Newspapers / Forest City Courier (Forest … / Nov. 6, 1919, edition 1 / Page 7
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Mmlpsi ZOJUD ifZVVZ* TSOQ& # njatBffiESE'TiOItDWOOD is in greater j demand than ever before s§! V j A in the history of the llsEEsi country. Years ago every body burned wood as a U umlter °* course, but the COcXd&llJ number of people in that T day was small compared U.IJJ the population of the United States now. in those olden times peo ple would have been aghast at the thought of paying or $lO a cord for firewood. Yet these prices, and even higher ones, have been charged in many cities tiie last two seasons. When cold weather approached and no coal had been put into the cellars, great num bers of people turned to the wood yards and to the farmers advertising wood as a last resort. Fuel commis sions have advised the burning of wood, pointing out that a cord of the best quality hardwood, thoroughly sea soned, has the same potential fuel value as a ton of anthracite coal. Moreover, it is decidedly more eco nomical for heating purposes during the early fall and late spring, when' only temporary fires are required. Also wood ashes have a definite value as fertilizer. That the farmer's of the country helped materially in conserving coal in 1918 by substituting wood as fuel is shown by the bureau of crop estimates of the department of agriculture. An average of 11.5 cords of wood, or a to tal of 77,092,000 cords, was burned on the farms of the com try during 11)18. The total production of cordwood dur ing the year, which includes wood burned on farms and that sold by farmers tft city dwellers, amounted to approximately 102,003,000 cords.. The average farm value in 191S was 73 cents a cord. Upon the basis of esti mates for 1918 the farm fuel-wood crop is one of the important crops of the farm, inasmuch as only five crops — corn, wheat, oats, rye and cotton —ex- ceeded it in value in 1916. In the utilization of the forests of the country, including farm woodlands, a great deal of wood material is pro duced which cannot find a use other than as fuel. While some of it is used for acid wood, charcoal, etc., most of it is left for fuel or wasted. Since many of the trees in our forests are fit only for fuel, they will not be cut un less there is a demand for fuel wood. Improvement cuttings, which take the small diseased, or defective trees, can profitably be made use of o.ily in case there is such a demand. Thinnings can frequently be made to pay for them selves, if the material is used for fuel. Sometimes products of thinnings can be used for other purposes than fuel, but more often they cannot. As proper thinnings and improvement cuttings are a great stimulus to increased pro duction and at the same time improve the quality of the timber, a fuel wood demand opens up a great opportunity for forest improvement and, if wide spread and continued, will produce a vast total effect for the better in the character and quality of our forest re sources. The great bulk of wood-fuel supply in farming regions should come from thinnings and improvement cuttings on farm woodlands. Except under stress of emergency, trees which will produce lumber or other material of higher value than cordwood should not be cut for fuel. Trees which are better suit ed for fuel than for any other purpose, whose removal will be of benefit to the remaining stand, are: Sound stand ing and down dead trees; trees dis eased or seriously injured by insect at tacks; badly fire-scarred trees; crook ed and large-crowned short-holed trees which will not make good lumber and which are crowding or overtopping others; trees which have been overtop ped by others and their growth stunt ed ; trees of the less valuable species where they are crowding more valuable ones like beech, black oak, birch, hard maple, white oak, or white pine; slow growing trees which are crowding fast growing species of equal value. On many farms former pastures have become overgrown with red cedar, gray birch, aspen, pine or other trees. The trees came In slowly and through neglect were allowed to steal much of the pasture. If fuel is to be cut some where on the farm, such land as this should be drawn upon first of all and redeemed by removing all the trees and restoring the land to grass. Also, uncleared corners of fields or patches of agricultural land within the border of the wood lot may be cut clean, the wood used for fuel and the land eventually farmed. The expense of clearing is thus largely or entirely met by the value of the fuel thus produced. With the increased use of wood fuel, which is likelv to continue for several Easy Diagnosis. There was a long line of waiting patients when he entered the doctor's office, but he didn't seem to care for that. And his nonchalance was soon justified, for the assistant came