FIGHT IS FOR MASTERY OF SEA
This Has Been I-.'itslar.tl's Since de
feat of Armada in is"!) Result Un
certain. (From the New York World)
It is over two weeks since the an
nouncement was made that the En
glish tleet of the North Sea had left
Portsmouth under sealed orders to
meet the German tleet. The im
penetrable veil of the censor, sitU:-.1:
in Loiulo ) r.r.d control ling the er.etny's
rev. s ;':. well as his own, was lii'ud for
this ''are statement. Then it
fell r
pi.-,
The ou
There
beard t
Sea to
thoaali
.'i 1 1
-1 m,
-ed t.:
,or;
ea.
,s,el. li
however
be, yet it is
is -till 1 ii
..-.-els cor,.: l.r
tarn poi.s to
the
n t'e:
Rumors af
..ns have s
: tro
I ..til'
-er-
s,
t!i.-
f-.b. wed bv ) ! r
Ihitish have .'.vo.
tleet near its :.,
at WilheVmshaec'i ,
It seems reas'. aa
had met with acttia
r JI1101:-.
tlh.t
IV 1 111-
r navai i
and Iiebg
if the
ipon the
sea, that the unu.-:i censor wooa t ne
ready to pub!i.-h them. If the Ger
mans have had successes the censor
i,.,.-,:k. ho ov0,.t.j t,-, ,,,K-.,. t; ,
the tact. Everything is lair m love
and war, savs the old adage Love ii
always witli the world; there are
daily' reminders and the world ruu
now' to learn anew that in war also
everything is fair
Finished Products
, llnl!ua iroauus.
The two fleets in the North Sea are
their intricacy of construction and
their death dealing facilities the tin
ished product of all the ages of mar
time warfare warfare which is as owl
as thj sea and as old as mankind,
t ighting for the supremacy of the
sea today warfare will not, as in the
past, be conhned to the surface. It
will have the assistance of mysteri-
ous crait p ying to and in, ia the ?u0.
1 , f,:.n Mf. r , , ,
will strike their deadly blows iro'i
the upper air.
lt was three hundred years ago
that 1' rancis Bacon told tne Engiisn
people--';He that commands the sea
is at great liberty and may take a
much as as little of the war as he
will, whereas those that be strongest
by land, neverthe. ess, often in dif
ficulties." This truth was not new to
Bacon's age, t.e age of Frobishe",
Drake, and v alter Raleigh, lt a:is
then as old as t. existence of nations
and the existence of war. Primitive
man soon learned it by bitter ex; en-
ence his com.utsts on land swept
away by an enei . sailing tnump ia it
upon the water, stealing upon his do-
fenseless shores co despoil him and
make him a slave.
Must Gain on Sea
r- ,,... . ,.
tious
v.cw;...j u.iuci . ".w.i" o tiioei-
world
;?fS "-ther Water-
at!?,
Germany loses this land battle, her
ambition can yet me satisned it shd
gains in her warfare upon the sea. Jf
JI
ht. oi;,i- k i,i,, ;,,u i i
1"s $f, " f tlUT hA ?" 4a,,d-
to limit her nower on land if shp . ,'inl
ieated
comnn:
h
tor
,.,., i u.. .. .
