NORTH CAROLINA MAN FINDS QUICK
RELIEF FROM DISORDERS OF STOMACH
Mr. Wade Thankful He Read About
Mayr's Wonderful Stomach Remedy
E. T. Wade, of Williston, N. C, was
the victim of stomach disorders. He
tried many remedies and took a great
deal of medicine and treatments. Re
lief seemed a long time coming.
Then he found Mayr's Wonderful
Stomach Remedy, took a dose nnd
found relief at on-e. He to'd hi3 opin
ion of the remedy in a letter in which
he said:
"Your medicine has worked won
ders. I feel so much better. I am
-thankful to you, indeed, for advertis
ing your wonderful remedy in the
papers, as otherwise I might never
have known it."
Along with this letter Mr. Wade
ordered more of the remedy. The
first dose proves no long treatment.
Letters like this come from all parts
of the country. Mayr's Wonderful
THE TARIFF AND THE MILLS
The Philadelphia Record thinks
that "whatever competition the pres
ent tariff has thrown upon the tex
tile industries has been in great meas
ure warded off by the war." And be
fore going into The Record's exhibit,
we might suggest that doing as well
.as they have under the Democratic
tariff and facing war conditions, what
might the mills have done had they
been given the opportunities of nor
mal times T The Record recounts that
the United States Worsted Company
"has opened its men's wear goods for
fall at prices 12 Vi per cent higher
than a year ago. Statistics of British
textile industries lately received in the
New York dry goods market show an
unexpectedly large reduction in out
put, which involves a decreased ex
nortation to this country. Reports re
ceived in New York from all parts of
WE ARE ABLE
And willing to do everything
for our customers that a good
bank ought to do. Why don't
you open an account with us? With a record
of seven years of successful business and re
sources of more than two hundred thousand
dollars, we solicit your business. Call to see
us.
BANK OF RAMSEUR
When shipments were interrupted by the war, it was estimated
that there was enough Potash on hand in the United States to pro
vide two and three per cent Potash in mixed fertilizers for this
spring's trade. Some manufacturers had more than enough for
these percentages.
Since then minor sources of Potash have been fully utilized, and
additional shipments from the usual source are still being received.
The supply is below normal, but this need not prevent farmers
securing some Potash in their fertilizers, nor should it lead farmers
to decide not to use fertilizers.
There is no reason to return to the out-of-date goods without
Potash, although some' authorities may try to "wish" them on us.
We have not used enough Potash in the past. The largest annual
import of Potash was only one-seventieth of the Potash taken from
the soil by our 1914 com crop and only one-fifteenth of the Potash lost
every year in drainage water.
Spring crops use from two to ten times as much Potash ns Phos
phoric Acid. Get as much Potash in the fertilizer as possible. A
few firms nre offering to furnish from four to ten per cent.
There i ; no substitute for Potash. It may be harder to get just
now, but POTASH PAYS.
r.rPMAM v A! i urtpec i- ao r,ju,.- w. v l.
I I Chicago, McCormick Block
f Atlanta, Empira Bldii.
fan nft New Orleans.
SEWING MACHINES We have on hand several
standard make sewing machines, and before taking inven
tory we offer them at $15.00 each. These machines usual
ly- sell for $35.00 and $40.00.
bargain.
MCCRARY-REDDING
tj) tee d? tefl tftDffftB
.Acid toils yield poor crops. Lime corrects the acidity and make fertilisers more
effective. Many of your crops need
s.legumM, but Com, Cotton and
cultural Lima depends on two
fioenesi of the grinding. We
.bonates, ane tne sample
.mechanical condition.
Valuable
Wrtit todar for
I-BugBUQUOLlME
T'I!SS mi Ms Bids.
Stomach Remedy is known every
where because of its merit.
Mayr's Wonderful Stomach Remedy
clears the digestive tract of mucoid
accretions and poisonous matter. It
brings swift relief to sufferers from
ailments of the stomach, liver ana
bowels. Many declare it has save
them from dangerous operations anc
many are sure it has saved their
lives.
