Newspapers / State Port Pilot (Southport, … / Aug. 14, 1940, edition 1 / Page 15
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> ????? j lilost Of The News :M a (J The Time i ~ ^ ^^ftWELVEfARA oral Of $255 R Columbus ( Rom Conserv Ran Devised For creased Income RrN.C, Farmers can the annual gross in of North Carolina be in!^Kei from 5300.000,000 tc 000 within 10 years? answer to this question is tHi*! in a circular entitled jMjfcisenta! Principles Essent : the Development of North Ifca Agriculture" which has prepared by John F. Goodassistant director of the College Extension Service ree distribution to interested Irs and others. accomplish this annual ini cf $200,000,000 in gross income. Goodman outlines je-point program: Produce adequate food for amily ami feed for the livel'se a cropping system and iier practices that will mainthe soil in a highly produccor.dition. -Produce cash crops comI with sound livestock, dairy, poultry activities in such dex will provide the cash jtd by the family, kc second point in the prop --ar.s the rotation of crops, pet adherence to the agripal Conservation Program of t lime and phosphate where pi building terraces, growicgumes and winter cover p and the planting of trees pait severe erosion. All of p things the Federal governt viill pay a farmer for do[l MAINTAIN' FERTILITY [ the 'cash crop' system F following, little f' been given to mainN fertility of the soil, I childlike trust is placommercial fertilizers for I - acre yields,' Good| Any program to |=;- farm income must be " maintaining the soil in |Hr?y productive condition". specific recommendations ' rst and third points of vjB?h>tram, the Extension leadto the conclusions by 50,755 farmers who ^Bf-paied in 834 planning in 06 counties in 1936. mS recommended adjustments * taught up to date by J. E. jgB Extension Studies Econ'^B of the adjustments in acres j^B'-vs and numbers of lives"e based on 1939 figures. LB1 balanced agriculture, the A, fnendations first call for a ?rKrt decrease in corn, a 18 decrease in peanuts, and Percent decrease in tobacfis the minus side of the V' and since tobacco acreB this year more than 25 JsB-t below 1939 acreage, no ?P'r adjustment would be needW "*'> No. l cash crop. 0 L 0,6 P'us side, the recomcall for a 39 percent *-V: in open pasture, a 12 W'' increase in cultivated jB a 33 percent increase in ^B^! a 23 percent increase in ?rain, a 16 percent increase M a 27 percent increase in a 39 percent increase in a 28 percent increase in a 27 percent increase ^B-ae. a 20 percent increase in M"'*- a percent increase gjtastock. and a 157 percent in sheep. W-F-r>b unified effort V''' are the adjustments Mr. Goodman says should B is income of North B ra farmers from 300 to 500 dollars annually, and proll"?r" abundant living on the |B, ?ut't is a program that the unified effort of all People", he declared, ad%| program of the SouthH "*?nUnued on page 6) r COURTEOUS TH1 HERS j ,127 Expected j Hounty In 1940 'ation Payment * Better Than 99 Per Cent Of The Farmers Of The County Are Complying With Soil Conservation Plan This Year I ONLY 62 GROWERS OUT OF 5182 FAIL . I .; Figures Prove Beyond A , I Doubt The Extent To Which The Farmers Of Columbus County Tried To Cooperate This Year 1 By S. C. OLIVER County Farm Agent ,' 5120 farm operators of Columbus County out of 5182 complied I with the Agricultural Conservation Program for 1940. This leaves only 62 farmers in our county who overplanted their acreage al-1 lotments to the point that they I j will not draw payment under the j . ! 1940 Agricultural Conservation 1 1 Program. Of the 62 growers, 20 11 growers had not signed work- 1 sheets and did not have allot- 1 ments and consequently would not have received any payment. This j leaves only 42 growers who will ' lose payments on account of overplanting. This gives Columbus county farmers a compliance record of 99.19% of the Agricultural Conservation Payment for _ tthe county that amounts to $255,- ' 1127.40. The 5120 growers who are comJ plying with the Program this I year have already put out 1,942 tons of ground Agricultural lime! stone and they have ordered 200,j 900 pounds of Austrian winter a peas to be put out in September 1 | and October of this year. This j lime and Austrian winter peas g j will go a long way to help improve the soil and cut down on I fertilizer bills for 1941. Addition- a | al orders for lime will be taken y the latter part of August and September for immediate delivery t, for those