in me oaiiies uecu l mr tne enm
h j L 1 it r ' VnVi ';'y
batt P r V ! g POi'UtS- Tuhe T'
4MI u' U mitS WUS l0U.sht,-B' '
saved th.: European C
lp.I rb. . ,-, n.,u.,h
Vi lent
;.r,' ;. -l
Th . n v TT - "Ji'd rhe rcr
ii'lii 1 - ... i"t -x Actium was
ight b. C. A. it, overthew An ho-
sias
xuuiu u. ji. ii overthew An ho-
Hl rfheTef could 'Sfualle m, of neral Briiish policV, "Pf' ween Great Brit-
old thp rnmm in.l r,f o rt,v.., " "nicn iook everyimng it could get up- ' Europe, is careiuuy
"i ous onfv Toon vl l-.nd y 0,1 the ?eas- tha" any specific bea- "P 'aided by the fortifications along
V.0Urun'L;'pn t;1e.ldnu- , elits to be obtained. .the Humher River. Plymouth Har-
aim Lieopatra ami overthrew an in Last Atnca ot the ambitious young
well their plan of making Alexandria German empire, and accordingly do
in Eygpt me Capital of the Roman manded Zanizabar, which Germany
.mpi.e anu .-naping its destinies ey
r.uiei
Ti, ,.; .. , . , . , , . , in me- ioi t nseu mere are tieiense i
Vl V t Af ' um ';:aae Octaus lorced by arms, Germany quiet y pav-j wol.ks with heavy 1)10(lel,, which I
tl, , ;epU u, a:ld "s r l'p.r,.aSrt'i COm,pt'nsat,on lhs command the main channel, a point of I
v hi r , T " L- lVt"' ' "lam 0l- 1Ie".Fam1' . t . defense since the time of James I., co:
iL ian P " ' Sh f 0t ''I ,Mrwi.."Vnreir'ement'' 8t0Vme1 ivi-Jc-nt also with the time of Wil liam
th V , , I ' beginning of ;.uaia,t William lis action, saying of Orange, who, havintr made a suo
the i.omaii Linjnre. Which in one that m rennniusliintr Zanzibar li.r u.... .t ,. , , 1
form or another, lasted unui Xapo- many dashed to the ground its hones
leon's time. of building up a great German state
Where England's Sea Power Began. ; controlling the whole of East Africa.
Two Sicily s, rule of the other Euro- British statesmen were correspond
The defeat of the mighty Spani ai ingly jubilant over their "bargain."
Armada of Philip II. King not only The Kaiser, then two years upon the
oi j-pain, uut ot Portugal and of the
lirnvwn ':im I , t,
and sailors under Columbus, Vasco da
Gama, Cortes, Pizzorro and Albuquer-
que the defeat of the Spanish armt. -
da by the English in 158'J, when Eli-
aabeth was Oueen, not only saved
Fno-hmH t tfL wl'il S .
English civilization to 'the Western 1
w.i.i e t.. i i A " I
Wor d 1 of America It begins also the
Z f vZfll.v' L!gi"!.,!?,i'1!
the sea, to which she owes her wrt
empire today, as well as teaching her
and all other nations that the de
fense against invasion lies not alone,
in armies upon the land, but also in
ships and sailors upon the sea.
Geeat Britain was again rescued
from invasion, and this time from the
domination of Napoleon I, by :he bat-
pean lands and "iord ot the Indies.'' keep silent. He spoke in eloquent i'""- ' ' . "vus po"u.-, uiese nav-;
the sovereign of a widespread mara-'terms of the bond uniting him to ln? increased number and;
time empire ia Asia, Africa and Great Britain through his grandmoih- V1U'11 llcd ?tren.tb of recent years
Amorifu n-r,,, i. v,,i,..i nnn -;..fv;., i, i,.V.i for tear of the Germans. The ida
tie of Trafalgar in ISO1! "Frdnrl . "T wlc """" ""port-
will be ours- six "entariea hSSe T6 to he GerJlany n?Vy a,Jd
Si insult will be avenged' said . Bo!'?,
naparte. anticiDatine naval conauest r"- . .if ," History or lamous Datties ana
BTNelscTK description of the Kaiser as , naval heroes. Germany has none,
tory, flying' the famous signaling- fe" 8 best "rcal trav- never before haying had a navy.
land exDects even' man will do hi? I f J' tt. , j j ,. , , . But ln weighing the prospects of
dut' giving up his oi life in fouL " England owned Heligoland to-'victory. for one side and then for the
Wrfno. it AiMuto ' day Kne could Poetically command other, in the struggle, in the North
Seln the htS ofThe command !te Nh Sean bth Sea 'or mastery gof the SeanfS
Sf the sea and stated Great Sain Vi 0Uld v-SC rt aS, B8al base f?r i"ust not foret ho val victory
anew upon her faKlwSSsfc ,herTfI BluS. "1lPlth the in has always been obtained. It has
anew upon ner mumpr.ant progrebS. protection of its fortresses as great not been through the highest perfec
ts xt . , ihed at flet 89 she "ld ,need t0 overwe '.tion of mechaniism in war vessels, nor
Before Napoleons European power . the Germans. From Heligoland, Eng. always through numbers, but through
Tiad waned, and engineer of Irish- land could invade Germany, probably .the highest bravery of the sailors m
Amencan stock, Robert Fulton, went with ease and success. If she had a Ion them and the courage and heroism
to Pans to nersuada him to nrinnt , naval 4WH-aai tha ;n ; 1.1 i i j- B , ""u "cruisiu
,Q. i v;- xt.
