mum
Washington.—I have an idea that
most readers of newspapers over
looked the impor
Deciaion tance of a recent
Hitt Ut All decision by the
Supreme court of
the United States. It is only a nat
ural consequence if they did read
it and then dismissed the matter
from their minds. That result would
obtain in many places because the
average person, concerned with his
own problems, would not pause to
trace the application of a rather
obscure principle of law even though
it is the expression of the highest
court.
The decision to which I refer was
in the litigation that hereafter is
going to be known as “the Kansas
City Stockyards case." An official
and legal title in a court proceed
ing ordinarily fails to identify it.
So, “the Kansas City Stockyards
case,” it is and will be. But “the
Kansas City Stockyards case" did
very much more than bring a ruling
effecting the immediate parties to
that litigation; it applies to every
agency of the federal government
and, I suspect, its application even
tually will be broadened to cover
actions by agencies of states and
lesser subdivisions of government.
That is to say. the decision is of
moment to you and me and every
other individual in our nation. It is
fundamental.
i,et us see, nrsi, wnai me mu
troversy was in “the Kansas City
Stockyards case." The Department
of Agriculture, under a 15-vear-old
law, has rather bread powers of
supervision over public stockyards,
one of the greatest of which is the
marketing yards at Kansas City.
Under that law. the secretary of
agriculture is empowered 10 fix the
maximum rates of fees, commis
sions and other charges made
against shippers of livestock into the
yards. That is, the secretary may
establish those rates “after the facts
have been determined,” and due
consideration has been given to all
rights and duties of the parties con
cerned.
Several years ago, complaint was
made to the department that the
Kansas City stockyards was charg
ing unreasonably high fees. The de
partment nad no choice other than
issue a citation, hold a hearing, de
termine the facts and issue an order.
The law required that course. But,
according to the records In the case,
the hearing that was heid was
something of a farce. All of the
complainants were heard, and the
department's own investigators sub
mitted their reports. It appears,
however, that the stockyards com
pany was never allowed to pre
sent its side of the case—did not
have its day in court. Well, the
secretary of agriculture, Mr. Wal
lace, issued an order fixing new
rates; the stockyards company ap
pealed to the federal courts and
the case finally wound up in the
Supreme court of the United States.
That court has now rendered its
decision, and that is the reason for
this discussion. The highest court
did not mince words in overturning
Mr. Wallace’s rates. It did so, it
explained, because of the arbitrary
way in which he fixed the rates.
They may or may not be fair; the
court did not go into that question,
but the court very definitely said
that any respondent or defendant
was entitled to nave nis side oi tne
case presented and Mr. Wallace had
not permitted the stockyards com
pany its opportunity for a fair trial.
It may or may not be news to the
readers of this column to know that
there are upwards of 50 agencies of
the federal government that have
authority to act as “legislative
courts.” That is, they are fact
finding bodies and from the facts
thus found, the agencies are em
powered to render decisions that
are as powerful as a court decision,
except that these agencies can not
render a final decision unless those
charged are willing to accept the
finding as final. That is to say,
the acaused or those charged may
go into court for a review of the
action taken or the order issued. In
“the Kansas City Stockyards case,”
recourse was had to the court. A
precedent and guideline for future
orders by this flock of legislative
courts, therefore, "has at last been
established.
And why was the Supreme court’s
decision so important?
The answer is
Why So that, in that one
Important? decision, the high
est court in the
land laid down a rule of law that
again will insure the protection of
personal rights. It said, in effect,
that the action by Secretary Wal
lace had been a denial of consti
tutional rights of the individual and,
being such, the secretary had acted
as a dictator who recognizes no law.
The decision was the more impor
tant for the reason that such a large
number of these legislative courts
exist. They have a habit of ex
panding and extending their pow
ers; they take action which con
stitute* a precedent, and in a sub
sequent order go further than in the
prior one. As precedent is built
upon precedent, It happens fre
quently that after a period of ye*1*
such an agency is exercising
authority never intended by con
gress. The authority has grown up
frequently because none of the re
spondents have money to contest
the case further. It costs money to
prove innocence when you are ac
cused by your government.
