2
THE AOVAriTAGE OF
MANUFACTURES III THE SOUTH
Mr. E. W. Thomas, One of the Leading Cotton Mill Men of
the Piedmont Section, Talks of the Spinning Indus-'
try in the South and Its Bright Future '
I wish to call your attention to a
few facts fdr consideration and
thoughtful investigation:
Mrst. As to the future possibility
tf the South becoming the leading cot
ton manufacturing centre of the world,
and reasons why such a position is at
tainable. Second. The comparative advantag
es of the South over any other section
of the world as a manufacturing cen
tre. Third. Our responsibilities and du
ties in this development.
Taking the first suggestion for con
sideration, and we find we have been
for the past few years rapidly increas
ing the number of spindles and looms j
in the South to a degree commanding '
the admiration of our friends and
creating consternation and fear among
our. competitors, and this has resulted :
in making us stronger in our courage
to still push forward and naturally
has brought within our borders larger
financial security.
Our anticipations in this respect are
shared, in a measure, by our Northern
neighbors, who are manufacturers.
England as well is becoming exceed
ingly alarmed at the rapidly increasing
number of spindles being put in opera- ;
tion in this country, basing her alarm ;
upon the fact that, in such increase j
here, more of our cotton crop must
needs be used by us, and presenting to
her, more vividily than ever before.
the fact that the raw material of the
world is most surely in the hands of
the South, and that we are gradually
and more firmly becoming a strong
competitor in the sale of manufactured
cotton to foreign countries.
To what extent this alarm has
grown may be illustrated by the fact
that meetings throughout England:
have recently been held by those who I
are deeply interested in manufactur-
ing problems, and at one of these
meetings, at Manchester, which was
attended .by a large and influential
gathering, the following was the bur
den of the remarks. The address of
the Lord Mayor at this meeting is
givn in part in the following brief ex
tracts: "He stated it to be of supreme im
portance that every possible effort
should be put forward, not alone by
this association, but also by the gov
ernment, with a view to the growing
of cotton in Africa. No readers of the
daily press could be ignorant of the
great efforts which were being made
by cur competitors in the United
States by continentaJountries and by
Japan, not only to eqi'.al our efficiency
in the cotton industryv but even and
particularly was this the case in regard
to the United States to wrest from us
the great industry upon which the very
existence of Lancashire depended. The
almost unlimited capacity for the pro
duction of every commodity in the
States cn a gigantic scale was shown
nowhere more forcibly than in the
growth of cotton. One State alone
that of Texas had an area more thrm
double the area of Great Britain. The
States were the most powerful compe
titors, and the States were likely to be
more powerful in the future. The fixed
aim of those engaged in the cotton in
dustry was ultimately to consume on
the spot all the cotton grown on the
plantations, n 189 the cotton crop
was 7.311,392 hales, of which the States
vsei 32 per cent., Great Britain using
33 per cent. Last year the crop was
10,680,630 bales. The States used 37
per cent, and Great Britain 23 p-or
cent., an increase of 5 per cent, in the
States and a decrease of 10 per cent,
in Great Britain. The tendency of con
sumption in the near neighborhood of
the cotton field was shown by the fact
that while in 1890 the North took 76.7
per cent, of that consumed in the
States and xjthe South took 23.3' per
cent., last year the North took only
51.41 per cent, and the South took 48.59
per cent. Without being unduly alarm
ed they might say that there was sure
ly sufficient evidence to warrant Ike
special visits of masters and trade un
ion leaders to the States to take stock
of the. position and prepare for the
struggle."
At this same meeting the Hon. Al
fred Emmott, M. P.," moved the follow
ing resolutions, which were carried:
"That, in view of the frequent disor
ganization and consequent loss to LLe
DO NOT DOSE THE STOMACH.
Cure Catarrh by Nature's Own Meth
odEvery Breath of Hycmei Brings
Relief.
Nearly every one who has catarrh
knows how foolish it is to try and
cure it by drugging the stomach. Tem
porary relief may be given, but a cure
seldom comes.
Until recently your physician would
have said the only way to cure ca
tarrh would be to have a change of
climate; but now with Ilj'omei you
can carry a health giving climate in
your vest pocket and by breathing it
a few minutes four times a day soon
cure yourself.
The complete outfit of Hyomei costs
but $1.00 and consists of an inhaler
that can be carried in the vest pocket
a medicine dropper and a bottle of
Hyomei. The inhaler lasts a lifetime
and if -one bottle does not cure, an ex
tra bottle, cf Hyomei can be obtained
for 59 cents. It is the most economical
of all remedies advertised for the cure
of catarrh, and is the only on--- that
follows nature in her method of "treat
ing diseases of the respiratory or
gans. It. H. Jordan & Co. has
fireds of Hvomei outfits and the more
they sell, the more convinced they are
tuac iney are penectiy safe in guar
anteeing to refund the money if Hv
omei does not cure.
