i Maintenance of National Highways
m is
$g Extracts from sn Address Delivered at Asheville Before $f
K the North Carolina Good Roads Association by
H D. H. Winslow, U. S. Rnad Engineer.
For the last twenty yer.rs the cftice
of Public Roa;!s has been cng pod in
collecting anil dissenvnating ror.d in
formation, principally along the lines
of construction. In rocont yea;s, it
lias not been necessary to conduct
campaigns along this lino, except in
isolated secticr.s. The publicity v.iiich
the roaJ movement has received from
the press and motor associations has
focused the attention of the American
people to this line of wirk.
The Office of Fublic Roads realized,
however, that in many cases, town
ships, counties and States were pro
jecting construction on an extensive
scale but making no provisions what
ever for the upkeep of their w cS aft
er vast sums had been spent to build
them.
To illustrate the folly of this pro
cedure, I wish to call attention to the
man who would erect a row of frame
structures and take no precaution aft
er their completion to secure fire in
surance. A county that builds a first
class road at enormous expenditure
with no allotment laid aside for its
upkeep in the years to come would
afford a fair comparison.
With a view to expend collecting
data in regard to the maintenance of
various types of roads, such as one
would encounter in traveling from
Washington to Atlanta, it was arrang
ed that the Office cf Public Roads and
the American Highway Association
mvaid furnish the necessary engineer
ing and transportation of engineers
engaged on this work, if 50 per cent
of the various counties through which
the highway passed would permit the
expenditure of sufficient sum of their
funds under the supervision of gov
ernment engineers. Practically 100
per cent, of the counties in North
Carolina agreed to this form of co
operation and 75 per cent, of those
requested in Virginia also accepted
the terms of the government contract.
This work was entirely new to this
section of the country and was an in
novation to the road officials.
At the outset I wish to make it clear
that the engineers made a radical dif
ference between the repair of a road,
and the maintenance thereof. Wher
ever the sum designated by the coun
ties was sufficient to employ a patrol
man, this style of maintenance was
inaugurated. In other sections where
the funds were too low, a spasmodic
form of patrolman was introduced;
or maintenance was placed in the
"hands of a small squad working at in
tervals. The general policy of the
government was to divide the funds
allotted by a county into twelve equal
parts, and an effort was made to keep
each month's expenditure within the
amount laid aside for that month, 'and
at the same time adopt the policy of
"a stich in time, saves nine" so far
as the maintenance of a road was con
cerned. It frequently happened that
heavy rains, snow and other Unfore
seen acts of Providence resulted in a
larirer exnenditure in some months
than in others.
The work of the patrolman is very
varied; a large per cent, of the work
done by them is not apparent to the
traveling public. Among some of the
things which would not be apparent
to the traveling public, but which the
patrolman is doing, is the removal of
snow, tin cans, bottles, dead leaves,'
nails, old iron and the cleaning out of
culverts and ditches. Another char
acter of the work the patrolman does,
which is apparent to the keen observ
er, has been the inspection of the road
at frequent intervals, the removal of
brush on the inside of curves, renewal
of mile posts and guide signs, clear
ance of clogged ditches, painting of
guard rails, painting of bridges, drag
ging the roads after rains, cutting
the weeds along the side of the road
and widening out narrow points along
the highway. Particular attention has
been paid to cutting the brush back
at the railroad crossings and install
ing warning signs at these points, as
well as around dangerous curves.
The patrolmen have been further re
quired to place signs, giving their
name at the beginning and end of
-their route and half way along on
their section. Their duties consist of
renewing planks on bridges, keeping
the shoulders and slopes trimmed, in
stalling new culverts, using the har
row, drag and hone.
In some sections where the funds
have permitted, the name of streams
have been painted on the bridges, the
town, county and State lines have
been established and culverts and
bridges have been numbered and some
railway crossings have been abolished
and others are in process of being
eliminated.
All of this work outlined, has not
usually been undertaken by the ordi
nary method of repairs; where the
funds would permit, surface repairs
have been made and the depressions
filled with new earth or material.
Daily reports have been tequired from
the patrolmen showing where they
work, the number of hands and teams
at work and the nature of the work
porfomed.
The wisdom of the patrol system
has been demonstrated time and again
where repairs have been made at a
cost of less than a dollar by being
made at the proper time, whereas if
the patrolman had not seen the
condition at the time and made the
necessary repairs, the cost would have
run into a good many dollars. This
is particularly true where roads have
started to wash after a heavy rain or
where the snow has started to soften
up the road surface.