growers who have not e earned all of their soil-building p payment. Growers will be notifi- r ed in time for them to place their y orders if they wish to purchase 0 lime for September delivery. Orders against the 1941 crop can c be placed in December. b The above figures prove be- j yond doubt that the extent to c which the farmers of Columbus fi County tried to cooperate with 6 the Farm Program for 1940 and o by reason or iius ciose coopera- p tion of the farmers, the County l Farm Agent's office has been 7 able to have signed and transmitted to Washington to date ti 700 Cotton Adjustment Applica- e tions for which payment is ex- t: pected to be received within the a next few days for the first batch 1 and thirty to forty days for all 1 that have been transmitted. a 4 "Honey," said the new husband u to his bride, "do you earnestly p believe I'll prove a satisfactory mate?" "I think you'll do for a mate l all right," replied his little girl. J "And now just look me over and tell me what you think of your -i captain." I British Women "Smoke To Win" The British woman has taken ( to "smoking for victory", accord- a ing to a speaker at a meeting of 1 wholesale tobacconists in Bir- < mingham recently. "There is no < doubt", he said, "that the great prevalence of smoking women to- ] day has vastly increased the re- j turns of the inland revenue". i Despite the recently increased i taxes on tobacco, the speaker j said, he was still optimistic and was relying "to a great extent on i a certain amount of assistance ' from the womanhood of this i country, who are so nobly help- 1 ing the common cause by smok- j in g for victory'."?Canadian 1 j Cigar & Tobacco Journal. j 5 SERVICE E SL A Goo Southport Srei TC 1 ^ ?i tit rl 'Si^ jj:-; :;. n . ., jUB3gfl k -$ DECADE AGO?Tobacc( ire here pictured in the ph( aere. Two of those pictured ited with the Lea Warehou Wilson, Ben Blankenship, Ei he late Harry G. Lea, Ben j. Abbott, Bion Sears, Bruc ,vho could not be immediati ?(Photo used by courtesy < foliarcn Outlook On July First Tobacco Crop Smallest In The U. S. Since 1927, With The Exception Of Two Drought Years With the exception of 1932 and he two draught years of 1934 ,nd 1936, the tobacco crop of ,291,685,000 pounds indicated on uly 1 this year is the smallest ince 1927; about 30 per cent less han was produced in 1939 and bout 5 per cent below the 10ear (1929-38) average productton. A total of 1,437,300 acres of obacco is now estimated for harvst in 1940, which is about 29 er cent below yast year's near ecord of 2,014,500 acres. The 10ear (1929-38) average acreage f tobacco is 1,673,750 acres. Much of the decrease in tobaco production is accounted for y the sharp reduction indicated uly 1 4n production of flueured tobacco. The prospect is or a flue-cured crop of about 76,645,000 pounds this season ompared with 1,159,320,000 ounds produced in 1939 and the 0-vear average production of 09,466,000 pounds. The 753,300 acres of flue-cured obacco now estimated for harvst in 1940 is in marked conrast to last year's record acrege of 1,287,900 acres and the 0-year average of 907,180 acres, 'he decrease in the flue-cured creage from last year of about 2 per cent is distributed rather niformly over the 4 types cornrising this class of tobacco. Fourteen Per < Farmers Of Cc Of the 5,182 tobacco farm operators in Columbus county this year, 771 of them are women, bounty Agent S. C. Oliver has announced. This means that of :he total county tobacco farmjrs, approximately fourteen per rent of them are women. Mr. Oliver hastened to explain that this figure does not nclude the farm tenants, on vhich figures are not available 'rom the records in his office it the present time. How many of these feminine 'arm operators are actually 'Ladies Of The Plow" could \ lot be learned, but it is known ;hat quite a number of farm vomen in this county often:imes assume the duties and responsibilities of the men in ON COLUM 4TE d News paper N. CM Wednesday, . cooi >BACCO YESTERD SliHPP*? /E i y \ * M ' * ~ iiim ?