Again, as to the importance of the
decision from the standpoint of its
scope: there has been an imme
diate and vigorous reaction by the
national labor relations board. That
crew started running immediately
after the court’s opinion was read.
They tucked their tails between
their legs and went quickly into a
retreat from the bold and brazen
position they had held against all
who sought to challenge their au
thority. To see the swagger and
braggadocio transformed so sudden
ly into a meek and lowly attitude—
well, any one with a sense of humor
could hardly keep from laughing.
There never has been a federal
agency in my 20 years in Washing
ton that has relegated to itself the
arrogant authority, the dictatorial
authority, shown by the labor rela
tions board. If the national labor
relations act were sound in every
respect, the personnel that is ad
ministering it would destroy what
ever chance it had of succeeding.
ft ft ft
So, when the court ruling told the
legislative courts to bo fair with
those accused or
Only One charged, the labor
Side Heard relations board
smelled a number
of legal proceedings against it. Its
members recognized that there were
cases it had “decided" that would
not stand the test in the spotlight of
a federal court for the reason that
the respondents had not been al
lowed to tell their side of the story.
There were cases, for example,
where the board had heard its own
investigators' testimony, the testi
mony of several C. I. O. organizers
whose job had been to stir up
trouble—and where the respondents
had been informed that the board
had “no interest” in what they had
to say. There were other cases
where board investigators had gone
into factories and had used methods
taught the world by Dictator
Stalin’s OGPU. Naturally, the board
tried to get out from under.
The board’s lawyers, recognizing
the dangerous ground upon which
their cases in federal court were
standing, sought to withdraw their
request for court enforcement. But
Mr. Henry Ford, one of those whom
the board and the C. I. 0.-Lewis
labor group sought to punish, felt
that the case should be tried in
court, and he is insisting through
his lawyers that the proceedings
continue. The Ford lawyers happen
to be the lawyers who fought the
late and unlamented NRA in the
famous Schechter case, and won it
—which ended NRA. They are going
after the labor relations board and
when they get through, it is possible
we will know how much power that
board has.
Along witn tne rora case, me
board has other troubles. The great
Inland Steel company of Chicago,
and the Douglass Aircraft corpora
tion have decided they did not get
a square deal from the New Deal
board. They have asked federal
courts to review their cases and
decide whether the orders issued
by the board were in accordance
with the facts, and they have asked
also for a ruling as to whether they
had been denied legal rights.
It is made to appear, therefore,
that the board may have to undo a
lot of things it has
This Board done. It may have
on the Spot to admit, also,
that in some cases
there has actually been malicious
ness on the part of some of its in
vestigators. Consider the Ford case,
for example. If the board withdraws
its original order, it will be saying
in effect that the facts upon which
it based that order were not the
facts at all. That will be somewhat
embarrassing, it seems to me. It
will be more embarrassing, how
ever, if it comes forth with a new
order which is based upon a differ
ent set of facts. Either thg first set
of facts or the second of facts ob
viously is wrong—not facts at all in
one of the two instances.
There are other instances of other
boards and commissions which have
been exercising all too much author
ity for the good of the country, ac
cording to the way* I see things.
Few of them have been so blatant
about it, however, as the Depart
ment of Agriculture and the labor
relations board. Some of the agen
cies, notably the interstate com
merce commission, has never been
accused of unfairness, as far as I
know. It may have made mis
takes, or legal questions may have
been tested in court, but that agency
holds the respect of railway execu
tives, shippers and labor alika.
O Western Newspaper Union.
WHO’S
NEWS
THIS
WEEK
By LEMUEL F. PARTON
NEW YORK.—-Two or three year*
ago, I was one of a group of
newspaper men arguing about who
was the best reporter who ever
„ _ worked around
Roy Burton here. One old-tim
Knew How to er was holding out
Fan Up Story Ro3\ Bu.rt°n’
whomhehad
known on the Brooklyn Eagle in the
nineties. Burton, he said, was the
best leg-man and digger, the most
fearless, and the most gifted in
fanning up a story out of nothing
at all. He knew make-up, too, said
the oldster.
The diligent reporter has been
duly rewarded. He is the Sir Pom
eroy Burton whose magnificent
French chateau the duke and
duchess of Windsor were looking
over recently.