We want all people who havt
chronic stomach trouble or constipa
tion, no matter of how long standing
to try one dose of Mayr's Wonderful
Stomach Remedy one dose will con
vince you. This is the medicine s
many of our people have been tak
with surprising results. The mosl
thorough system cleanser ever sol
Mayr's Wonderful Stomach Remed
' is now sold here by Standard Drug
j Company and druggists everywhere.
the country show that textile mills in
New England and the South are un
usually active. Some of them are
running night and day. The Russian
Government is trying to find mills to
take orders for 8,000,000 yards of
army cloths. The Southern Textile
Bulletin says that in the next three
months $2,000,000, will be spent in new
mill construction in the South, ana
$2,500,000 in enlargements of plants."
All of which goes to show how the
Democrats have ruined the country!
Charlotte Observer.
KEEP YOUR BOWELS REGULAR
As everyone knows, the bowels are
the sewerage system of the body, and
it is of the greatest importance that
they move once each day. If your
bowels become constipated, take a
dose of Chamberlain's Tablets just
after supper and they will correct the
disorder, ror eare oy an dealers.
is food for thought
as well as for crops
this year.
San Francisco, 25 California St.
Savannah, Bank & Treat Bldi.
Whitney Central Bank Bid.
Now is the time to get a
HARDWARE CO.
Lima directly as a plant tood. not oniy
Gram crops need Im 1 he value ot agri
thing tne amount 01 i.arDonaics ana tne
guarantee from V to VS per cent, uar-
we inau oe giaa to send you win snow tne
Free Book on Lime
prtcea aad ralaable book. "Limliit for Profit." lilalli
yoa war um pari dow m
tnt poor 1 and nanjr thef
nduble (acta, lead (or YOU a
copy bow. aanmber. 1ft Ilea,
THE
G. C. BUQUO
LIME CO.
COLUMBIA, S. G,
01MH
iNlTBNAnONAL
SIINMrSdlOOL
Lesson
CBv E. O. SELLERS. ActlnR Director of
Sunday School Course, Moody Bible In
stitute. ChleaRO.)
LESSON FOR MARCH U
SAUL GAIN3 HIS KINGDOM.
LESSON TEXT-I Samuel, chapter U.
GOLDEN TEXT He that Is slow to n-
Rer Is better than the mighty: and he
that ruleth his spirit, than lie that taketti
a city. Pro v. 1B:82.
In order to repay Israel's victory un
der Jepthah, Nahash the Ammonite de
manded the right eye of those besieged
In Jabesh in Gilead, knowing that the ' Last year's wheat crop in the Uni-
left eye would be hid by their shields ted States, aggregating about 900,-
and they would thus bo Incapable of 000,000 bushels, was the greatest
warfare. For Israel to make any cov- produced by any nation in the history
enant with the Ammonites was con- of. the world. Five vears ago, Russia .
trary to God's commands (Ex. 23:32; w,th . acrea ' 0"th,,rd . ,arBcr;
Deut 23 3) me v,tnin 117,000,000 bushels of
, ' . ' . , . . . , this enormous total, and our own next
I. The Cry of Jabesh, vv. 1-3. This iarKPSt crop was 137,000,000 short of
event probably occurred about a month the ast year's cr0p.
after the previous lesson. It was a
proud, haughty demand made ot these AN ORCHARD ON EVERY FARM
Israelites. Exhausted and hopeless, .
they had offered to become servants In Though records show that the fruit
order to live. So today we frequent- growing industry .was important be
ly mnd men willing to compromise l ?f Christ' it was not
.h ,-m t,j j.,n V, untl' tnc latter half of the Nineteenth
with the world and the devil, who only Century that scientifu. knowie,Ke rev
hold them in derision and contempt 0iutiOnized the industry. With nres
(v. 2). Compromising Christians are ent knowledge available, there is no
always blind leaders of the blind (Matt, reason why every farmer who owns
15:14; 6:22). The demand of Nahash even a small plat of ground should
would also bring reproach upon Israel, not have an orchard anil provide him
yet this same king afterwards showed se!f an,i family with apilcs and other
kindness to David (II Samuel 10:2). fruits, which form such a valuable
History records that Emperor Basil lass, "f, energy forming foods. Fruit
II actually sent an army of 14 850
B ' , , . , " ,6 "l
garia, who died of grief and horror.