^ "M 81^W mists of yesterday and tod jtograph taken just a decai have passed into the Grea se back in 1930, are, left t< ugene Sears, George Blair, Pierce, Reuben Hooks, am e Davis, A. H. Moore, J. i sly identified), Jud Hooks, rf Mrs. Don Hayes.) Conservation Soils Is IV Sandy Soils Are Considere< Best For Tobacco, Bu Here Erosion Is Definiti Threat To Tobacco Land PLANTS CANNOT STAND "WET FEET' I Erosion Is Major Problen Especially In The Upper Coastal Plain And The Piedmont Regions Of Tobacco Belt By John Fox State Extension Editor If we are to continue growin] tobacco, our No. 1 cash crop i: North Carolina, something mor than is being done must be don to conserve tobacco soils, say W. D. Lee, Extension soil con servationist of State College. Soil considered more suitable to to bacco are those of sandy char I ,a,?. Hint to oan^t, l?Qmo tnn avtci uiui< 10 ounu^ avwxiw soils, and loose open subsoils o sandy clay material. "But, as the result of erosio the sandy loams have becom clay loams, or even clays, 1; numerous counties in the Stat< especially in the upper Coasts Plain and Piedmont regions", Le declared. "In one county alon there are some 55,000 acres s badly washed and gullied as t be entirely abandoned; and an other 108,000 acres of parti; farmed and partly idle land, bu handled at a loss because of ero sion. This erosion was brough about by tobacco farming, an the county that once was secom Cent Of Weed >unty, Women the tobacco field. The women play an important part in the growth and cultivation of tobacco. While the planting of the beds is left mostly to the menfolks, from the time the tobacco is transplanted in the field (in which operation the women play a vital role) the women have their part in the cultivation and harvesting of tobacco. Those not actually operating farms, help their husbands and the other menfolks with their cultivation of tobacco. Most of the tobacco "stringers" are women, a great many of the handers also. Women play a leading part in the grading and tjfing of tobacco also. . BUS COUNT POR' In A Good Coi August 14, 1940 WK] AYS f?By ' '< it? - " *4vkr viMEy,. ,jL~ JP^^9^e*Cg ay on the Whiteyille market ie ago in the Lea Warehouse t Beyond. This group, associ> right, seated: the late J. A. Frank A. Hayes, Ike Powers, I Jim Herndon; Standing: T. tester Powell, (A gentleman t ? ? ur:i i n r uw vv libun, ctiiu u. vjnea. Of Tobacco lajor Problem ? - * j | in wealth in the State is now fai ? I down the list in financial and agricultural resources." NOT AN EASY TASK The task of conserving tobaccc soil is not an easy one, the ? specialist pointed out. The tobacco plant cannot tolerate "wet feet." Too much water in the soil cuts off the oxygen supply | to. the roots and the plant really suffocates. That is why sandy soils are considered best for tobacco, but such soils permit water to move downward quite rapidly after rains, and it is not long r, before the ideal sandy loam is n deposited in some river bed. p J Lee recommends a combined e ; system of terracing, row arranges ment and grade of rows, the . vegetating of depressions, strip s cropping, rotations, winter cover, ? and the protection of all water .. disposal areas. Extensive observations and { studies conducted throughout the Piedmont and upper Coastal n Plain tobacco-growing areas dur e ing uie pasL uiree years muieaie n that no one treatment is suffici, ent to control erosion and yet j permit proper drainage on tobacco e land. e It was found that a terrace 0 grade of six-inch fall per 100 feet, 0 on terrace lengths not in excess of 600 feet, functions very satisy factorily when row arrangement t is properly worked out. Row grades have always been diffit cult problems. The studies indij cate that the grade of guide rows ^ should be limited to a maximum of 12 inches per 100 feet. Not less ~ than three rows should be laid 1 out parallel to the upper terrace I in each interval, and when increased row grade is necessary, the lower rows should be given L the added fall. The length of row drainage will generally b: less than 250 feet on the average field, and should be held below 300 feet if possible. SHOULD VEGETATE DEPRESSIONS The specialist says that probably the most common cause of row breaking or rill formation occurs where rows attempt to cross field depressions. "Usually the only satisfactory method to overcome this difficulty is to vegetate these natural depressions, and let rows discharge water at these points", Lee stated. Strip-cropping also effectively prevents movement of soil into terrace channels. Some use buffer strips of mixtures of redtop grass, orchard grass, and common lespedeza. (Continued on page 6.) Y TOBACCO r pil mmunity PUBLISHED E rlNGj j Employment In Weed Industry Shown In April WASHINGTON ? Employment in the tobacco industry during April 1940, as shown by statisics of the U. S. Department of Labor, just made public, with compar| isons, is as follows: Chewing and smoking tobaccoj