With the Northcliffe papers in
London, he became a multl-mtlUon
aire, as he transformed British Jour
nalism with daring American tech
niques. He became a British citizen
in 1914 and was knighted in 1923.
lu addition to his vast newspaper
interests, he is a magnate of elec
tric power and utilities.
He was a printer’s devil on his
father’s newspaper in Youngstown,
Ohio, and, at the age of twelve, was
knocking about country printshops in
Ohio on the same job. He became
a compositor on the Brooklyn Eagle.
Hearing of a vacancy ou the news
staff, he persuaded the city editor
to give him a try at reporting.
He hired evening clothes to cover
a society function. There, Colonel
. •« j Hester, owner or
Boss Lifted .he Eagle, was
Youth in tremendously im
Hire.d Tails pressed with the
personable young
man with whom he was talking, and
thought he had met him some
where. Young Burton did not re
mind the colonel that he had seen
the young man in a printer’s apron
a few days before.
He became city editor and man
aging editor of the Eagle, held im
portant executive positions with the
World and the New York Journal
and was taken to England by Lord
Northclifle in 1904. Ten years later,
he owned all but a few of the Daily
Mail shares not owned by Lord
Northclifle.
In the World war, he virtually
headed the organization of British
propaganda, and many of the most
damaging anti-German stories were
attributed to him. His enemies
charged that he had “debauched
British journalism with degrading
American sensationalism.”
His friends insisted he had en
livened and regenerated it. He
„ makes an occa
Sir Pomeroy 8j0nal trip to
Visits U. S. America with a
With Valets staff of valets and
secretaries, suave,
dressy and still fit and impressive
at seventy-two, with more than a
touch of British accent.
Over here, he always hated the
name Pomeroy and shortened it to
Roy, but picked it up again in Eng
land. He had been named for
“Brick” Pomeroy, the cyclonic jour
nalistic disturber of the latter half
of the last century, and he held
Mr. Pomeroy in low esteem. Pom
eroy was almost, but not quite, a
winner.
From a Wisconsin crossroads, he
rammed around the country in
newspaper and financial brawls,
and, in his old age, just through
sheer animal spirits, started plug
ging a tunnel through the Rocky
mountains, at Georgetown, Colo.
He was flattened by the '93 de
pression and died soon after, with
nothing to show for his life’s work
but a hole in the ground. Then it
was discovered that the tunnel had
gouged into fabulous mineral wealth
in Kelso mountain. Eight years ago,
the tunnel went on through the
mountain, as the Moffatt tunnel.
WWW
Reporting the return of Pouit
ney Bigelow from a visit to his
friend, the former kaiser, and his
fervent approval of dictators, has
.. _. , become a matter
Mr. Bigelow of annual routine
Has a Yen It is an old story,
for Fuehrers but 1116 freshness
and vehemence of
Mr. Bigelow’s disgust with democ
racy and enthusiasm for fuehrers
always makes it interesting.
He is the patriarch of Malden-on
the-Hudson, with relatives and de
scendants, down to great-grandchil
dren, all up and down the river. He
will be eighty-three years old on
September 10. His father, John Bige
low, was American minister to
France under Abraham Lincoln.
He hunted birds eggs with the
kaiser, forming a lifetime friend
ship, broken only by the war, which
he charged the kaiser with having
started. He recanted afterward and
the two old men meet annually to
salute "Der Tag” when only the all
wise and all-just shall rule again.
C Consolidated New* Feature*.
WNU Service
WHAT T
ND WH
-fjouiton (foudiii
Discusses the
NEED FOR IODINE
Key Substance of the Thyroid Gland-Tells
How to Avoid Iodine Starvation
By C. HOUSTON GOUDISS
< East 39th St. Now York CtOr
THE discovery of our vital need for iodine is one of the
most thrilling chapters in the long history of scientific
research.
Many investigators contributed to our understanding of
iodine hunger, but special credit is due to Dr. David Marine
and his co-workers; and to.'
Dr. E. C. Kendall of the Mayo
Clinics at Rochester, Minn.
Today we know that al
though it constitutes only
about one part in three mil
lion parts of the body weight,
iodine is so essential that its
absence from the diet may
have the gravest conse
quences.