Steam propulsion in his navy. Napo-
leon was
amused at Jvulton's teakettla
device--and England was spared the
... ,
Swedish engineer living in the Unite !
cHts Fi i. nn l.v name, sent
mored turret hio of what became
Napoleon II a design for a small at--known
afterward as the Monitor
tvne. Eiiesson war.ted nothing lnu to
hVin France aramst Russia, the an-
dent e'lemv of Sweden. Napoleon de
clined the od'tr with a letter of thunns
a.'J ErL-ssoii's M.niior was th.
e vilieh
ti.il V:
t.i i:aal histo-y
'f the C-r.:'e!-
- "
T
.-ia
Men
Xi.v-
and Ja;
wato- ?.
v.ar n LV.si
: . .!-?
-a.-l'.iaia, the
his iart:rri-:g
I'.t.-'.id mi to
. n.
A.lmi.-al T'
iiule of '
the sieuai yan'.s of the
rise ci fall of oar ea'pi
on's lodav's i'atiie. I
Mlliasa: "Th.!
deptr.ds up
t every man
do his uuiio-t,'' It
wu
hundred
years after Trafallgar. Japan swept
the Kusian tleet Irom the sea at tsus-
hiin.i nr.d swei.t it from Eiwttrn wat- -
J'- s.' K'dum's V'.aeo among the great
powers ef ihe'world dates from thut
naval victory.
Should Germany be aide to obta.n
such a victory in the North Sea
acainst the British tleet, it would va.i.c
in importance, in her empire building,
ito a Trafalgar or a Tsushimna.
Great Britain's natural enemy in the
:orth Sea is France this being d -
f. '? ' s L' ' le.', ,1" T ,
rom the sol. Vrance, separated
from her only bv the narrow English
Channel, Britai'.i has been invaded
time and time again. The Roman le-
gions reached her shores that wa.-,
bringing her under Roman subjection
and keeping her thtre for several
vel. . Francend Sd
"h; ifis his rule
.Biitnr iu Wi am lid nnunn
upon the country and establishing a
upon the country ana establishing a ;. i" mc i.umhj, imu
line of soveregins which have, in one the llooks published on the subject,
branch or another, reigned in the seeing the plays at the theater m
country ever since. William of Or- tended to arouse the people to their
" u r..... .,.. .... ibuifpr. and listening to thp plooiipiir.
,.',cs lt landed upon English 'shores
at Torquay, near Plymouth, Novem
ber 5, 1(588, to assume the English
crown and reign as King William III.
England's Eyes on France.
English naval defenses of the Eiit
ish lies has until very recent
times always been directed with its
eye upon France. The Teutons acroes
the North Sea were not especially
feared The old Vikings' of the North
had come into England by that wav,
but centuries of security from their
descendants, too weak for an invasion
'of any powerful country, eliminated
any North Sea problem in British
statesmanship. The little island of
TTii,,..!.,,,,! r;,.,.,,t D't!1i r,,.
ast of Denmark was ;
.... .1-.. .' i.. .
Wrul
s otS chte-HoIrtein who
were kings, also, Denmark. Mav.y
times thev nawned it to thp fi-PP Gpv.
II I i j
man tuy ui jiainuuig ior loans an-
vanced. The English seized it in 1807
and h.elti " uLlt!l Oenmark formady
: n,,.,o du..
p T V u. ,
k 'U""U,'tt h,L'h hUn obt,aint,J
b'wig-IIoste.n iro Denmark by
.-.f ;t .1....,, i.Vi.i i7,,T ". V. ,. ...hi
V, , . i Vi, i ,
'o ..I''" 'vT1' f Ie ,r0llaiVS ''J
10( when England decided that it
would like to check the growing power
wouui ii!e to cheeK the growing powe
owned, I tit which ime was too weak
throne, was diplomatic enough
nli tka if,.lf 7.,:il.f.,.ii..i:
Roland, and who was just as jubilant
over the British "bargain" as were
; her statesmen.