out. looked the patients over and said to this tardy arrival: "You are next." It was his air of prosperity that got him this favor, for he had never been there before. In the office the physician greeted him cordially, too. He exam ined him gently, deftly, briefly. Then said: *Ah! Dyspepsia." "I know it," portant to know how years, it is im much wood there is in the country. On farms alone the total area is approxi mately 143,392,000 acres. The first tier of states just west of Mississippi has a great deal of timber. In the West the wooded areas are for the most part restricted to the mountains. An aver age of ten cords an acre, which seems reasonable, would give one and one half billions of cords for the region east of the Mississippi. At the aver aeg rate of consumption on the farm itself, 12.6 cords a year, 739 cords will last 58 years. On the average this would be ample time to replace the stands and thus continue the supply in definitely. The great demand for fuel wood and the high prices during the winter of 1917-18 brought out plainly the in adequacy of the cord for measuring wood. The purchaser of fued wood buys it not for its bulk but for its heating value, which depends not upon the volume of wood but upon its weight. A pound of dry wood of one species has about the same number of heat units as a pound of any other species; but a cord, assuming the same solid volume of wood in each case (90 cubic feet), of basswood, for instance, yields but 12,600,000 British thermal units, while a cord of black locust yields 25,000,000 British thermal units. A better way to sell fuel would be by weight, which is entirely independ ent of species, shape or size of sticks, or of method of piling, and is a very good measure of the fuel value of thoroughly seasoned wood. Green wood, of course, varies considerably in water content, and therefore in fuel value, by the unit weight, and natural ly would be sold at a price different from that of dry wood. If weight in stead of volume is adopted as the standard measure, it will be necessary to fix certain standards as to time of seasoning of wood offered for sale. Coal has been so generally used lately and furnaces and stoves have become so adapted to its use that it seems impractical to many to burn wood without going to great expense. Such is not usually the *ase, as simple adjustments will allow wood to be used with coal-burning equipment. The size of the firebox, Of course, gives the greatest difficulty, since in many cases it may make it necessary to cut the wood into very small blocks. This trou ble, however, is not insurmountable and is not as expensive as it might seem. The matter of adjusting the drafts and arranging the grates is sim ple. A coal-burning stove can be convert ed into a wood-burning stove by re- said the patient, languidly. "Yes, of course you would know it. Now. how long have you suffered from it?" "Well, let's see. I 'nherited iny money in 1912." That fixed the date and the doctor was able to go ahead with the case.—Cleveland Plain Dealer. Accompanying. One is most grateful to see from the circulars of the great schools of music, that the art of accompaniment is at last to receive that recognition which it has long been denied. How THE COURIER, FOREST CITY, N. C. moving the firebrick and substituting lighter bricks at a cost of about $1.25. Most country cook stoves can burn wood without much trouble. If a stove grate is too coarse for wood, a sheet iron cover over a good part of the sur face will make it suitable, or a few fire bricks can be used. Wood grates rr.ade in two nieces are sold, which can be inserted through the firedoor and placed on top of the regular grates. Where a fireplace is available wood can be used to good advantage, afford ing both heat and ventilation. Its value is to supplement the furnace, al though it may replace the furnace in fall and spring with decided economy. It Is not generally realized that a wood fire can be kept burning night and day In a fireplace with very little attention and with small consumption of wood. One user reports continuous use of a fireplace in this way for over a month, with dry chestnut wood, where the amount of ashes formed by a month's use was not enough to require re moval. The secret of fireplace management is a plentiful supply of ashes, kept at the level of the andirons. As the blocks burn, an accumulation of glow ing charcoal forms in the ashes. This keeps on burning slowly and assists in igniting the fresh blocks on the and irons. A pocket may be formed in the ashes into which the hot charcoal may fall, forming a heat storage. Two or three blocks on the andirons with the hot charcoal in the ashes will form an excellent fire. To check the fire, ashes are shoveled over one or more of the blocks, covering lightly all burning wood. This will not