Thyroid—The Giand of Gland*
Iodine is necessary for the nor
mal functioning of the thyroid
giand, siinatcd in the front part of
the neck. The thyroid is so im
portant that it la often regarded
as the throttle which governs the
human locomotive, and when It
rails to function normally, the
body machinery may be thrown
out of balance.
Thyroid disturbance during
childhood may affect mental and
physical development, and many
children have been accused of
laziness who are suffering from
thyroid deficiency. Thyroid disor
der may be a complicating factor
In obesity, and specialists have
found that it if associated with
many stubborn skin diseases. It
is also claimed that Iodine starva
tion influences mental make-up
and emotional tendencies.
—
Disfiguring Goiter
Simple goiter is a common dis
order of the thyroid gland. At
one time the very mention of this
disease terrified girls and women,
who feared the unsightly lump in
the neck which disfigures the vic
tim. Now, thanks to dramatic ex
periments, we know that simple
goiter is an iodine deficiency dis
ease.
Animal Experiments Point the Way
In 1916, it was estimated that a
million young pigs died annually
in Wisconsin. Investigation dis
closed that their thyroid glands
were abnormally large and ab
normally lew in iodine. When io
dine was administered to the
mothers, the young pigs were born
normal.
Scientists reasoned that if goiter
could be prevented in animals, it
could be prevented in humans,
and undertook the now famous
census in Akron, Ohio. A study
was made of the thyroid glands of
all school girls from the fifth to
the twelfth grades. Almost 50 per
cent were found to have enlarged
thyroid glands.
The girls were given small
doses of sodium iodide dissolved
in drinking water at given periods
over 2Mi years. At the end of
that time, investigators found that
of 2,000 pupils, only 5 developed
thyroid enlargement. Of the same
number not treated, 500 showed
enlargement.
Danger Periods
This demonstration aroused the
Interest of the scientific world and
gave impetus to additional experi
Send for This
FREE CHART
Showing the Iodine Content
of Various Foods
Y OU are invited to write C. Hous
-*■ ton Gondisa for a chart showing
the foods rich in iodir.e and those
which are poor in this substance. It
will serve as a valuable guide in
iweparing balanced menus.
Just ask for the Iodine Chart, ad
dressing C. Houston Goudiss, at 6
East 39th Street, New York City, A
post card is sufficient to carry your
request.
ments which increased our knowl
edge of the iodine requirement.
The great danger periods are
duriug pregnancy, childhood and
adolescence!. The diet el the ex
pectant mother most Include an
adequate supply to protect herself
and avoid the early development
of simple goiter in the c hild.
It is also essential to provide
sufficient iodine for growing chil
dren, an the incidence of the dis
ease increases steadily np io the
eighteenth year In girls; hr hoys
it reaches iU peah at twelve.
Seme investigators also claim
that one way to enhance the ac
tion of the giands after middle life,
and sc prolong youth, is to include
in the daily diet some foods with a
high iodine content.
Nature'* Storehouse of iodine
It Is tfce duty of every home
maker to learn where the neces
sary iodine can be obtained and to
include iodine-rieli foods in the
daily diet, but it is especially im
portant for those living in “the
goiter belt.’' This area stretches
along the Appalachian mountains,
as far north as Vermont, west
ward through the basin of tfce
Great Lakes to tho state of
Washington, and southward over
the Rocky Mountain and Pacific
states.
Iodine-Rich Foods Wm
The sea is the great storebouse
of iodine and hence, the most
abundant sources are sea food, in
cluding salmon, cod, erahmeat
and oysters; cod liver oil; and
salt.
Fruits and vegetables grown
near the sea contain varying
amounts of iodine, depending upon
Graceful Butterfly
New Crochet Idea
Pattern No. 6031.
There’s graceful beauty in every
stitch of this butterfly which you’ll
find charming for a chair set, buf
fet set or scarf ends. Crochet it
in string , . . the same medallion
makes the center of each wing
and arm rest. Fascinating pick
up work that’s easy to do. In
pattern 6031 you will find direc
tions for making a chair or buffet
set, and scarf; illustrations of the
chair set and of all stitches used;
material requirements; a photo
graph of the butterfly.