Printed instructions were issued to
the patrolmen early in the season and
the placing of signs at the end of a
route has led to rivalry among the
patrolmen in regard to the upkeep of
their respective sections.
Through the kindness of the Cham
bers of Commerce, the Boards of
Trade, etc., signs were provided for a
large part of the way. These signs
had only been in use but a short time
when it was realized that the small
boy was an excellent shot in both Vir
ginia and North Carolina. The new
type of sign was then introduced, it
being considered indestructible from
the shot gun or rifle. This partly
solved the problem, but owing to the
fact that new roads were constantly
being built into the new highway, it
was soon seen that it would be neces
sary to supply signs as fast as these
roads were built. To overcome this
difficulty and to mark the highway so
that there would be no question as to
its route, a color scheme was devised
and by co-operating with some agen
cies and in some instances with pri
vate citizens, the north division of the
highway is now practically continu
ously marked so that there is no possi
bility of the tourist or stranger los
ing his way so long as he watches the
sign posts marked with different col
The success of the patrol system al
so has led to the application for fur
ther co-operation of the government
on the Central Highway, which runs
across the State of North Carolina.
It is very gratifying to this Office to
realize that the North Carolinians are
awakening to the necessity of protect
ing their investments after they make
them. The effect of the co-operation
is very apparent in a great many un
expected ways. It has led to the gen
eral improvement of the hotel service
all'along the line, the installation of
gasoline stations, the building of gar
ages and to auto service between va
rious local points.
it is noticeable that the farmers
are now hauling cord wood by truck
over these roads and a careful record
has been kept in one county of the
increase in motor traffic not only of
pleasure vehicles, but motor trucks as
well.
It has also been realized that the
tourist must obtain his meals and
lodging in the 1 various counties
tnrough which he travels; that the
farmers must profit by the tourist
trade, which finds its comfort in stop
ping at up-to-date hotels along the
route and enjoying the products which
nature has lavished on your produc
tive Mate. . -4
Many of the patrolmen have shown
great enthusiasm for the work they
are doing and in many cases the trav
eling public have shown their appre
ciation by not only stopping and en
couraging them, but have remunerat
MANY OLD AND INTESESTING
ARTICLES BELONGING TO
THE ESTATE OF ASE
NITH COX
The sale of live stock and wheat
and oats on hand belonging to th" es
tate of Asenith Cox, was on last Sat
urday at the late residence of the de
ceased, near Spoon's Mill, formerly
Levi Cox's mill, on Richland Creek, 10
miles southeast of Asheboro.
None of the household and kitchen
furniture was sold, because the will is
now being contested. If the will is
broken, all the personal property will
be sold, but if the will stands, it may
not be sold, for it is all bequeathed to
Kufus Garner.
There is much old fashioned furni
ture and other articles of personal
property. There are handmade bed
steads, the posts of which are higher
than your head, with rope cords on
them; and large feather beds with
homespun cloth used in making the
bed tick, with straw bed ticks home
made, woven of homespun flax, clean
and bright as a pin.
We saw four large old-fashioned
wooden dough trays, three of the fin
est old-fashioned clocks, as bright and
clean and looked as new as if purchas
ed from the factory yesterday the
kind of clocks that first came about
after the grandfather clock. The old
est one was bought in Fayetteville
and cost $45, long before the Civil
war.
There were corner cupboards and
bureaus of walnut of the best and
most expensive home-made kind. A
set of pewter spoons and pewter
plates.
Old sets of expensive ware that
look beautiful, like hand painted.
Drinking cups beautifully finished.
made of large horns of cattle.
Two old-fashioned haversacks, of
black material, a kind of oil or gum
cloth of the kind in use 40 years ago,
but looked like they were almost new,
so well had they been kept
Black stitched silk silk bonnets.
And there were two of the finest
and most expensive old-fashioned
women's saddles; several sides of
home tanned upper leather.
There were eleven bunches of
thread, some parts of bundles, a part
of it manufactured at Randleman and
part of it at Franklinville. They
were the 5-lb. bunches of thread
made cn Deep River forty and more
years ago.
It has been nearly forty rears since
this bunch thread was made. Some
of the bunches were older than others.
