counties with
t i the exception of two counties,
! I which were studied from active
, I cases only. The results show that
j the per cent of violations are
11 much greater among the active
! j cases on relief rolls."
L Mr. Workman and his field
| men found some interesting
) things in studying the violations.
I' Sometime the landlord decided his
i j farm would not yield enough for
i his own family and that of the
I tenants too, so he reduced the
: I tenants to day laborers. In oth>!
er cases there was not enough
i j workstock on the farm to sup]
port the tenant families and in
| other cases there were disagreef
j ments in settling after the crops
were harvested and sold. In many
- instances the landlords ran shift:
less tenants off the place and
-1 sometimes forgot to secure new
1 j ones as the contract specified.
-1 All of these and many others
f were patiently studied by the field
5 i workers and the results have been
s | turned in to W. J. Green, director
j of the landlord-tenant relationf
j ship survey of the Agricultural
s'' Adjustment Administration at
i j Washington. Dr. C. Horace Hams
ilton, associate professor of rural
'. j sociology at State College and
, j supervisor of the research for
,i this state also has a copy of the
- | findings and will give it careful
e j study for the State College aue
! thorities who have charge of the
f i AAA program in this State. Dr.
J Hamilton said North Carolina
d I farmers are reported to be liv411
HflMfj
1931
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$7"47 5.00x
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"forth Carolii
/
NINE
ing up to their contracts in a
| much fairer w ay than is the case
in some of the other states.
j Weed Production
Highest In 1930
From Farm Forecaster.
The peak of production was
| reached in 1930 with disappoint'
ing prices. In spite of a drop
in production the next year, the
stocks or carryover increased,
which further lowered prices paid
to growers. So in 1932 the production
made a real drop, equal
to the 1921 year when women
| were total abstainers. This affected
the manufacturers' stocks,
and boosted prices some. The exI
pected big crop followed. The
; stocks were thus pushed up in
i 1934, but the 1933-34 AAA tobacco
reduction program assured
the promised reduction, thus affecting
an immediate improvement
in prices. The increases in
consumption greatly reduced the
stocks, so shot the price up to
an average of 27.7 cents for the
1934 season. Parity conditions
were unbalanced in favor of the
growers. For continued good total
tobacco farm income, a re,
turn to parity by increased production
is necessary. In other
words 28 cent tobacco is economically
to high for stability.
I
A grocer advertized apples and
* * - TT- ? * ? eiffn
nuts ior saie. ne put up uic oi6u.
"Shop Early! The Early Bird
jGets the Worm."
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