If
II
cotton trade of the United Kingdom
owing to the uncertain supply of the
raw material, it is incumbent on all
those interested in the prosperity of
the industries of this country to use
every effort to increase the growth of
cotton."
Mr. Emmott said from a third to a
fourth consisted of cotton in one form
or another, representing a value of
70,000,000. The tendency in recent
years had been to a shortage of the
cotton on which Manchester depended
so much. He found that the American
crop in 18S1 yielded 6,589,00 bales of
cotton. Of this there came to England
2.844,000 bales, to the continent 1,752,
000, and America had - 1.915,000. In
1902 the figures were 10,701,000 bales,
of which 3,046.000 came to England,
3.563,000 to the continent, and to
America 4.359,000. Ihe area for grow
ing cotton in America was not expanu
as they would like to see it. It was not
expanding, at any rate, faster than the
American and continental people were
wanting cotton.
In' regard to Egypt, there could not
be a great development there. Great
Britain had to look elsewhere; she
must look to her colonies. East and
West Africa and the West Indies were
particularly suited to the growih of
cotton. One did not much care whence
the cotton supply came, but if the
growth had to be stimulated they
should look to their colonies. It must
be their earnest desire to keep trade,
not by traffic, but by fair means, with
in the bounds cf the Empire. Whilst
he was no alarmist, he must say that
it was his honest opinion tnat to some
extent the cotton trade, like other
trades, was in peril. Progress 'in the
trade had almost ceased. In 1882 they
had 38,100.000 spindles and 485 '
looms; in 1892 the figures were 43,054,
000 and 616.000; in 1902, 44,600,000 and
648.000. That was to say that during
the decade the increase of Lancashire
spindles had been only 1,500,000, and
if he had taken only the nine years up
to 1901 there would have been hardly
any increase.
The writer cf an article on "An Eng
lish View of American Progress"
quotes, as to labor efficiency, as fol
lows: "Then as to labor efficiency, the
Americans, with their rare genius .lor
organization, have raised the output
efficiency of labor in the United tSates
to an incomparably higher point than
is common in Europe; the division of
labor is carried out so as to secure the
greatest turnover, combined with the
highest quality of output. The Ameri
can has systemized; labor as he has his
machines of production."
As to the causes of the superior effl
ciency, he states:
"What is the explanation? It is
probably three-fold:
"1st. The remarkably exhilarating
effect of the dry American atmosphere
an effect that may be called electri
cal. "2nd. The stimulus cf free labor
competition.
"3rd. Freedom from trades union re
strictions and levelling-down influen
ces. The power of the union in the
United States is very small and has
been greatly reduced by the failure of
the recent steel trust strike."
Granting that these conclusions are
correct as arrived at by these represen
tative men of England, it does not in
any way, seem incredible that "in the
future, with the raw material at our
doors, this Southern country may not
be destined to be the great manufac
turing centre of the world.
Now there are many, however, who
do not take so roseate a view, and
some of the reasons advanced by them
are, that the . capacity and capability
of the Southern native help would not
meet the requirements necessary to
manipulate the medium and fine yarns
or cloths; that the supply of work peo
ple are inadequate and will continue to
be so; that the extreme climatic condi
tions of the South are detrimental to
fine spinning or weaving.
We are told that - we are ; farther
away from the New Yprk and Phila
delphia markets to receive the advant
ages in freight rates other sections of
the country may have.
In answer to the first point raised
that relative to the capability of our
Southern native help to manufacture a
finer and more diversified product that
our present output I will only say
that I have yet to learn of their filure
to keep pac-3 with the fine and varied
work already inaugurated and still be
ing increased in our midsL It is also
a matter of congratulation that- the
average number of yarn being spun in
the bouth is increasing in point of fine
ness continually. It is also a fact that
the majority of the mills recently built
and those projected are . being placed
upon a basis of fine numbers.
In my opinion, , and I speak from
personal observation, the adaptability
considering all the , surrounding cir
cumstances, of the Southern operative,
is fully equal to the Northern.
Now in regard to an insufficient sup
ply of native born help. This may be
true in localities, but it has been the
experience of all manufacturing cen
tres that the. building of the mills has
eventually drawn, in close proximity,
people. from the country and outlying
districts, and it is not worth ..while to
consider this question of spindfeage
here, as even when our native country
help is exhausted; then if it be trv-r
that cotton manufacturing may decline
in our sister countries, there will ' be
opportunities for skilled employes
from those countries to be obtained.