The labels were so old on some it
could not all re read, but threre were
some that could be read. On some were
the words: "Manufactured by ' the
Franklinville Manufacturing Company
r rankiinviile, Randolph County, No.
Car. Hugh Parks. Asront "
On other bunches were the 'words:
"Manufactured by the Randleman
Manufacturing Company, Randleman,
Kandolph County, No. Car." Most of
this thread was No. 9.
There were slays and gears, some
times called harness, for the old-time
looms on which were woven the cloth
for material out of which the cloth
ing for the entire family was made,
quilting poles or frames.
Three round top walnut tables were
there, the entire top of each being
made from one piece of walnut rlank.
J. he best of trunks bound with leath
er.
A large quantity of flax seed and
bags filled with hankj of home-spun
nax.
Here and there were chests full of
the old-fashioned woven counter panes
woven in the most beautiful designs,
the cotton from which they were made
grown and spun and woven at home
There were quilts and coverlets.Home
woven and home-made yarn blankets
that were made forty years ago and
will last more than forty years yet
if properly cared for. Home woven
and home made sheets were on every
bed and there were a dozen or more
large cakes of beeswax, no telling
how old.
Miss Asenith Cox died in June of
A LESSON FOR THE STEWARD
King Frederick William III cf Prus
sia was a man of few words; whatev
er he had to say was always brief and
to the point, as the following anecdote
from a foreign journal shows:
The king, who was accustomed to
interest himself in all the details of
court management, ordered his stew
ard to take special pains to see that
all the carriages and wagons were
amply supplied with food and drink
whenever they left for a journey of
I a day or so; but it sometr.nes hap
pened that the steward failed in his
duty and dispatched the drivers with
out any food, giving tliem a coin, per
haps, to buy what they wanted. That
usually meant that the driver went
hungry, as he did not have much op
portunity to leave his horses end dine
at a shop or restaurant.
At length the king Decame aware
of his steward's failure to carry out
his orders, and awaited the next op
portunity to brhig the fact to his at
tention. He had not long to wait.
That night the king stopped his coach
man as he entered the courtyard, and
upon inquiry, found that the man had
had nothing to eat since breakfast.
He held out a dollar in his hand that
the steward had given him to buy
food with. Without a word tne king
took the dollar.
He went into the castle and sum
moned the steward. That worthy ap
peared immediately and made a pro
found bow; but as he raised himself
up, he was surprised to feel a coin
placed against his mouth.
"Eat it!" ordered the king.
"But Yor Majesty, I"
"Eat it!" the king roared.
"Why, Your Majesty, I can't eat it."
"Oh, you can't? But you expected
the coachman to! Well, in the future
just remember that-that people eat
food, not money. Do you under
stand?" .
tv, ofon-nrd understood; in the iu-
ture the king's coachmen were amply
i.-.j nrovisions whenever
SUppiJCU " i
they went upon a journey
Companion.
-Youth's
ed the men for their excellent care in j this year. She was never married,
some tangible form. (She had a brother Dennis, who was
The maintenance of a road under: born and reared at the old home place
government supervision has done land lived there until long after the
much to remove politics from the road
question, which i regret to say you
will some times find in other States,
The patrolmen as fi. rule have realized
that the position depends upon their
ability to give satisfactory work,
rather than on their voting qualifications.
Messrs. Robert W. Sinclair and Ed
win Earlo, of Detroit, Mich., are to lo
cate at Salisbury, and make that place
a distributing point for all kinds of
farming tools, implements and machinery.
Chamberlain's Colic, Cholera and
Diarrhoea Remedy.
This is a remedy that every family
should be provided with, and especial
ly during the summer months. Think
of the pain and suffering that must be
endured when medicine must be sent
for or before relief can be obtained.
This remedy is thoroughly reliable.
Ask any one who has ased it Obtain
able everywhere.
Civil war when he moved on Little
river, some two miles below Duke
Williams' place where he operated his
grist mill and cultivated his farm un
til he died about 18 years ago. His
sister Hannah, who lived with her sis
ter Asenith at the old homestead
died about the same time, there being
only nine days intervening between
dates of their deaths,
Since the death of her sister Han
nah, Asenith has lived alone at the
old home place where they were born
and reared.
They had another brother Dawson,
who died soon after the Civil war.
Their father was known as "Blind
Toramie" to distinguish him from
"Squirrel Creek" Tommie Cox.