Heligoland Invaluable
t "l"-ojana lnvludDle
L Jt. tok a considerable period for
f th "t willim iTf8!! PJ1
fact that William II had set him-
I Y"!, 11 had,- le.
,s.eIf t the task of accomplishing for
f'Tw uLr u i '
.. ...juv. lou iuuuucu uii an siues oy coast line,
for the Germany Army. Heligoland ; will maintain itself as a naval power
became a new naval station off the! much longer than any other, that in
mouth of the Elbe, The old-fashioned if act, such a State can alone becoma
English batteries were replaced by a martime power. Germany would
armoured turrets mounting guns of thus be handicapped at the very be
heavy caliber. The largest ships can ginning by her geographical position
safely ,ride at anchor in its harbor, land her one coast line in her ambi-
T" "i j r - i " """.""J imve uispiayea unaer a corn-
serve to guard her from Germany in'mander who coul most. H.nlw ir-.l
jthe same manner aa the German for-
tress at Metz, on the frontier of i
Gennany from that
. Wilhelmshaven, the chief naval sta-
tion of the Germans, dates as a 1 ru
-ian possession only Ivom 18, whon
lt was bought troin me urami uui.e
of Oldenburg. The construction of
the harbor and town began in 1S35
am
isted until lfe'Ui, and since then a
urge, new naroor lias ueen vuiix, io.
'.as vessels in commission which e.x-,-nds
over an area of 170 acres. New
iocUs have been built irom time to
tine, the latest or.ts, completed i.i
;it a ie
les'r.ips.
ct
.lining tr,.'
tlnve en-
'at.
11
:ui iu'.v harli r;
ig and massive
organization of
, l.uihi.-.e sho
am.-at dockyard,
i l.-.'tv wall wi.'i
d tli.
I V
Viwn al tie Kitl Canal
the i cp-'. i --'noal.l prove to I
tiu t i he ihuisil iieet has bottle. i
at i f the Cc; iraas rt Wilhelr:--l.
it is i.:;!ivuit t see where th.-:
ia! advantages lies to the Dnt-'
The German:- ought to be aott ;
sy calmly bottled v and ire o':t
".uiver--;".ry. They may not be
to vet i'oe'd supplies through the
urates cf the North Sea, i lit there ;.-,
the Kiel Canal, begun in 1SS7 and com- !
iile'ed in lM'ti, which runs Irom li
the
River Floe and connects' the
ind the North Sea. Germany's
i.uk .
largest
td tinest war vessels can
pass through the Kiel Canal from ne
Baitic and any merchant marine which
i'"" " wu " k..
same way to bring her food. In the
Ha tie she has a, long stretch of coast
well lortitied, and triendly reutoi i.:
reoples in the Scandinavian 1 eninsala
who would be likely to give her covert
assistance against the slight menate
of a rot powerful Russian Baltic fleer
The Entente Cordiale with France
having dismissed the hoary spectra
an invasion Horn the tneiisn Ghaa-
fU tJi'eat Britain has had, for 10
years or more, the bugaboo of a Ger-
invasion from the North fcea.
Her coast defenses are. however, f
numerous and so strong that it seen s
;illiu.-li:i mill Mie snuuiu "C
But the bugaboo is r.l ft. as any
one knows who has lived for any
afraid.
ength of time in the country,
addresses in Paliament along the
ame line.
England's Fortified Harbors
At Portsmouth, seventy-four mile.-
south and easi of London there
a great naval station and aresnal
nlluiL UP of an aggregation of four j
towns, Portsmouth, t ortsea, Lands-1
I101'1 aml Southsea. They occupy two
inlets of the English Channel and the
harbor opens into Sptihead, one of :
tne arn,s of the Channel separating
tlle. Isle ot' W.'Sht from the mainland.,
Spiihead, in its turn, is also fortified
and it has been the scene of many
splendid naval paegants, organized to
spread aoroad the news of the migh-
tv streiifft i ot the British Wavv.
Plover is now so strongly fortified
Vi;it- nnw anomv wnnht fin.l tiffin,, 'r
in ".rehiig England thVough i
Z hen tT England fhort
"egun io wanv aoroau in rugiana,
three powerful forts in defense of the
Vinvl-.ni. -oi-o lmilt Kotntr nnono.-l i.-.