and snuff factories showed em-1 ployment at 58.5 per cent., a de-! : crease of 3.2 per cent, from | March 1940 and 6.00 per cent, i from April 1939. These same I firms had payrolls at 64.2 per | cent., a decrease of 4.0 per cent., j compared to March 1940, but an' I increase of 0.8 per cent, com-. {pared with April 1939. Cigar and cigarette factories showed employment at 64.3 per cent., an increase of 0.6 per cent, over March 1940 and an increase of 1.8 per cent, over April 1939. These same firms had payrolls at 58.0 per cent, during April 1940, ! an increase of 2.0 per cent, over ;! March 1940 and an increase of 7.8 per cent, compared with April 1939. \C hewing Tobacco Used In Courtrooms Chewing or "eating" tobacco is j used extensively in the court! room of Columbus county where ] smoking is prohibited. A survey < of the male courtroom spectators [ reveal that about three-fifth or | more of them are given to the, use of "eating" tobacco. Italy's principal air and naval t I j base in Eastern Libya is at' Tobruk. Coalmining accidents accounti ed for 33 of the 39 industrial s fatalities in West Virginia during . June. ; N.C. Produces : Of Flue Ct Bright Leaf Tobacco Was '] First Grown In 1852 In Caswell County, N. C., By Slade Brothers BORDER BELT GROWS 12 PER CENT OF TYPE Only One Per Cent Of The Entire Tobacco Crop In North Carolina Is Devoted To Burley Weed Bright leaf tobacco was first I grown in 1852 in Caswell Coun : ty, North Carolina, by Eli anai Elisha Slade. Today, there are four types of flue-cured tobacco, ; of which three are grown in North Carolina, i The Old Belt (Type 11) is grown in the Piedmont counties! : on the loam and sandy loam soils! derived from the underlying gran- i ite, gneiss, slate, etc. These soils,' as a general rule, have heavy i clay subsoils. The newer flue-cured (types 12 i and 13) are produced in the! i Coastal Plain on the sandy soils i of marine origin. The main difference to be found between the Old Belt and the New Belt to. bacco is in the type of leaf pro' duced. The Old Belt leaf is generally heavier in body and ; darker in color than that of the new types. North Carolina also produces a small quantity of Burley tobacco in the mountain counties. This tobacco is of the air-cured group ! and is known as Type 31, being grown also in eight other states, i of which Kentucky and Tennessee are most important. i Of the total tobacco produced , in this State in 1939, the Old. Belt grew 35 per cent, the New , Bright Belt grew 52 per cent, the Border Belt 12 per cent and ' the Burley Beit 1 per cent. | WAREHOUSE SALES ! There are over one hundred and eighty-five tobacco ware-J houses operating in North Car-| olina on forty markets. These! markets are distributed by belts^ ? MARKETS ,0T |s ;VERY WEDNESDAY mm Farm Woman I Large Part In Of American -* ai th I 111 SHI be cm? S. McXlMMOU HI A Third Of English a Women Are Smokers ** sh Two-thirds of the women of st . TJ England don t smoke, a cneca-up i? of the British Isles revealed. The I m i gji war, however, has caused the j cc number of feminine tobacco ad- IE diets to increase?probably be- I ^ cause of the nervous tension un-1 as der which the British today are g, required to live. Just how many women of the United States are users of cigar- re ettes is not known, but they will ? m not approximate half, it is be- c( lieved. fa ai The simple, unspoiled savage tribe" in almost any region has more traditions and taboos than jec a scholar can ever record. !al di i Three Kinds al ired Tobacco or as follows: Type 11, 18; Type th 12, 13, Type 13, 7; and Type 31, w i ne 2. The law requires that each! warehouse report their tobacco j fa sales at the end of each month in to the Commissioner of Agricul- ec ture. The Division of Statistics | ioi tabulates and summarizes these! reports and issues a monthly re- j m lease during the marketing sea- aj son on pounds sold and average price by markets, belts and State ta total. The result is that North w Carolina has a complete record w of all tobacco sold on ware- ^ house floors and the average 3j, price received by growers since jn 1919. The tobacco sales data is of great help to the Crop Report- |.