Their mother was an older sister of
the late Heeekiah B. Allen, who lived
near Ramseur and died some 20 or
25 years ago,
The gold both in coin and bars
which was hidden about the place
A MERITED COMPLIMENT
of State Good
The Lexington Star has the follow-
imr to say about me c. --
Varner as President
T?nnl Association:
o.inl session of the -Noun
Al me :: M
Carolina Good Koaas asw-"""'
icfcoville this weeK, wt. n. d.
- . . oa reelected Dres
ner, oi i,exinBm - - - .
ident of the association. ilMD " " "
seventh time Mr. Varner n
offie and it is well deserved. Mr. ar-
v oiurnvs been one of the most
loyal advocates of and workers for
good roads, noi omy j -l-"- -
lina, but in the South."
T7,, r. Wilbur Shipley, pastor of
Albemarle Presbyterian church, has
been elected president oi me
mnrle Normal and Industrial Institute
to succeed Rev. Geo. H. Atkinson, re
cently resigned.
Lim: ssv-fni.Y sick
IUU iaiw-
e. lTinff Danecrous urug
It Salivates You! It's Horrible.
You're bilious, slueeish. consti nated
and believe "you need vile, dangerous
caiomei to start your liver and clean
your Dowels.
neres my guarantee: ask your
druggist for a 50 cent bottle of Dod
son's Liver Tone and take a spoonful
tonight. If it doesn't start your liver
onu siraiguien you ngnt up Detter
than calomel and without griping or
making you sick, I want you to go
back to the store and get your" money.
laxe calomel today and tomorrow
you will feel weak and sick and nau
seated. Don't lose a day's work,
Take a spoonful of harmless, vecreta
ble Dodson's Liver Tone tonight and
wake up feeling great. It s perfectly
harmless, so give it to your children
any time. It can't salivate, so let
them eat anything afterwards.
amounted to several thousand dollars,
The Courier has heretofore published
the facts about this and other matters
heretofore.
Here and there in the yard and
about the premises can be seen holes
dug by persons trying to find more
gold which is believed by many to be
buried about the premises. The build
ings consists of one four room two
story frame dwelling house with
porch on one side end a shed on 'the
other with a room on each end and
porch between. .
The weather boarding, shingles and
ceiling and flooring and every piece
of material in the building is of heart
pine no sap can be found in any part
of the building. The planks used in
ceiling are about 10 inches wide. To
the north of this building is a large
single story building with two rooms
with a great Jjig old fashioned made
chimney in the middle. One of the
rooms to this house is built of logs
and is weatherboared "up and down,'
except the wall on the side where the
porch is, with rough heart plank
boards.
Such is life. People work and fight
for gold while living, hoard it, doing
neither themselves nor any one good
in this world and they cannot take
it with them after death.
ATTENTION! ARE YOU SICK?
If you are you want the best attention and you also want the
best drugs. You want medicine that is fresh and pure and which
has not lost its usefulness.
You want your, prescription tilled accurately and just as it is
wanted by your doctor.
You want it filed away carefully so that when you want more
of the medicine it can be found easily.
THE STANDARD DRUG COMPANY lives up to these rules
and we invite vou to call to see us. We have the best line of drugs
and medicines in this section and they are bought by a man with
years of experience and from the best houses in the business.
We are careful in the buying of drugs as we are in the com
pounding of your prescription. They must be right.
We also have the largest line of toilet, goods in this county. All
the popular odors in Talcum Powder and Toilet Waters.
SYMPHONY LAWN STATIONERY in all the popular sizes
and colors. Box Paper, Pound Paper and Envelopes to match.
We have-a large line of plain business envelopes at 5c per pack
age in all the sizes which you may want.
We also have the large Official Envelopes in several sizes at
10c per package.
The Rexall line of writing tablets are always in stock in all the
sizes. We have the large, wide Rexall tablet for only 5c as well as
the letter size at the same price.
Genuine Linen Envelopes to match our Pound Paper at 10c per
package.
LORD BALTIMORE and USTACO LINEN POUND PAPER
at 25c per pound. This is the greatest value ever offered in a mod
erate priced pound paper.
Call to see us and look at our line.
Standard Drug Co.