...
W9. -
The great port of Hull on the York-
,i i m ..n. o -i ,
.mu iiiuuuiii oounu are nanitea
on the east and west by high ground,
whi are built forts that com-
manJ the hiU.bol. aml al, of its
l"oacnes. xiarwicn, in ,ssex, sevcil-
ty-iour miles nertheast of London,
h" harbor defenses constructd by
aat!.e, but reinforced by the best
ni.i.n.i n ivivil pnerinpvino- ti,.
nindern nnvnl pnirinppiinrr T1i..jo nv
batteries at Harwich and opposite
Harwich and' modern defense works
on Shotley point at the fork of tha
two estuaries on its small peninsula.
strengthened the coa.-t defenses to
keep others from following his exam
ple. And, Yet, Where Is Nelson?
The Scottish coast extending into
the North Sea is also fortified against
that the Irish people would welcome
e rnen'y ff the empire and assist
Jlm t0 affect a landing from the Irish
. bea. uI?on tne Eng ish coast is not
'ft't'T 5' entfrtiln by many peoplj,
.but it is understod that the Bristish
'Admirality Board has thouirht of it as
P08". not probability, and is
prepared for even th s rontnm
j'nii.-iuii iiuiise.i oi rntrianu.
him-.prepared for even this contingency.
Naval history all goes to nrove th
that
"a n n.k,e Hreat Bri?".
uons io DUlia up a mighty power
Pn the seas. England has addition
he,r".ayy r tan Germany's, a
them.
The English admiral of the fleet
J.elljcoe-' may be New out
jU ne 1Sj lne wori(1 does ot
A LOOiv. AT THE WAR
As is often remarked it is the big
gest war of all history and the victo
rious isues of it will tome to the side
that develops the men. On land there
was never yet stu n a lighting machine
as the Got'.r.an army. It has the dis
.ih'ine invented by Frederic!; the
J-,.;;, br.it'glit down to the moment.
..I b
n'tary technique its i.fau
its -, e..;n-'.ss j,- a hi -k if
s-i. !i as that v Inch e'uu-
-e ;, ' ';s of Grant an.' I."''.
' pnv..t" -o a'. .
e couimi.s.ion oi a.
f in iiis knao-aek.
it.; birmid. ,!'.' army
aa oniy be ii.-kc d h
genius (hsirayed bj
e ad' ersai y on 'h.
gt t'te 'u to;-y lor
em ? bet es s.v
victor suppose
etabs peace at
' mull ('ontlivnta'
t as it was at Na
sit. Hoe is what
t at ill
Nor ..ay, ib 'and and Belgium shall
e incorpoiaK'd in my empire. Thu.
! vi'-to have ("..ponhageii, llotterdam
and Antwerp I'm- seaports. I will ah
- -rb K is.-ian i'oiand. 1 will take all
the cream of what France has got in
Africa. Then Pan-Germany will rest
and veeupeiate and we will annex the
Balkans, including Turkey in Europe
and Constinople, to do which wp will
have io lick Russia again. England
must take be:- place as a second class
nower. France will be reduced to
third class and shall "bleed white" in
way of indemnity.
Tha', is the stake Germany is play
ing for; unless they can kill or crip
ple that army the Kaiser has she will
win. It all depends on the man.
Now suppose the other side devel
ops the man and beats Germany.
What would follow? Peace will be
made at Berlin and Germany pros
trate. Alsace-Lorraine will go back
to France automatically, and Luxem
burg will fall in for good count.
Schleswig-Holstein will be returned to
Denmark. Russia will take Prussian
Poland. Hanover will be constituted
an independent kingdom and thus
Germany will be bottled up as shn was
for so many centuries.
But there are a heap of "ifs" and
the biggest one, posibly the insur
mountable one, is the defeat of that
German armv.
Thus three great nations Germa
ny, France and England are lighting,
each with a rope around her neck,
defeat means npxt thing to death. As
for Belgium, Holland and Denmark,
they are pawns in the game, and their
fate wiil be determined by the victor.
Some of the military experts think
it will be a long war. Then, God help
this world. Civilization will be re
tarded in its march a century if this
war shall last two years. Already it
has hurt our country frightfully. Soon
its disastrous effects will be felt in
every city, town, village, hamlet and
farm in the United States, and what
it will be in Europe, even in England,
we can scarce imagine.