put out the fire; it will only check the rate of burning, so that red charcoal will be found when the ashes are removed for the addition of fresh fuel. Another point worth bearing in mind in connection with the burning of wood in place of coal is the difference in the amount of ash produced. A cord of hardwood will make only about 60 pounds of ashes, while a ton of hard coal will make from 200 to 300 pounds. Since, however, potash is now greatly in demand, the quantity which may be obtained from wood ash is worth con sideration ; the ashes of coal, of course, yield no potash. Stove ashes contain from 10 to 15 per cent of the valuable fertilizer potash. The pres ent price of •commercial potash, about 25 cents a pound, or SSOO a ton, almost prohibits its use as a fertilizer. It is important always to keep wood ashes under cover, as they leach rapidly if allowed to become damp. New ashes should be allowed to cool befope they are dumped on the ash heap. many teachers notice It in their work? Very few recognize its utility. They are all out to provide show pieces, or solos. Yet if you can put a song down before a player feeling that he will do justice to it, and thereby help the singer, the value of such skill Is mnch greater than the ability to play a solo; and if you can transpose, a tone up or down, your earning equip ment in the musical world Is greatly increased. For general purposes this branch of music is the most useful of all. —Exchange. IHPSOVID UNIFORM INTEBJUTIONAI SUNMTSGIOOL LESSON By REV. p. B. FITZWAI .R. D. D.. Teacher of English Bible in the Moody Bible Institute of Chicago.) 'Copyright. 1919. Western Newspaper Union) LESSON FOR NOVEMBER 9 PETER'S GREAT CONFESSION. LESSON TEXT—Matt. 16:13-24. GOLDEN TEXT—Thou are the Christ, :he Son of the living God.—Matt. 16:16. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL—Mark 8:27- !S, Luke 9:18-26; John 6:66-69. . PRIMARY AND JUNIOR TOPIC—What Peter confessed. INTERMEDIATE TOPIC -What It neans to confess Christ. SENIOR AND ADULT TOPIC—The , Vlessiahship of Jesus. The time has now come for the King j to take account of his ministry. This confession in some sense marks :he turning point in Christ's ministry. Hereafter it is more restricted to his Jisciples. Two reasons are Sufficient why this should be 1-12) : (1) The Pharisees aiti Sadducees show their attitude towards him in their de mand for a sign. His answer is that : none shall he given savo that of his \ leath and resurrection, as symbolized j in the experiences of the Prophet j lonah. (2) The disciples show their inability to understand the spiritual j nature of his teaching. When he ! varned them of the leaven of the I Pharisees and Sadducees they under- j stood him to refer to bread, when he i meant their doctrine. It was at this crisis when Christ turned from the [ nation whidh had rejected him, that , Peter made this great confession. It j was made in the borders of Caesarea- Philippi, practically Gentile territory. I. Peter's Confession (vv. 13-16). Two questions of Christ provoked this confession: 1. The question as to the opinion of the people concerning him. They recognized him as a teacher or a prophet of more than human author ity and power. Today, as then, there Is a diversity of opinion among the people as to Jesus Christ. Some think fie is only a man; others, that he is a great teacher, but nothing more. Had he been content with this he would not have been molested in Jerusalem, for the Jews willingly acknowledged \ him as more thai| a human teacher. It was his persistent claim to be the God-man, the Son of God, that sent him to the cross. 2. The second question involved the personal opinion of the disciples con cerning him. To be able to tell what others think of Jesus is not enough; there must be definite, correct, and personal belief in him. 11. The New Body, the.Church, An nounced (vv. 17-20). Peter had made a noble confession of Christ, so now Christ confesses him. If we confess Christ he will confess us (Matt. 10:32, 33). Christ declared his intention of bringing into existence a new body to the members of which he will give eternal life, and to whose hands he will entrust the keys of the Kingdom. Peter was to have a dis tinguished place in this body. The keys entrusted to him were used on the day of Pentecost, and again in the case of Cornelius. Association in this new body cannot be broken by deafh, for the gates of hades shall not prevail against it. This body, the church, is of a heavenly origin, a heavenly calling, and a heavenly inheritance. 