THE CHARLOTTE MESSENGER.
VOL. IV. NO. 18.
THE TRAP SPRUNG.
Four of Chicago’s Anarchists Die on
the Gallows,
The Renleace of Two Uniiiintili'it to Im
prlaormrot for l.iro-Oeo ( otnnill. Hu-
Irldo.
Ttic excitement which had prevailed
in Chicago for many days was increased
in a measure by the announcement that
Governor Oglesby had decided to inter
fere in the case of two of the seven An
archists—Bainucl Ficldcn and Michael
gchwab. Their sentence of death the
Governor commuted to imprisonment for
life because they hod united with Spies
in a plea for mercy. The Governors’
reasons for not interfering in the ense of
Carsons, Lingg, Engel and Fischer were
that they were guilty and hnd not asked
for executive clemency as guilty men,
hut hnd demanded freedom as innocent
men. In the ease of Spies, editor of the
Anarchist ncwspa|rer at the time of the
terrible Haymarket riot, the Governor
did not feel justified in interfering.
LOUIS LINGO.COMMITTED SUICIDE.
Louis Lingg, by some means unknown,
ftorreted in his cell a small dynamite
sh«*ll. Placing this in his mouth Thurs
day morning he blew r his jaw and neck to
pieces. He lingered for several hours in
agony. His death and the commutation
of his companions left four men to la?
hanged on Friday. The terrible events
lending to the arrest and trial of the An
archists, with details of the execution
funeral of four of the condemned men,
and sketches of the lives of all seven,
will Ik* found below.
Thrlr IjH*i Hour*.
During the long hours of the night the
only newspaper men who were admitted
to the inner precincts of the jail were the
representatives of the Associated Press.
They had quarters in what is known as
the lawyers’ cage, and were within ten
f»*et of the Anarchists. At 4 o’clock one
of them marie the tour of the lower cor
ridor where Spies, Parson, Fischer and
Engel were confined. In each cell were
two stalwart guardes, who stood watch
over the Anarchists. The former chat
ted in low tom**, and whisjiercd jokes
among themselves to while aw ay the time.
Hut the talk and whispered jokes were
all lost on the prisoners. Each one was
in the heaviest of slumbers. Spies lay
on one side, his head on his ami, and
“lent as peacefully as a balie. Fhcher
had turned om on his back, and the
conscience wits that his frequent snoring
echoed in a startling manner through the
silent corridors of the building.
Engel lay motionless, as did Parsons,
except that at times the latter started
uneasily as if dreams were coursing
through his mind. Then at intervals the
silence w f as broken by the stealthy walk
of the armed guard, who made the
rounds of the lower corridor to see that
all was well. The only other disturbing
element was the mewing of the jail cat,
who kept up the noise so persistently
that at last tne deputy bore down, rap
tured and removed her to the basement,
where her cries could not be heard. All
the common prisoners to the number of
about two hundred, were left in their
usual cells.
At one o’clock a change was made in
the death watch Deputy Jlartke had
been guarding Bpies since 8 o’clock. He
reported that lie had quite a long talk i
with the Anarchist. Bpies declared that
he had no reasou to lie afraid, and then
aunched forth in a tirade against the
Courts. He asserted that all the. Judges
who had any connection with the case
had reason to tremble, while the An
archists could hold lip their litwls and
walk to death with a steady footstep.
Tli#' deputy also related the manner in
which K*v. I)r. Bolton was received by
Bpies. The divine asked him if he
would not accept spiritual consolation.
Bpies, with a haughty shake of the head,
declared thit lie had no use for any cler
gyman. “Pray for yourself,” returned
Bpies “you need it more than I.” At 11
o'clock Spies lay down on his cot and
closed his eyes, but did not sleep. Sever
al times he got up fora drink of water.
But his every movement betokened a
firmness which was astonishing
Ho It was with the rest of the Anarch
ists. Parsons had the nerve to entertain
hi* guard with a song. His selection
was “Annie Lburie.” He sang the sweet
*ong entirely through and, when he had
finished, rested his head on his hands for
a few m iments and then repeated the
song. His fortituded was the wonder of
all wh » heard him. Bet wren 1 and 2
o’clock the sheriff and his nssistanls test
ed tie gallows. Heavy bags of sand
were attached to the ropes and the traps
were sprung. The machine worked to
|>erfc tion and in all respect* was sati*
factory to the authorities. Tin* papal
quie". prevailed injbv jail.