It is all about markets. England
has got most of 'em. Germany must
have some of 'em. Would it not Be
gdod. grand, if the thing could be
fought out with prices rather than
with bayonete, In the end, when man
shall "learn war no more," the battle
be determined by prices, and "cheap
ness" will be the Bismarck of the day.
the Napoleon, the rtfiiqueror. When
every tongue and people shall adopt
free t'-nde a war will be an impossibil
ity. There will be no armies, no na
vies to tight. All peoples will set
about the creation of those articles of
merchandise they can make cheapest
and exchange their products for what
others can fashion cheapest.
The world is far from civilized. We
are not yet done with wars and hp
roes and such. Rut the day will come
when onlv the good man will be great.
Who will come out victor? It is a
toss-up. On form England will com
mand the seas and on form Germany
looks to be invincible on land. Yet
if Germany has a Nelson, or France a
Napoleon, these things would be re
versed. Al we can do is to await
events. Let us pray that they may
come swiftly.
A long war two years would car
ry misery to the uttermost parts of
the earth. Savoyard's letter in the
News & Observer. .
NO "POWER ON A MOAN"
The New York Herald warns Kepub
The New York Herald warns Re
publicans against the "crooked road
called Calamity." This doctrine we
have been preaching. The Republi
can is too great a party to be creeping
into power on a moan. Ohio State
Journal.
As our Ohio contemporary sees it,
the real objection to this kind of war
fare is that it makes men who use it
fare is that it makes -iofwRP
"calamity" for political ends wish it
were true, and that of itself helps
make it true.. "A resort to pessim
ism," the Journal adds, "is unpatrio
tic." New York Herald.
CARD OF THANKS
We want to thank the people of
Coleridge for their sympathy and kind
asistance shown to us last week in
the sad hour of death to our little
daughter, Ruby Myrl Lynch.
Also to our kind neighbors and
friends on our return home and dur
ing burial.
R. F. LYNCH AND FAMILY.
it. The German admiral, on the other
hand, is Tirpitz, the acknowledged ge
nius of his age, them an who has vir
tually built the Germany navy, rising
from the ranks of the seamen and
making this colossal work the gift of
his very heart and soul to his Father
land. No one would bem uch surpris
ed if he should prove to be another
son.
THE CATAWI5A CO-OPERATIVE
CREAMERY
The agitation for a creamery was
begun by a field ageat of the United
States f'opartmeat of Agriculture, J.
A. Conover. Having discovered the
resources of the section, and the lact
that the farmers, by the old hand
churn method, were producing- more
butter than they lould sell, he enlisted
the aid of several i f the most, pro
gressive of the younger farnuis. A
cow census v as taken, inn! it reveal
ed the fact that there v t te between
three and four hundred fairly good
cows within a ra':itis of s.x or seven
niles from Hickory.
Thirty-live typical Catawba ''PutrV
"anners assembled in iiiikoiy in re
nnnse to the c;::l for a in e"ing. Ar
r.nner.t after argument was pri suited
: them by the hading sp;nts cf the
rovemi at, and meeting afar meeting
-.as bald. It was not until the sixth
r-.-!ith!y meeting that tbty were per-
-.laded to sign a note for the initial
investment M..nu.
Executive ollicers and a hoard cf ia-
rectors were chosen. The equipment
i defunct creamery in Alabama
was pun based for h 1.000 and installed
a vacant Inuiilir.g. A butter maker
was employed and the creamery open-
tor business in June, iao. Iho total
initial investment was, in fact, only
? 1.200.
The separated cream was collected
from the farm houses by the creamery
wagons. I pon arrival at the creamery
the butter-fat was tested by means of
the Uabcock test. The farmers receive
ed a check at the end of each month
for the value of the cream they had
furnished, as determined by its weight
and its proportion of butter-fat.
When the business began the num
ber of patrons was r.is The first
month's operation produced sales of
butter to the amount of SP40. Three
thousand pounds of butter were made
during the month. By the end of the
first year the amount paid to the pat
rons had reached $14,868.
The second year witnessed a mark
ed increase, the number of patrons
having steadily grown. The amount
paid out for butter fat this year was
$22,015.