111. The Cross the Way to the Throne (vv. 21-33). This was, no doubt, startling to the disciples. They did not realize that re demption was to be accomplished through the passion of the cross. So unwelcome was this announcement that Peter cried, "This shall not he unto thee." I'eter later saw through this darkness to the glory on the hill top beyond. A new hope then filled his breast (1 Peter 1:3, 4). Victory through death is yet the stumbling block of many. Many are stumbling over the doctrine of salvation and re demption through the suffering of the cross. All such are under the control of the devil (v. 23). Salvation by blood, the devil hates. IV. The Cost of Discipleship (vv. 24- 27). To follow Christ means suffering. To follow him is to turn one's back upon the world. Life can only be saved by losing it. If we are going to be Chris tians we must share Christ's suffering. We cannot go to heaven on flowerj beds of ease. 1. There must be denial of self (v. 24). There is a wide difference be tween self-denial and denial of self. Self-denial is practiced everywhere b> all people, but only the disciples of Christ or Christian people deny self. Christ takes the place of self. 2. "Take up his cross." This cross is the suffering and shame which lie in the path of loyalty to God. To do our duty will mean suffering (2 Tim. 3:12). 3. Follow Christ. This means to have the mind of Christ, to do like Christ. All such shall be rewarded when Christ comes in glory. Christian Character. One truly Christian life will do more to prove the divine origin of Christian ity than many lectures. It is of much greater importance to develop Chris tian character than to exhibit Chris tian evidences. —J. M. Gibson. Our Life in God's Hands. Happy and strong and brave shall we be —able to endure all things, and to do all things—lf we believe that every day, every hour, every moment of our life is in God's hands.—Dr. Van Dyke. GOOD INCOME FROM FARM WOODLAND IS ASSURED TO FARMER BY PROPER CARE ■ ?X\\V;XW.VA»: ...... .. A • ■ A Farm "Crop" Too Many Farmers Overlook. With the Present Excellent. Prices for Its Products the Farm Woodland Can Be Made a Valuable A.ssct. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) A source of regular income lying at the door of many a farmer, but too often neglected, is the farm woodland. With increasing scarcity of lumber, and with excellent prices now being offered for forest products, proper care of the wooded area on the farm will amply repay the farmer. To secure a fair price for this tim ber the owner should know how much material he has and for what purposes it is best adapted. Tlie first thing for him to do, according to the forest serv ice of the United States department of agriculture, is to find out how much timber of each kind the woodland con tains, what products it will yield, and what is its general condition and qual ity. If the wooded area is small, it will be best to measure each tree separate ly. The diameter should be measured at about feet above ground with calipers made for the purpose. Heights should be carefully estimated, or measured with some sort of height instrument to the first large limbs. Knowing the diameter and height, the amount of timber in board feet in each tree can be found by the use of volume tables. Such tables are included in Farmers' Bulletin 715, Measuring and Marketing Wood-}ot Products, which will be sent free on application to the department of agriculture. The quan tity of cordwood a tract will yield can hardly be estimated by an inexperi enced person. Sales of such material will usually have to be made on the basis of actual cut. Measuring on a Large Tract. If the woodland is large it will, of course, seldom be possible to measure each tree separately. In such cases every tree may be measured on paral lel strips 66 feet wide running through the tract. Every 660 feet in length of such strips comprises an acre. Aver aging all the acres comprised in the strips and multiplying by the total acreage of the tract gives the total stand. The strips should include at least 10 per cent of the woodland. Proper allowance must also be made for defective timber. Dead trees, ex cept those killed by fire or other out side agencies, are apt to be very de fective and should be culled. When the tract is exceptionally large, it may pay to employ a professional "cruiser" to estimate the timber. If the owner depends altogether up on local industries to buy his product, he is likely to find his market extreme ly limited. Some products, such as crossties and fuel wood, have to be sold locally; it would not pay to transport them far. But other products, among them tan baik. can be shipped 150 miles, and still others, like walnut timber for gunstocks, can be shipped almost any distance. Railroads Large Purchasers. Railroads are the largest purchasers of crossties. Any station agent will furnish information concerning speci fications and prices. Electric railways in cities and towns also use ties, but unless the distance to town is short it will not pay to ship them. Electric interurban lines offer the same op portunity