Not many minutes from six o’clock
came daylight, and a hustle different
from that of night invaded the seclusion
of the prison. The day of the hanging
had arrived. It was 15 minutes to 7
when Engel awoke. Within the next
ten minutes his three doomed com
panions opened their eyes. They tumbl
ed out of their cots and hastily* dressed
themselves. No conversation took place
between the Anarchists and their guards.
Bpies and Parsons simply lmde them
good-bye and in a few minutes the depu
ties emerged from the ccllroom. They were
A. R. PARSONS. HArGED.
releived by others. Fischer was the first
one to emerge from Ills cell. Accom
panied by deputies lu* stepped over to
the plain iron sink and took a good
wash. Bpies next performed this ablu
tions and seemed to enjoy them. Old
nut! Engel followed the young Anarchist
and the last to wash was Parsons.
At 7.20, two waiters from Martell’s
restaurant brought to the prisoners their
breakfast. The edibles were carried in
a large new clothes basket and the linen
and table-ware looked bright and clean.
Active preparations for the execution
liegan at 7:30 o’clock, when Chief Bailiff
Chaill arrived at the jail and assigned
the deputy sheriffs to their various posi
tions during the event. The Rev. Dr.
Bolton arrived at 7:45 a, m. and passed
into the cell. Passing first into Parsons’s
cell, he attempted to engage the doomed
Texan in religious conversation. Par
sons had not yet finished his breakfast.
In the meantime Spies had called for
paper and envelopes, ami when they were
furnished him lie began writing. After
a stay of eighten minutes in Parsons’s cell,
Dr. Bolton emerged and, walking to
Bpies door stood looking at that individ
ual, who glanced at the clergyman and
continued writing, Dr. Bolton remained
standing in front of Bpies two or three
minutes, but receiving no recognition he
walked away, Writing materials were
furnisned to Parsons and Fischer, who
immediately set al»out preparing state
ments. Engel made no request for pen
or paper, hut sat stolidly on his bed look
ing at the opposite wall of his cell.
At 10.55 fully 250 newspaper men,
local |H)liticiuns and others, among them
the twelve jurors who were to view the
bodies after the execution, had passed
through the dark passage under the gal
lows and began seating themselves. The
bailiffs said a few words to the journa
lists, begging them to make no rush
when the drop fell, but to wait decently
and in order. Parsons was given a cup
of coffee a few minutes before the march
to the scaffold was begun. The rattling
of the chairs, tables and benches of the
re|K»rters continued several minutes, hut
by 11.05 there began to fall a hush and
conversation among the crowd sank al
most to a whisper. The bare whitewash
ed walls madr a painful contrast with
the dark brown gallows, with its four
noosed n»|K*s dropping ominously near
the floor. A gleam of sunshine shooting
through the window at this instant fell
on a corner of the death machine and in
a slight degree relieved its sombre hue.
Through the window were seen a num
ber of policemen armed with rifles, look
ing down from the roof of the Dearborn
street wing at the proceedings. The
chief bailiff began, ntll.lo, calling out
the names of persons summoned as jurors
and bringing them forward to a row of
little stools directly in front of the gal
lows. No other sounds were heard iu
the long, high corridor but the solemn,
monotonous voice of the bailiff and rust
ling of jurors as they tiptoed forward
through the crowd.
■
ADOLPH FISCHER, HANGED.
It lacked just seven minute* and a half
of the b >ur of high noon when a single
white-shrouded figure' above which was
a face of yellowish pallor—tilt' fate of
August Spies- past the first post of the
gallows. The gapping crowd, ten feet
below, half rose involuntarily from their
chair* at the first glimpse of I lie appara
tion advancing n ross (lie scaffold. lie
walked firmly over the drop, guided by
the grasp of the deputy, to the furthest
edge of the gallows. Following close
came Fischer, close enough to touch
tipics'saliroud, had lus hands nut liccu
CHARLOTTE, N. C., SATURDAY, NOV. 1!>, 1887
pinioned under the white muslin.
Fischer's countenance had a peculiar
glisten, totally unlike the ashiness of
Engel’s heavy features, and in some
strange contrast with the dead lack of
color in the pinched lineaments of Par
sons. The once jaunty, vivacious Texan,
came fast, a withered old man.
The moment his feet touched the scaf
fold Parsons seemed to have completely
lost his identity and to feel that his
spirit was no longer a part of his body.