The Creamery Company was incor
porated August 9, 1912, with an au
thorized capital stock of ?50,000, $5,-
000 paid in. Shares were sold at $10
each, farmers being the largest pur
chasers. It is a requirement of the
Company that at all times To per cent
of the stock must be owned by farm
ers, and at present only ten shares are
held by others than farmers. Begin
ning with the date of incorporation, a
sinking fund of one cent per pound of
butter was set aside to pay off the
original debt. Farmers who are not
members of the company are allowed
to become patrons of the creamery.
These farmers receive one cent per
pound less for their butter fat than
the shareholders. At present the paid
in capital is $6,000. Only about 25
per cent, of the patrons are nJn-stock
holders.
The business of the Co-operative
Creamery for the year from June 1,
1912. to June 1, 1913, was as follows
Total Sales $51,935.00
Cream Sales 10,390.00
Butter Made 99,917 lbs.
Butter Fat Received 106,015 lbs.
Average price paid for butter fat .30
During the first three years of its
operation the creamery grew so rap
idly that larger facilities became nec
essary. A new creamery, built after
the plans furnished by the United
States Department of Agriculture,
was opened on September 1, 1913. It
is equipped with every modern appli
ance, noticeably a 1,000-lb. capacity
churn. A refrigerating plant provides
cold storage for both butter and eggs.
Fifteen creamery routes radiating
from Hickory have been established.
The farmers separate the cream in
their own dairy houses, put it in san
itary eight-gallon cans and the cream
ery wagons collect it three times a
week. Besides the fifteen radiating
from Hickory, routes have been estab
lished in near-by territory. Four
routes radiate from Statesville, in
Iredell county, from which the cream
is shipped to Hickory. Three of the
routes were opened on December 10,
1913, and the fourth on December 15;
and by January 1, 1914, the shipments
from Iredell county amounted to 1,814
pounds of butter fat, for which the
shippers received $616,70.
The average weekly collection of
cream from all sources for December
1913, was 1,600 gallons, produced
from approximately 800 cows, by 240
farmers. The farmers who held stock
in the company received M4 cents per
pound for their butter fat, the non
stockholders receiving 3., cents per
pound. The total production for the
creamery for this month was 17,000
pounds of butter, or slightly more
than 4,000 pounds per week.
The creamery butter commands a
price of 35 cents per pound. The far
mer who sells his butter fat to the
creamery, obtaining 34 cents a pound,
receives, according to the creamery
manager's estimate, about 2SVa cents
per pound for butter. This is much
more than he would receive on an av
erage from the local produce mer
chants. A simple mathematical cal
culation shows a gross profit to the
creamery of 6lA cents per pound of
butter manufactured. After the ex
penses are deducted, the farmer, if
he is a stockholder, receives his pro
portionate share of the profits.
The butter manufactured by the
creamery is molded into 1-pound rec
tangular blocks, stamped with the
creamery's design, wrapped with oiled
paper and packed in pasteboard boxes.
It finds a market ia Georgia, Ala
bama, South Carolina, in fact, all
over the South. The city of Baltimore,
the near-by city of Asheville, and the
Florida winter resorts demand a
large supply. No more striking proof
of the quality of the Catawba county
Creamery butter can be found than in
the fact that there is never a scarcity
of demand for it, no matter how large
the supply may be.
The surplus buttermilk is disposed
of to the highest bidder or bidders.
The creamery began to handle eggs
as a side line in September, 1910, and
FARM FACTS
Where there is a silo there is pros
perity. There is not enough of the commun
ity spirit among our rural districts.
The laws relating to business are
wholly inisuited to the tranactions of
the farmer.
The waste of effort through imprac
tical methods of farming is the
greatest tragedy of the age.
Something is wrong in our market
ing system wjien a small crop brings
more money than a bountiful one.
Co-operation between practical far
mers and proficient business men will
eliminate ignoiaate and prejudice.
The nation's menu must be made up
from the he'ds, pastures, crchaids and
cardans, and to fat in intelligently the
farmer must know v hat is needed.