To obtain this pattern, send 15
cents in stamps or coins (coins
preferred) to The Sewing Circle,
Household Arts Dept., 259 W. 14th
Street, Mew York, N. Y.
the water and soU, and the season,
the Iodine content being at a max
imum in the autumn and winter.
In general, it may be said that
the leaves of plants contain more
iodine than the roots, and that
leafy vegetables and legumes
store more than fruits, with the ‘
exception of cranberries, which
are a good source. When the soil
is rich in iodine, watercress be
comes a fine source of this sub.
stance.
Iodized Salt
One of the most satisfactory
methods for adding iodine to the
diet, especially in goiterous re
gions, is through the use of iodized
salt. In Detroit, a city-wide test
of iodized salt reduced the preva
lence of simple goiter from 38 per
cent to S per cent. Similar fig
ures have been cited for other lo
calities. Iodized salt coots no
more than ordinary table fait end
is an excellent safeguard against
simple goiter.
Iodine in Drinking Wafer
Even in early times, it was be
lieved that there was some rela
tion between goiter and drinking
water, and recent evidence nas
disclosed that there was a sound
basis for this belief. Two investi
gators found that the water in a
large part of the northern half of
the United States falls into a low
iodine classification.
Several communities have given
consideration to the prevention cf
goiter by the addition of iodine to
the water supply. This method is
commendable, but it must be
borne in mind that wherever io
dine is taken in forms other than
food, careful supervision by the
physician or the public health au
thorities is necessary.
To those homemakers interested
In planning the best possible diet
for their families, X shall gladly
send lists showing which foods are
rich in iodine and which are poor
in tills substance.
Questions Answered
Miss S. G.—There is no justifi
cation for serving toast at every
meal instead of bread. It is true
that proper toasting changes some
of the starch to dextrine which is
quickly and easily digested. But
laboratory experiments reveal
that the proteins of toasted bread
and crusts have a lower digesti
bility, and animals gain less
weight when fed on them than on
the untoasted bread and the in
side crumbs of the loaf.
Mrs. B. R. S.—The average
meal leaves the stomach within
four hours, though a large meal
may stay for five hours. How
ever, the length of time food re
mains in the stomach is only a
fraction of that required for the
entire digestive process, which va
ries in normal individuals from 12
to 47 hours. Carbohydrates leave
the stomach most quickly, pro
teins are next, and fats require
the longest period.
Miss C. T.—Agar-agar is a non
irritating, indigestible carbohy
drate. As it is not digested, its
caloric value is zero, and it could
not possibly be fattening.
• WNU -C. Houston Gcudiss- 1S3S—11
THE ALL-WEATHER LIGHT
light It up and ^n | n -> n
»,..nywh«,—a noiemair
any time, in
any waathaa. Genuine Pyiax Globa preffh
mantle ■ againet wind, enow. rain. Clean
powerful brilliance... Jure the light for nan
around the farm. ..dandy for hunting, camp*
lag. "The Light of 1000 Urea”. Hat orenka
loug'terrke generator. See the Celemaa e
your dealer1».
Send Poefenrd far Proa Felders
THE COLEMAN LAMP AND STOVE CO.
Deee wu-toe, wietma, tote caiini. HM
PMMeieMa, Pn* Lee Atoatat. Oanr. (twtW)
AUNT MAY TILGY’S
Damson Conserve
personal trial and error. We have too
much else to do. The experiments, the
• Lizzie Lowry's Elderflower Cordial... Mrs.
Horton's Recipe for Crumb-Cake ... Goose
grease Ointment for the Quinsy. Howcarefully
they were guarded—those faded, handwritten
formulas in heavy old recipe books I Your
mother and grandmother originated them...
.tried them . . . proved them, then put the
priceless results away affectionately for the
daughter who would some day marry.
Assurance of excellence does not come,
nowadays, by the slow, costly process of
search tor new ana netter ways take place
in million-dollar laboratories! To tell you
of his success, the manufacturer advertises.
Here, in the pages of this newspaper, is a
seasoned section of the old family cook-book.
National advertisers bring you formulas and
recipes perfected by greater experience than
one family could ever achieve... tested by
greater labor than one woman could give in
a lifetime. Read them today... and rejoice
that yon live in a modem world!