II. The Conquest of Ammon, vv. 4-
11. Nahash granted the request for
a seven days' respite. Here was Saul's
opportunity wrongs to be righted and
people to bo saved. Saul had held his
peace since being anointed by Samuel,
employing his time in everyday toll
and duties (v. 5), for the messengers
did not find Saul at homo idle. The
.1,11 i..it ,u .u
people who lifted up their voices and
wept. (v. 4). The news of this threat -
ened calamity reached Saul s ears and
his conduct effectually put to silence
those "worthless fellows" who de
spised him and had brought no pres
ents at his anointing (10:27). Instead
of tears Saul is moved to deeds. Like
Cinclnnatus and Israel Putnam, he left
the plow to take up the sword. Saul
did not, in his own strength, under
take to relieve Jabesh, for "the Spirit
of Ood camo upon him" (v. 6; see also
Judges 3:10; 11:29; 13:25; Luke 24:
49; Acts 10:38). This moved Saul to
anger, not alone at such an evidence
of cruelty, but more at the contempt
NahaBh had for God and his people.
Saul associated himself with Samuel,
the man of God, and summoned the na
tion of Israel to his side.
The Holy Spirit gave Saul clear as
surance of a call from God, and he re
sponded with - unquestioned faith
(Rom. 8:31). The people responded
with great rapidity, for the fear of
God came upon them also. We have
the good news of a better deliverance
from a more subtle foe to proclaim
in the present age. They all resorted
to Bezek, west of the Jordan. The
messengers returned bearing a mes
sage having two meanings (v. 10), and
that helped to keep Nahash ignorant
of Saul's actions on Ibd other side of
the river. Dividing his army into com
panies Saul attacked the enemy "In
the morning watch," and completely
overwhelmed them and put them to
rout. As the Ammonites had refused
to show any mercy, they In turn were
Judged unworthy of mercy (v. 11, see
also James 2:13; Matt. 7:2).
III. The Crowning of Saul, vv. 12-15.
Saul's victory so Impressed the people
that they demanded to know of Sam
uel who it was that had refused him
as king, desiring to put them to death.
Saul showed his wisdom by not per
mitting such a course of action. Many
today refuse God's divinely appointed
king who will yet be glad to acknowl
edge him (Luke 19:27; Phil. 2:10).
In the next place Saul did not claim
credit for the victory for, said he.
"The Lord hath wrought deliverance
in Israel" (v. 13 R. V.). All real vic
tories come from God (Ps. 44:4-8; I
Cor. 15:10). This was the true king
ly spirit. Saul reaped the reward of
J his humility, his forbearance, cour
age and activity In the loyalty and
pride of the people. Samuel gladly
shared in the success of Saul and led
the people to Gilgal for the crowning
ceremony. This was the place where
Israel had first encamped under the
leadership of Joshua and where the
twelve stones from the river had been
set up as a testimony to God's real
pesence and deliverance.
Saul had natural and physical char
acteristics calculated to make him a
great and useful king self-restraint,
modesty, military invention and a ca
pacity for leadership.
He was shrewd, patient and gener
ous. He thus stood on the threshold of
his kingdom with the possibilities of
untold usefulness and blessing.
We are "kings and priests onto
God." He has ushered us Into his
kingdom. Power', usefulness, influ
ence, helpfulness, victory ove" sin are
before us. "Napoleon 'said that his
nobility dated from Areola and Maren
go. May ours date from the victories
of love over the evil within us and in
the worid." "This Is the victory that
oTercometh the world, even our
faith" (I John 5:4).
WHY IT SUCCEEDS
Because It's For One Thin Only,
And Asheboro People Appreciate
This.
Nothing can be good for everything.
Doing one thing well brings success.
Doan's Kidney Pills are for one
thing only.
For weak or disordered kidneys.
Here is Asheboro evidence to prove
their worth.
Mrs. C. H. Rush, Academy St., Ashe
boro, says: "I used to suffer from
kidney and bladder trouble and there
was a lot of uric acid in my system.
After taking a few boxes of Doan's
Kidney Pills, my kidneys acted right
and my system was purified. Now,
whenever I think my kidneys aren't
doing their work just right, a few
doses of Doan's Kidney Pills over-
come tne trouble
Price, 50c, at all dealers. Don't
simply ask for a kidney remedy get
Doan's Kidney Piils the same tha:
Mrs. Rush had. Foster-Milburn Co.,
Props., Buffalo, N. Y.
fZ wiey
can be easily raised at home. 1 et
there are many farms in the Stnf
with absolutely no fruit trees or else
only a neglected orchard.