He had wrought himself up to an ecstacy
of solemn self-glorification.
The squat form of Engel alongside,
with stupid, wide-jawed face, made a
hideous contrast to Parsons’ assumption
of the halo of a martyr. Fischer was
head and shoulders talier than the other
three, making his occasional looks of too
evident bravado more noticeable than
they might otherwise be, and at a sorry
disadvantage compared with the steady
coolness of Bpies. The latter’s exhibition
of quiet, thorough nerve, far surpassed
as a wonder the demeanor of any of his
comrades.
The four burly deputies, standing to
the rear of the four condemned men v
began without delay to adjust the ropes.
Spies’ noose being the first one placed.
The knot was slipped down, the cord
close against his neck. Spies did not
show a tremor, but when the same pro
cess* was being carried out with Fischer
he turned and quietly whispered to the
baliff some suggestion concerning the
rope.
J ust then Dr. Murphy, a young physi
cian standing back of Engel, whispered
a joke in Engel’s ear. Incredible as it
may seem, the low-browed Anarchist
laughed outright with the rope around
his neck, and while another was being
fastened on Parsons by his side.
The white caps were deftly slipped
upon their heads and drawn quickly
down to their necks, shutting off the
view of each as completely and with less
warning than does the camera cloth of
a photographer.
August Spies was the first of the four
doomed men to make use of his wits
while he could. In a tone of intense
bitterness of spirit he hissed out between
his tightly clenched teeth: “There will
come a time when our silence will be
more powerful than the voices they are
strangling to death.’’
The lasUsyllable of Spies’s concluding
words, hoarse with suppressed passion,
had not reached the end. when Engel,
raising his voice wildly, cried: “Hurrah
for Anarchy!”
Fischer caught the fire of the utterance
and still more loudly exclaimed: “Hur
rah for Anarchy!’’ Adding: “This is
the happiest moment of my life!’’
There was a silence like the grave,
broken abruptly by the slow, measured
intonation of Parsons, like a white-robed
priest before the altar of sacrifice. Not
as a djing request, but rather like a com
mand or warning, he sounded forth:
“May I he allowed to speak?’’ Then,
with slow entreaty came: “Will you let
me speak, Sheriff Matson?”
There was another agonizing pause.
Muffled through the shroud broke out in
unnatural hollow accents: “Let the voice
of the people lie heard.”
A crash as of a falling house thunder
ed through the corridors, the slender
ropes were taut. In full view of the two
hundred men in front w’ere four white,
writhing shrouds. The ropes could be
seen slowly tightening about the necks
that, between the cap and shroud, could
be noticed blackening and purpling.
Nine minutes passod. Then it was
known to a certainty that not a neck had
been broken. The four Haymarket mur
derers had been literally throttled and
strangled.
When the news that the end had come
finally reached Ihe public there was but
little Extra copies of the af
ternoon papers were eagerly bought, but
that was all, and business soon went on
as usual.
It was w’onderful to note how quickly
the excitement w hich had filled the jail
all the morning calmed down after the
execution. The two hundred prisoners
confined in the place, who had been in
fever heat during the tragic event of the
Mr l ~ jS
1 L f/
GEORGE ENGEL, HANGED.
day, regained their usual spirits. They
eraeked jokes from cell to cell, and ais
they hail nothing to eat since breakfast
they soon began to yell for soup. soup.
I The spectators who had witnessed tne
hanging walked rapidly out of the en
closure, and the weary deputies went to
dinner, the only ones left in the jail office
being the Press representatives.
When the coffins were brought to the
seaflold, Sheriff Matson exclaimed: “His
will be done.” The bodies were lower
ed in the following order: Spies, Fischer
Kngel and Parsons. All looked natural.
Tlie coffins were quickly screwed down
and paper tags were pasted on each
for identification. The liodiet were tak
en away from the jail abort 1.45. For
Spies a hearse had been provided. There
was some trouble in getting away from
the crowd that tailed on to the last
wagon, but rapid driving freed the |>n>.
i cession from this annoyance. Following
by a string of cabs, and proceeded by a
carriage containing the committee, the
hearse and wagons moved speedily along.
There was no excitement, and only a few
persons gathered. The corpses were
taken to an undertaker's shop, where
they were dressed and afterwards taken
to the homes of their relatives.
The Faaeral Crteae.