for disposing of ties as do the steam roads. Telegraph and tel ephone companies are always on the market for poles. Electric power and electric railway companies also use poles. The market for piling is not very extensive, but railroads, large construc tion firms, and docking companies pur chase considerable quantities. Piling timbers, which must be straight and long, bring good prices. Mines are large users of timber. Sawmills, veneer mills, and fruit and vegetable package factories offer a market for the particular kinds and qualities of the woods they handle. These industries buy their material in log form, and all the farmer needs to do is cut and deliver his timber in the rough to the mill. Veneer logs must be of good quality and usually 16 inches and over in diameter. Selected stock brings a high price. The forest service has prepared bul letins on the wood-using industries of a number of states which tell the uses to which various woods are put and the quantity used annually for each purpose. The forest service has prepared bulletins on the wood-using industries of a number of states which tell the uses to which various woods are put and the quantity used annually for each purpose. A list of these bulle tin and information as to how to pro- cure them may be had upon applica tion to the forest service, Washing ton, D. C. Ways of Selling Products: The way in which farm forest proof uets are sold may have a good deal to do with the profit an owner gets fri'zn his tract. There are fonr v/ays of selling: (1) By scale measurement of rough products; ("J) Ivy the piece, for such products as ties and poles; (3> ! y the boundary, lor a lump sum; and (4) by lumber scale of sawed products. % Selling by the log or piece is the' simplest method. Ties, poles, piling, etc., are always sold by the piece. The important things to know are the dif ferent grades of each product and their relative value. Fire wood, pulp wood and excelsior wood are sold, either by the cord or rick. This, too;, is a comparatively simple method ot marketing. To be sure of selling prof itably by boundary for a lump S®B, the owner must make a very careful estimate of the amount and value mt his timber. When to Cut Timber. In the majority of cases the best time to cut timber is in the winter months. Winter-cut timber seasons slowly and evenly, and by the time warm weather comes is air-dried*. Products which must be peeled, how ever, such as ties, poles, and tan liatriG* should be cut in spring, when the bark peels most easily. Veneer logs caia be cut in any season of the year, pro vided they are delivered without lon# delay after being cut, and the ends are painted to avoid rapid drying aai6 checking of the wood. Pulp wood and tannin-extract wood may be cut autD shipped at any season of the year. UNCLE SAM AS HORSE OWWEfE New Stallion Farm Established at Buffalo, Wyo., to Produce High. Class Animals. (Prepared by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture.) A new stallion fann, the only one of its kind in the country, was estat>- lislied by the United States dejs«rt ment of agriculture in co-operatioaß with the Wyoming Agricultural col lege, at Buffalo, Wyo., the Ist of Jtily. It is to be known as the United States- Wyoming Horse Breeding station, where the work that has been dote for the past 15 years by the depart ment in co-operation with the Colorado Agricultural college will be continued. The object of the work at this station will be to produce high-class stallions suitable for the production of utility horses adapted to western range anJ farm conditions. Stallions at this sta tion are available for use by mare owners in the community, and from time to time they will be sent for ser vice to different parts of Wyoming and Colorado. Stallions developed for the range weigh from 1,200 to 1,401* pounds. CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES Most Varieties Are Able to Withstand Severe Conditions if Given Some Protection. (Prepared by the United States Dep*rt ' ment of Agriculture.) Currants and gooseberries are very hardy and withstand extremely low temperatures; in fact, if windbreak* are provided, most varieties are aWe to withstand the severe conditions In most parts of the upper Mississippi valley and the northern great plains area. Good horses are not cheap. * * * The silo is an absolute necessity * * ♦ Don't tie wool with binder twine. * • * The silo's the thin^ —more so than ever. * * * If farmers wwe good salesmen they would be richer. * * * Draw the cauliflower heads together to prevent sunburn. * * • Celery that is to be stored in tl» cellar does not need to be blanched tofr fore going In. ; I
Forest City Courier (Forest City, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Nov. 6, 1919, edition 1
7
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