In their desperation to raise money
crops our farmers have neglected
their table as well as the happiness
' f their children. It is the nature of
bo's and girls to like apples, peaches.
cnerries, iigs, grapes and in
, V" a" , ,l ul
One of the greatest errors made bv
' S.?: "YKf?Inl!r.r'! i haS tri,e1
, ment exereiged in selecting varieties"
( An orchard with a dozen apple tree
all of which ripen at the same time
no matter how good the variety, is
not a good selection. The housewife
will be rushed trying to save the fruit
in from a few days to a few weeks
and that generally during the hottest
weather. Even after all her faithful
efforts some is almost sure to no t
waste. The apples and peaches ehould
be selected so as to furnish ripe fruit
trom May until October, (for a lis
of such varieties write to the. State
Department of Agriculture, or some
reliable nurseryman.) In addition to
giving fresh fruit so much longer
this will prolong the canning season,
thus making the work lighter during
the hottest weather, and making it
possible to accomplish so much more,
In many families fruits are thought
of as food accessory something to be
indulged in only by those living in lux
ury having no real value in itself.
This however, is erroneous. In a bul
letin issued by the United States De
partment of Agriculture, value of the
energy constituents of fruit are much
For example, 1,000 calories of energy
generated from whole milk costs 10
cents; the cost from figs approximate
ly the same, and even the cost from
apples only seven: seven cents buying
as much food energy in apples as 10
in milk.
For the farmer who has not al
ready a good orchard the best time
to act is now. With the European
war in progress, we need to cast
around for something besides cotton
When our fruit trees begin bearing,
after preserving an abundance for
home consumption, our city cousins
will be glad to relieve us of any sur
plus about New Year, and pay for it
in the bargain.
A Wonderful Healing Influence
in Kidney Troubles
A year and a half ago I was taken
with a severe attack of kidney trouble
that pained me to cuch r.n extent that
morphine had to be given me. Was
attended' by a doctor who pronounced
it as Stone in the bladder and pre
scribed Lithia Water. I took Lithia
water and tablets 0? some time and
received no relief from them. I stop
ped taking medicines for some time,
later having some Swamp-Root in the
house I decided to try it and felt much
relieved. While taking the second bot
tie commenced to pass Gravel in urine
until I had passed in all at least half
a dozen or more and have not suffered
the slightest since and in all have
taken one bottle and a half and feel
very grateful to Swamp-Root.
Yours very truly,
H. W. SPINKS,
Camn Hill. Ala.
Personally appeared before me this
16th day of August, 1909, H. W.
Snink8. who subscribed the above
statement and made oath that the
same is true in substance and in fact.
A. B. LEE,
Ex. of Justice ef Peace.
Letter to
Dr. Kilmer & Co.,
Binghamton, N. Y.
Preve What Swamp-Root Will Do For
You
Send tern cents t Dr. Kilmer & Co.,
Binghamton, N. Y., for a sample size
bottle. It will eonvince anyone. You
will alse receive a boeklet of valua
ble information, telling about the
kidneys and bladder. When writing,
be sure and mention the Ashebore
Weekly Courier. Regular fifty-cent
and ene-dollnr size, bottles for sale at
au drug steres.
J. W. AUSTIN, M. D.
Practice Limited lo
Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat,
SouUi Main St., next to P. 0.
HIGH POINT, N. C.
W. C. Hammer R. C. Kelly
H1AMER & KELLY
Attorneys at Law
Office Second door from
street in Lawyers' Row.
DR. D. K. LOCKHART
Dentist
ASHEBORO, N. C. Phone 28
Office over the Bank. Hours, 9 a.m.
to 12 m. 1 p. m. to 5 p. m.
DR. JOHN SWAIM
Dentist
Office over First National
Bank.
Asheboro, N. C.
Phone 192
THE BANK OF RANDOLPH
Asheboro, N. C.
Capital and Surplus, $60,000.00
Total Ar.KHs over $250,000.00
With ample assets, experience and
protection, we solicit the business of
the banking public end feel safe in
saying we are prepared and willing
wo extend to our customers every fa
cility and accommodation consistent
with safe banking.