We must give t'te same are ami
consideration to a system of ((.-opera
tive laws, extending to the fanner the
facilities adapted to his business that
is now afforded corporations.
m tenancy is the greate.-t men-,i,i-
.uifmntinL- the nation and
can only be checked by affording the
tenant and the la--rer laciiuies ior
nirmir nvoiieftv p ml bv reducing
the high rates of interest that are
now sapping the vitality ot agricul
ture.
Under the present system ot mar
keting farm products, it is possible,
and often occurs, that people in one
part of the United States literally
starve for the want of a product,
while the same product in another
part of the nation is wasting for want
of a market.
The tailless comet had better be
ware of this fly infested planet.
this has developed into an important
branch of its business. The cream
haulers collect the eggs when they
collect the cream. The eggs are pack
ed in cartons of one dozen each, the
farmer guaranteeing them to be not
more than four days old, to have been
gathered twice a day, and to have
been kept in a cool, dry place. Each
egg is stamped with a number and, in
case a complaint is filed with the
creamery by the purchaser, each egg
may be traced by this number to the
farmer who packed it. If five com
plaints are filed against any one far
mer, he forfeits his right to sell any
more eggs to the creamery.
When this side line was started, two
hundred and forty farmers airreed to
supply eggs more accurately speak
ing, farmers' wives, since they have
charge of the poultry. At first they
were paid monthly, but this did not
satisfy their desire, since it was pin
money they wanted. Now, they are
paid directly by the collectors. The
price paid is from two to four cents
above the local store prices. The num
ber of egg patrons is now about four
hundred. An idea of the importance of
this branch of the creamery's business
may be gained from the following fig
ures showing the amount of business
from June 1, 1912, to June 1, 1913:
Egg Sales $16,431.00
Number doz. eggs received . . . 78,570
Average price paid 21 per doz,
A car load of eggs shipped by the
creamery company to the New York
market in January, 1914, represented
a total value of $1,8000.00.
The creamery ia operated on the
true co-operative principle. When the
totpl net earnings exceed 8 per cent,
on the amount pf paid-in capital, 6
to 8 per cent of these earnings is first
distributed to the paid-up stock and
then the balance is divided among the j
stockholders in the proportion that
they have furnished business to the ,
company. t
The expenses of the creamery in 19
13 amounted to $9,903, or about $825 ;
per month. The manager estimates
that this equals an expense of about
4 cents per pound in the manufacture .
of butter, and one cent per dozen in
the handling of eggs. v
Six per cent, dividends have been
paid each year of the creamery's op
eration, and an adequate surplus is
kept on hand to provide for posisble
contingencies.
Along other than financial lines,
the results of the creamery have also
been most beneficial. It has gi n the
farmers who are its patrons a com pa -ratively
steady monthly income, but
a much greater result has come in the
encouragti.ient of scientific breeding
and the development of intensive
farming.
When the creamery was first or
ganized, few pure-bred registered cat
tle were to be found in the communi
ty except on the farms of the stock
raisers. Now pure-bred registered
cattle are the rule, not the exception.
Herds have been culled, the gradrt
cow and the "scrub" bull have been
sold for beef, and scientific breeding
is well developed. The Jersey is the
leading breed; the high percentage of
butter fat in the milk of this breed ac
counts for the preference. Silos are
in abundance, and roomy, substantial
and sanitary barns are to be found on
nearly every farm. The use of im
proved machinery is general. A num
ber of the farmers are using gasoline
engines to operate their separators
and several are experimenting with
milking machines.
With the development of cattle
breeding, has come a similar develop
ment in the breeding of hogs. The
skimmed milk from the separators
is profitably fed to the hogs, and on
many farms are found droves of pure
bred Berkshires, Duroc Reds, and O.
I. C.'s. The interchange of males,
both cattle and swine for breeding
purposes is a common practice.
Poultry has improved both in quan
tity and quality. The mongrel hen
has long since decked the farmer's ta
ble, and in her place the pure-bred
Leghorn, Wyandotte, or Rhode Is
land Red has been introduced. Warm
houses have takn the place 'of the
slatted coop and the barnyard tree.
The soil, too, has benefitted. The
old system of cultivation without ro
tation was one by which the fertility
was drawn from the soil and then re
placed by the application of commer
cial fertilizers. Under the new sys
tem the fertility is constantly return
ed to the soil and its production is
greatly increased. University of
North Carolina Record.
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