The funeral precession of the Anarch
ists began to move between I and S
o’clock Sunday afternoon. I» was head
ed by Chief Marshal Hopp. with two aides
and a band of musicians in the uniform
of the German army. Immediately af
terwards came members of the defence
committee, headed by George A. Schill
ing, who carried in his hands a floral
tribute.
Following them marched, eight abreast
nearly two hundred members of the
Aurora Turnverein, of which August
Spies w« a member. Hie whole society
was not out, as many members are noi
in sympathy with Anarchy, four hun
dred of the Vorwartx Turner Society
came next, wearing red badges on the
left breast. This branch of turners is
more strongly tinctured with Socialism
than any in the city. One hundred of
the Fortschritt branch came next, and
then followed a hearse bearing the bodv
of August Spies. The top of the hearse
was so covered with floral tributes that
nothing else could be seen. Inside was
s richly covered casket, over the black
broadcloth of which was thrown n sash
of red silk. Then another band wheeled
into Lake street playing a dirge, fol
lowed by many hundred members of the
Central Labor Union, which comprises
some of the most extreme Socialists in
the rity; next came a hearse in
which lay the coffin of Adolph Fischer.
It also was decorated with flowers,
but not so profusely as that of Spies.
Next came a hearse' containing the re
mains of Parsons. On the box by the
driver sat a man holding in his hands a
floral rmbem of such immense sire that
the inscriptian of flowers, “From K. of
L. Assembly No. 1,307.” could be seal a
hundred feet away. This is the Assem
bly to which Parsons belonged until it
was expelled from the Order on account
of its adherence to the cause of Anarchy.
Across Parsons’ coffin was thrown a
simple strip of red silk ribbon. Then
came another cohort of the Central La
bor Union, composed of representatives
of all sorts of trades. Behind these were
the hearses of Engel and Lingg. over
IB e
August spins. hanged.
whose black coffins were the red banners
under which the men had fought, {sev
eral floral pieces were carried behind.
The hearseswere so Mowed by carriages
containing relatives of the dead men and
by various labor organizations and great
numbers of men. women and children on
foot.
Particular attention was attracted by
two local assemblies of the Knights of
Labor, composed of women, who were
aflame with red in the shape of scarlet
ribbons in their hats, bows of crimson at
their throats and long streamers of crim
son hanging from their shoulders. In
front of them inarched Miss Mary Mc-
Cormick, master workman of the organ
ization known as “Lucy Parsons Assem
bly, Knights of Labor.” She was at
tended by two others and carried a huge
wreath surmounted with n snow-white
dove, the emblem of peace. The wreath
and dove were sent by the ladies of the
defence fund committee of Cincinnatti.
The procession, which contained
twelre or thirteen bands of music, was
twenty-three minutes in passing.
It proceeded to the Wisconsin Cen
tral depot, where the coffins of the An
archists were transfered from the hearses
to a baggage car and the friends and
relatives of the dead men took a special
train for Waldheim Cemetery, where
the interment was to take place. The
funeral train consisted of seventeen
coaches. Three othar trains were made up
and all were crowded. Upon arrival at
the cemetery, which is situated on a des
olate stretch of paraire on the outskirts
of the city the coffins of the dead An
archists were laid upon a rude platform
in front of a gloomy stone vault and in
the presence of several thousand persons
Captain Black delivered a funeral oration'
in the course of which he said:
THE FUNERAL ORATION
I am not here this afternoon to speak
to yau any special words concerning the
cause for which these men lived, nor con
cerning the manner of their taking off.
but to speak to you tike a friend, to tell
: you that that cause which command their
services was sealed at last by their lives.
I with unstinted measure for the sake of
those they loved. You know how grand
ly they passed out of this life into the
perfect and glorious life that is beyond
the reach of mis judgment We are not
I here beside the caskets of felons consign
ed to ignominious death. We are here
betide the bodies of those who were sub
lime in their aelf-tacriflce and for whom
the gibbet became a glorious cross. Thcv
havc been painted and presented to the
world as men loving violence and riot
, and UvocUUed ter o» own -air. Noth
ing could rorther from the truth.
They were men who loved peace, whose
hearts were full of tenderness;
who were loved by those who well knew
them, trusted by those who came to un
derstand the glory and power of their
lives. And the anarchy of which they
spoke and taught, what was it! but an
attempt to answer the question after the
resolution, what?" They believed that
there was that of wrong and hardship in
the exacting order which pointed to con
flict, because they believed that selfish
ness would not surrender peaceably and
of its own motion to righteousness, and
the whole of their thought, of their phi
losophy as Anarchists, was the establish
ment of an order of the society that
should be symbolized in the words,
“Order without force.’ Is it practical?