D. B. McCrary, President.
W. J. Armfield, V-President.
W. J. Armrield, Jr., Cashier.
J. D. Ross, Assistant Cashier.
NOTICE
Having qualified as executor on the
estate of Luvina J. Needham, deceas
ed, before J. il. Caveness, Clerk of
the Superior Court of Randolph coun
ty. All persons having claims against said
estate are notified to present them to
the undersigned, duly verified, on or
before the 27 day of Jan. 1916, or this
notice will be pleaded in bar of their
recovery; and all persons owing said
estate will come forward and make
immediate settlement.
This 1st day of Feb., 1915.
T. J. Finch, Extr.
NOTICE
North Carolina, Randolph County.
W. J. Snider vs. L. A. Sheets.
The defendant, L. A. Sheets, will
take notice that an action entitled as
above has been commenced against
him in the Superior court of Randolph
county and that summons together
with a warrant of attachment against
the property of said defendant has is
sued from said court returnable be
fore the Judge holding the Superior
court for said county en the second
Monday after the first Monday
March, 1915, at the court house in
Asheboro, N. C, that the nature and
subject matter of said action is as
follows, to wit: An action for the
sum of $235 damages sustained by
said plaintiff by reason of the breach
of the warranty of title te a oertaia
gray mare sold by said defendant te
plaintiff a certain gray mare to wnicb
said defendant had no title: and said
defendant is further notified that he
is required to be and appear at the
aforesaid time and place named roi
the return of said summons and war
rant of attachment and answer ei
demur to the complaint of plaintiff,
or the relief demanded will be grant
ed.
This Feb. 1st, 1915.
J. M. CAVENESS,
Clerk Superior Court Randolph
County.
NOTICE
R. A. Hinshaw, Administrator of the
Will Annexed of Eveline Hinshaw,
Deceased,
vs. I. H. Hinshaw, et al.
The defendants, Cora Preston and
Mary Lamb, will take notice that an
action entitled as above has been
commenced in the Superior court of
Randolph county to construe the will
of Eveline Hinshaw, deceased, in
which construction the said defendants
are interested.
And the said defendants will fur
ther take notice that they are requir
ed to appear at the term of the Supe
rior court of said county to be held
on the third Monday in March, 1915,
at the court house in said county, m
Asheboro North Carolina, and ans
wer or demur to the complaint in
said action, or the plaintiff will api
to the court for the relief demanded
in said action.
This the 15th day of February, 1915.
J. M. CAVENESS,
Clerk of the Superior Court.
RESOLUTIONS OR RESPECT
Whereas, Our Heavenly Father, the
dispenser of all good, in whose hands
arc the issues of life and death to the
entire human race, has seen fit to re
move from our community Mr. Isham
Jones, one of our best citizens, a man
of strong Christian character, ana
father of our beloved Councilor, There
fore be it resolved:
First, That we bow in humble sub
mission to the inevitable fate which
must sooner or later overtake us all
Second. That we deeply sympa
thize with our Councilor and his loved
ones in their sorrow and sadness in
this hour of their bereavement.
Third, That a copy of these reso
lutions be sent to brother Jesse L.
Jones, Councilor and a copy sent to
each of our county papers for pubi
cation.
B. F. CRAVEN,
F. L. Ellison,
W. D. MANER.
Committee.
NOTICE OF SUMMONS AND WAR
RANT OF ATTACHMENT
North Carolina, Randolph county
in the Superior Court.
John T. Sexton, plaintiff, vs. L. A.
Sheets, defendant.
L- A. Sheets, the defendant in the
above entitled action, " iii take notice
that on the 15th day of January, 1HJ5,
a summons in the said action was is
sued against him by J. M. Caveness,
Clerk of the Superior Court for Ran
dolph County, in an action wherein
John T. Sexton, the plaintiff above
named, claims of the defendant the
sum of $225.00, with interest thereon
from the first day of October, 19l,
until paid, due him by virtue of a
promissary note given by the said de
fendant to the Bank of Dentea, Den
ton, N. C, for borrowed money, upon
which the said defendant procured the
plaintiff to become endorser as surety,
and the plaintiff has been forced tu
pay said note in order to protect his
endorsement and suretyship, and now
holds the same against the defendant
which said summons is returnable to
the next term of the Superior Court
for Randolph County, to be held at the
Court House in Asheboro, N. C, be
ginning March 15, 1915; the said de
fendant will also take notice that a
warrant of attachment was at the
same time with said summons issued
by said Clerk of the Superior Court of
Randolph County against the proper
ty of said defendant, which warrant
is returnable to the next term ot the
Superior Court for Randolph County
at the time and place named for the
return ot the summons, as aforesaid,
when and where the defendant is re
quired to appear and answer or demur
to the complaint or the relief demand
ed will be granted.