{ ing Service in checking their in estimates of production. Sales, (g however, for a given belt do not m represent the exact production ,in for that belt, because tobacco is ^ often sold in a different belt from the one in which it is pro- jn duced. For instance, in 1938 the Border Belt sold 83,837,358 pounds m of producers' tobacco, but pro- bl duced only 61,920,000 pounds. A gv large quantity of South Carolina c(] tobacco was sold on the Type 13 th markets in addition to several m million pounds which were pro-' nc duced in Type 12. !cl] While the tobacco sales data al provide an excellent check on se production, the Crop Reporting jjj Service must have reliable in- jj, formation earlier in the season, ar as they estimate production in fa July before most types are har- in vested. These estimates are bas- in ed mainly on reports from grow- pt ers and field observations. It is {o interesting to recall that when < the first estimate of the 1939 crop was published last July, the trade and the general public ol questioned its reliability proclaim- gj ing that the poundage was un- ^ reasonably high. However, in Dec- y, ember, when sufficient quantities a, had been marketed to foresee the b, final production, the estimate was g, placed at 773,810,000 pounds, or about seveftty-three million pounds more than the July estimate. p* ~ ] I ECTION III $1.50 PER YEAR AAA s To Play A The Future Farm System BY JANE S. McKIMMON What I find in paper and mag:ine today about farming in ie south is so hopeless that I in't agree with the finding for believe I see something that happening on North Carolina ,rms and in the farm home hich makes me far from pesmistic about the future of the rm family. Perhaps the average net cash come from farm crops of all asses of North Carolina farmers is not risen appreciably since 115 when it was computed to be >out $230.00, far too low to prode comforts or conveniences id far too small to provide for e education of the children. But sat is not the only income to i gotten from the North Carola farm. There is a second type, mainly food product income, which car id does take care of a bif; lare of the family's needs. A udy made by the Bureau of ome Economics, U. S. Departent of Agriculture, in 1936-38, lows the average net farm in>me of 458 families in Nash and dgecombe, big tobacco and cotin counties, to be $1777 divided i follows: $1065 In money from ties of crops and $712 in farm roducts such as food and fuel. In the same year the Bureau iported a similar survey in the ountains. Macon and Jackson (unties with 823 non-relief white irni families having an averse net income of $697. Only 17 of this income was obtain1 in money but the average net inual income from things proiced and consumed on the farm as valued at $504. This ranked lem second highest in goods proiced and consumed at home, of 1 the groups of farm families :amined in the United States irvey. And the live-at-home recd was made despite the fact at the 823 families were nohere near the top in average it annual income. Neither was the value of their ,rm land, dwellings and buildgs high but the study reveal1 a deep-felt appreciation on the mily's part of the importance the kitchen garden in the et and also the fact that the ilk and cream supply were itonishingly ample. Poultry, eggs, pork, grain, potoes, syrup, honey and sorghum : ere also home produced and the hole furnished a varied and ade- . late diet wnicn maae it posble to release the small cash come for other things. Suppose you or I could be reived from the necessity of payfor the food supply for our mily, wouldn't we feel that ' uch had been added to our , come a'nd that tremendous pro- > ess had been made in ability advance our standard of iivg? I believe all of us agree that oney is not the big thing in life it strangely enough when we aluate a nation, a state, a iunty, or a family we think of e impressive things which oney has enabled men to show, >t the good bodies and sturdy laracter that struggle has ended them to develop. I have en amazing things done with ;tle cash when there is willgness to spend plenty of brawn id brain on the undertaking and ,rm people have been interested learning ways of accomplishg through acquiring skills and itting what they had to work r them. JRGANIZING FARM WOMEN AND GIRLS Thirty years ago there were no ganizations for farm women or rls in North Carolina other than lose provided by church sociees and school betterment groups, id there were few meetings that ought community people toother in a common interest. < The Home Demonstration Club, iginning in 1911-12, reached ia> (Continued on page 61 I ,
State Port Pilot (Southport, N.C.)
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Aug. 14, 1940, edition 1
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