I know not. They thought it was. I
know that it is not practical now, but I
know also as a philosopher and Christian
that under the inspiration of love that
day will come when righteousness will
reign in the earth, and" when sin and
eelffehness will end.”
Capt. Black ended his address by read
ing a poem reciting the virtues of the
deceased and lauding Anarchy. Capt.
Black was foUowed by Robert" Reitzel,
of Detroit, who made a fierce speech in
German, condemning the workingmen of
Chicago for having allowed five of their
best men to be murdered, declaring that
they died for justice, and denouncing a
society “based upon robbery and sus
tained by murder." Ills remarks were
welcomed with applause, tries of ‘ ‘bravo!’
and fierce veils.
OTHER SPEECHES.
T. J. Morgan, a local Socialist leader,
of English birth, then expressed his con
tempt for the law which hanged Anarch
ist (a voice “throttle the law,”) and
sneered at the “spread-caglism of the
American fourth of July, which obscured
the minds of the people.”
The last speech was in German, by
Albert Cumin, formerly of the “Arbeiter
Zcitung. He scarcely got started when
Captain Black stepped to the front and
laid his hand on the speaker's arm. It
was now pitch dark in the graveyard and
people were being wrought up to a high
pitch of excitement by oratory and sur
roundings.
Capt. Black gave the word that the
ceremonies would now be closed. The
coffins of the five Anarchists were car
ried into the blackness within the vault,
and the ceremonies ended with a general
stampede of the people for the return
trains.
The Stars of the Crime.
It was May 4, 1886. a day only equaled
in importance in the history of Chicago
by October 9, 1871—the date of the great
fire—that the memorable circular, “Re
venge! Workingmen, to arms I” was
struck from the type of the “Arbeiter
Zeitung” office, and was sent broadcast
among socialistic and anarchistic groupes
of the city. Carried away with the fury
of their followers the leaders believed
that the time of the “bloody revolution,”
so long predicted and prepared for was
'at hand, and the hour for action had
| come.
That night a meeting was called on
Haymarket Square ostensibly to denource
i “the latest act of the police,” in depress
ing the crowd of strikers about the Mc-
Cormick Reaper Works. A vague but
; very certain feeling or presentiment ran
through the city that the meeting meant
trouble, and that a struggle for suprem
acy between the Anarchists and the po
lice was to take place. The night at
first pleasant, darkened along toward
nine o'clock. An express wagon was
placed near the alley north of Randolph
street and near the Crane Manufacturing
Company's establishment, and was util
ized as the speakers' stand. Some two
thousand people stood in the street
about the wagon when August Spies
took his place upon it and began to talk.
His speech abounded in attacks on the
police for their acts at the McCormick
riot, and was foUowed by a speech by
A. R. Parsons, in which he advocated
organized efforts by the working people
against employers.
SanURL FIELDER, SBTISCI COMMUTED TO
LITR IMPRISONMENT.
The next speaker was Sam. Fielden,
the ablest and brainiest of all the Anarch-
I ist leaders. The darkening clouds
I gave evidence of an approaching storm,
I and a good portion of the auditors of
the earlier speeches hail gone before
Fielden began. A motion was made by
■ Spies to adjonrn to a hall, when Fielden
said he would not speak much longer.
At ten minutes before ten o'clock the
■ solid ranks of the police were seen ad
vancing from the Desplaines Street Sta
' tion. When the wagon was reached
Captain Ward stepped forward, and,
reading the riot act. commanded the
j crowd to disperse. Fielden replied :
| “We are peaceable,” and started to get
i down from the wagon. Just then a blue
■ light arose from the alley, and circling
| over the heads of the crowd descended
: Iwtweea the solid ranks of the I>olice.
An instant later a dynamite liomb had
exploded, and sixty of Gtf |*diec lay on
the ground writhing m agony. For a
-vvoud the police wavered, and then
Terms. $1.50 per Ainu Single Copy 5 cents. #
opened fire upon the crowd with their
revolvers. The crowd responded freely
to the fire. The police immediately
charged. Then began the work of car
ing for the injured, who were taken to
Desplaines Street Statiou. Where their
wounds were dressed prior to their re
moval to the County Hispital. Os tho
police, seven died from their wounds,
while of the crowd at. tho meeting, one .
was killed and some twenty wounded,
so far ns known.