This the 15th day of Feb., 191.
J. M. CAVENESS,
Clerk Superior Court Randolph Co.
NOTIC3
North Carolina, Randolph County.
Superior Court.
W. S. Skeen vs. L. A. Sheets and
Witl Hurley:
The defendant above named,
L. A. Sheets, Will take no
tice that an action entitled as
above has been commenced against
him in the Superior court for Ran
dolph county and that summons ana
warrant of attachment has been
issued against him and his property
in the said action; that the nature
and subject matter of said action la
as follows, to wit: An action to re
cover damages in the sum of $100
for the wrongful conversion of a
certain mare and the sum of $95.32
for breach of an express contract to
pay a sum certain in money repre
sented by note; that said defendant
is is required to be and appear t-
fore the Judge holding the Superior
court for Randolph county at the
court house in Asheboro, N. C, on
the second Monday after the first
Monday in March, 1915, and aaswer
or demur to the complaint of plain
tiff or the relief demanded will ba
granted. . ....
This i eb. 5, 1915. ' I
J. M. CAVENESS,
Clerk Superior Court.
NOTICE
Notice is hereby given to W. C.
Jones and Causey heirs that the un
dersigned, C. H. Phillips, en the the
6th, day of July, 1914, purchased Zu
acres of land in Tabernacle tewaship
known as the Jones and Causer land
listed in the name of W. C. Jenes and
Causey heirs, for the delinquent taxes
of 1913. it being sold by the Sheriff
of Randolph county; and unless the
same is redeemed on or bet ere the
6th day of July. 1915. the time that
the right of redemption expires, tns
undersigned will make application for
a deed to said land.
C. H. PHILLIPS,
Purchaser.
NOTICE
North Carolina, Randolph County. ;
superior court.
Cora Parks, by hei next friend, L.
B. Parks vs. Remus Vuncannon:
The defendant above named, Remus
Vuncannon. will take notice that an
action entitled as above has been com
menced against him in the Superior
Court of Randolph County and thai
summons and a warrant of attach
ment has been issued in said action vs.
him and his property, that the nature
of said action is as follows, to-wit: an
action for the recovery of 5,000 (five
thousand dollars) damages for the se
duction of plaintiff by said defendant;
that he is required to be and appear
before the Judge holding the Superior
Court for Randolph County on the seu
ond Monday after the first Monday in
March, 1915, at the court house in
Asheboro, N. C, and answer or demur
to the complaint of plaintiff or the re
lief demanded will be granted.
This Feb. 5, 1915.
J. M. CAVENESS,
Clerk Superior Court.
NOTICE OF LAND SALE
By virtue of the powers vested in
the undersigned by decree rendered
in the special proceedings entitled,
"G. Elwood Stanton, Admr. Thomas
Matthews, deceased vs. Martitia Avent
et al." in the the Superior court of
Randolph county, I will sell at public
auction at the court house door in
Asheboro, N. C, on Monday, the fifth
day of April, 1915, at 12 o'clock, M..
the following lands situate in said
county, State of North Carolina, New
Market township, bounded as follows
to-wit: Beginning at a white oak
Breedlove corner in Lyndon Swaim
line; thence west along Breedlove lin
55 poles to a post oak, Breedlove co
ner; thence north along Breedlo
line 25 poles and 5 feet to a etc
in Breedlove's line; thnce east 55 dm
to a white oak; thence south 25 "j,,
and 5 feet along Lyndon Sfting
line to the beginning, conta' j.
1-3 acres, more or less. . Good
146, page 223 in Registered nr
office. .nt. when i
Terms of Bale: oner' with rilles
ance upon a credit of
proved security to
deferred payment well known cn
from day of sa'- and an artist of
all purchase pr diid at his home
This March : ail(l was laid to
G. Eeia' services being
Admr. of Th Gilbert Rowe, and
Hammer & Kisonic honors. Mr.
one years of age.
rhis wife, who was
f Viig-inia, before
1855.