JAMES T. UNDERWOOD, MANAGER
R. G. JOHNSON
At New Stand
W. J. Miller Building
Has a full line of Dry Goods, Shoes, Clothing,
Hats, Caps, etc., at lowest prices. Come and
see for yourself.
FOUNDED 1838
CHARTERED IN 1859
TRINITY COLLEGE
DURHAM, N. C.
A Southern College of liberal arts with an established nnHnnol nmnfiUAn
for high standards, noble traditions, and Drosrressive nolieies. Ita en.
dowment fund makes possible its f rst-class equipment and large faculty of
weu irainea ana careiuuy cnosen teacners. student lees low. Comfortable,
inexpensive rooms in carefully supervised hygienic dormitories.
Classical and scientific courses leading to the bachelor's degree. Graduate
courses in all departments. Schools of Engineering, Education and Law.
for catalogue and illustrated booklet address
R. L. FLOWERS, Secretary to the Corporation.
Binders, Mowers, Binder Twine
JUST RECEIVED A carload of McCormick Binders and Mowers. Also
McCormick Binder Twine. If interested, Thoney Write or Call to see us. -
MCCRARY-REDDING HARDWARE CO.
HOW POULTRY PEOPLE CAN AS
SIST THE LABORATORY .
You, no doubt, are familiar with the
combined efforts being put forth by
the Experiment Station, A. & M. Col
lege, and State Department of Agri
You are perhaps familiar with the
reorganized and extended course of
instruction in poultry at the college,
the numerous letters answered daily
giving information from the office of
Poultry Investigations and Pathology,
the instructive monthly circular from
same office and the Station Bulletins,
the first of which is now going to
press. Also work in poultry experi
ments is entering the second year at
the Iredell Test Farm and work is
being started at two other test farms.
Chick mortality, feeding experi
ments, mendelian and other experi
mental work is being carried on at the
West Raleigh plant
More than a thousand dollars has
been utilized in estabishing a research
laboratory and we now have, perhaps,
the best laboratory of its kind, it tne
United States.
We want to take up systematically
the study of the various problems of
parasites and diseases. We are now
undertaking the study of the various
parasites and especially the lice, mites
etc. In the summer time these para-
,it. orB numerous and cause the most
damage and annoyance. You shoud
have no trouble in assisting this lab
oratory in obtaining material. If you
are a member of the North Carolina
Poultry Breeders' Association, you
should feel it a pleasure to help this
good work along.
How to Prepare the Vermin
Take a clean bottle (a small one),
place the lice or mites in it, stop tight
ly and pack in a small box and send
w nrrel nost. Place parasites or
vermin of only one kind of hird in
each bottle and label the bottle giving
kind of bird it is from, that is whetn
, fmm chicken, turkey, duck oi
eoose. We want parasites from all
Vinda of birds.
We will appreciate the cooperation
of every one keeping poultry ia the
"STAND BY THE PRESIPENTI
The peace-at-any-price Bryan Dem
ocrats, the "strict neutrality" leagues
and the German-Germans in this coun
try, who are shouting for political
pressure' upon the president to force
him to their way of thinking, may
learn something of American patriot
ism by reading the admirably fine and
patriotic editorial from the New York
Tribune republished on this page.
High patriotism, not partisanship,
rings in these words of the Tribune:
It would be better for the Re
publican party to indorse Wood
row Wilson in 1916 that to per
mit the principle to be establish
ed that to defend American in
terests is to commit political sui
cide" "American Republicans" declare the
Tribune, "must replace German Dem
ocrats in the national alignment"
And indeed why shpuld not both
parties unite in the re-election of such
a man as Wilson in this crisis of the
world's history? What the country
needs in these days of stress and diffi
culty is not a high tariff man or a
low tariff man or a trust buster, but
a great, cool-headed, clear-thinking
wise, unselfish, iron-willed leader.
If we have such a man as President,
why should any true American, Demo
crat or Republican, want to change
him why should not all join in up
holding his hands, as Taft and Can
non and Tribune advise?
Is there any reasonable chance that
the United States could find a wiser
or better pilot?
Zebulon Vance Judd, professor of
rural ' education in the University of
North Carolina, has resigned to be
come professor of ie recently created
department of education in the Ala
bama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn,
Ala. He enters an institute of 2,000
students and at a salary larger than
North Carolina's State Superinten
dent He begins his work in Septem
ber. stats of North Carolina,
- B. F. KAUPP,
Poultry Investigation and Pathology