The arrest of August Spies, Michael
Schwab, Samuel Fielden, who was shot
in the knee at the riot. Oscar Neebe,
Adolph Fischer, Louis Lingg and George
Engel for complicity in the murder of
the police followed immediately. A.
R. Parsons for a time escaped arrest, but
finally surrendered himself, The “Ar
beiter Zcitung, the organ of the Anarch
ist, was suppressed, and the Anarchist
haunts in tne city were raided. Then
followed the endictment of the eight
for the murder of Officer Matthias J,
Degan. Their trial on the indictment
was the most important and prolonged
in Cook County'B criminal jurisprudence.
All were found guilty, and all but Neebe
who received fifteen years’ imprisonment,
were sentenced to death- The case was
carried to the higher courts, until the
United States Supreme Court wSh reach
ed, but without avail.
Petitions innumerable for and against
the exercise of executive clemency were
sent to Governor Oglesby, and the peo
ple of Chicago were wrought up to a
high state of excitement. It was feared
that attempts at rescue would occur, and
extensive preparations were made by
police and military to preserve order.
Sketches of the Anarchists.
August Spies came to this country
when 16 years of age. He was about 32
He learned the trade of saddlcmaker in
Chicago, but gave up this occupation
when he was 20 years of age. and tramp
ed through the West and South for a
couple of years. When 24 he went back
to Chicago, and soon took part in poli
tics. At that time there were no Anar
chists in Chicago. Spies himself was a
Socialist, and being a gaod speaker he
soon rose to be a leader of the Socialists,
who were so strong that they cast 10,000
votes for their candidate for mayor. Dr.
Ernst Schmidt. Spies became afterward
manager of the Socialistic daily in Chi
cago, the Arbeiter Zcitung, which had
at that time a big circulation and great
influence with the workingmen.
A. R. Parsons was a native of Massa
chusettes and was about forty-five years
old. He edited a paper called the Alarm
last winter, in which he gave special di
rections in bomb-throwing and the man
ufacture of explosives, following the ex
ample of Spies and Most, the latter being
the writer of a pamphlet dealing with
the methods of making war upon society.
For some time he was a scout in Texas,
and was considered a “dead shot.” He
had always been eonsistant in his practi
ces. doing very little work, and conse
quently liecoming a financial burden up
on the Anarchist party in Chicago.
Samuel Fielden was born in Lanca
shire, England, in 1847. He worked in
a cotton mill from the time he was eight
years old till he reached his majority.
When he was eighteen years old he went
to Weslyn and joined the Methodist
Church, becoming a Sunday-St&ool su- *
perintendent and afterwards a local
preacher. He came to the United States
in 1866, and after stopping three years
in Cleveland, took up his residence in
Chicago, where he has since resided.
George Engel was a native of Germa
ny, having been born in Kassel, Hesse,
in 1839. Early in January, 1872, he
came to America, and afterwards to Chi
cago, where he had since lived, working
as a painter. That year he was a candi
date for the position of West Town col
lector, on the Socialistic ticket. In the
spring of 1880 he took charge of the bus
iness department of the Arbeiter Zeitung,
shortly afterwards assuming the position
of associate editor.
ski
sV.W -
MICHAEL SCHWAB, SENTENCE COMMUTED TO
LIFE IMPEtBOEMBET,
Micluel Schwab was born in Bavaria in
1833. He received a good education, and
in 1869 learned the bookbinder's
trade in Wunsenbcrg, where he became
a Socialist. He came to America and
also to Milwaukee in 1879. After spend
ing a year or two in Milawukee he re
turned to Chicago, and became editorial
writer on the Arbeiter Zeitung.
Lonis Lingg, the youngest of the con
demned Anarchists, was only 23 years
old. He was horn in Baden, Germany,
where he was given a common school ed
ucation. Leaving his native country, he
lived a few years in Switzerland,
and about three years ago came to Amer
ica, and soon afterwards to Chicago,
where he at once became identified with
the Anarchists.
Adolph Fischer was 29 years old, and
has lived in this county for the past fif
teen years.* lie we* s printer, and wss
employed in that capacity on the Arhei
ter Zeitung at the time of his arrest,
lie was married and flic father of two
young children.