We should not cross this bridge until
we come to it. -
Regarding the climatic condition jf
being against the practical manufac
turing of finer yarns than are now
spun in the South. The extremes or
temperature are greater in the North
ern than in the Southern States, and
the changes are more erratic. If then
our temperature is more uniform,
I
why ; can wenot spin'as fine numbers
as in the North?
Again, the art of creating artificial
moisture effectually and economically
within our mills has reached, that de
gree of perfection that any required
amount of humidity may be obtained.
The last proposition, or objection
raised that we are farther away from
the market centres of New York and
Philadelphia may be met by asserting
that better facilities will naturally be
provided for transportation and un
doubtedly , lower competitive rates be
made as the bulk of cotton manufac
turing business increases in the South.
Again, the distance from those cen
tres will be less vital to us as later we
create our own plants for. knitting the
yarns spun by us and in erecting, our
own plants for converting our own
cloths.
We come now to the consideration of
the second proposition, which is upon
the comparative advantages the South
has over any other section of the
country as destined to be the largest
cotton manufacturing centre of the
world.
Histoiy of the industrial art has al
ready proven that all such industries
centralize and concentrate within the
borders of the localities where the raw
material exists. This has no better il
lustration than in the history of the
iron and steel industry. Not so many
years ago this whole Northern, East
ern and Southern country was dotted
over with the small and isolated forges
and furnaces. Today these have dis
appeared and concentration of ihe
business is localized where the ore beds
and the coal fields abound.
So, logically may we conceive, with
out any possible fear of contradiction,
that the great trend of cotton manufac
turing is toward the cotton fields. This
of itself is one indication that the fu
ture centre of cotton manufacturing is
bound to come within our--borders.
Facts show that with the large in
crease in number of spindles in the
South proportionately many times the
percentage of the increase in the
North; that we are also reaching, if
we have not quite " reached, a point
where we are using as many bales' of
cotton as are being used in the North.
This fact is also in our favor, for as
time goes on and the Northern mills
place their output on finer yarns knd
displace the medium and lower counts,
as. seems to be inevitable, they will re
quire less raw material, and to that ex
tent will our increase of spindles be
supplied in a measure by the reduction
in the amount of raw material con
sumed by those Northern mills.
I believe very strongly that cotton
manufacturing in New England is net
to be obliterated; that they are fully
able to care for themselves in the fu
ture and that they have already recog
nized the fact that they must make
changes, just as we at the South must
make changes, in systems, methods,
and in the increased diversification of
our, products.
We come now to the third and last
proposition to be considered.
That is, what ought to be done on
our part to make this section the great
manufacturing centre of the world.
There are many things that should
receive our attention.
Our prompt, persistent and ener 0
effru-t-o tpi atipi 11 n nvpniips for 1 ffl.
tro r o Yir! th r Vim nn-n triDfl U ' cn
which I know will be fully presuvOu
to you later in the session.
Establishment of centres in foreign
countries where samples of products
of this country may be exhibited.
Having our consulate service par
take more of a commercial nature.
There is also much for us to do,
however, in the sanitary, educational
and religious measures, which must be
given our work people, and it is a
pleasure for me to testify as to the
willingness as a whole of the Southern
employer generally to furnish all these
advantages.
And while undertaking ! the better
ment of our work people we must not
be blind to the fact, that we also as
managers, owners and superintendents,
must not cling to old traditional me
thods of management, that no great
industry like ours in these progressive
clays can be carried on in the same
manner and way as years ago. Evtry
day brings us in contact with, changes
in the wishes -and desires, of our cus
tomers, to which requirements we
must conform, also, that competition
brings us to the facts, that margins of
profit existing in the past have been
reduced to a point, where our best-ef
forts are required, in maintaining our
machinery plant in the very best con
dition, and the proper balancing of cur
mill, so that each and every machine
will run its full day's capacity and in
the economical purchase of raw ma
terial and supplies, etc.
Too many of our mills, are not today
obtaining the maximum amount of
yarn and cloth, through the machinery
not being properly balanced through
out the mill in point of. production, or
not running at a speed the most econo
mical for the cost of its output.
- It does not follow always the in
creased speed will give increased pro
duction, for beyond a certain point it
will always increase labor cost and re
pairs. Hence the whole plant must al
ways be carefully considered, each de
partment by itself, regulating its speed
according to the condition of the ma
chinery in that department and if the
other departments of the mill after be-
in er fitted tin as they ousrht to do not
provide for or use the output of the
first, add to or reduce the number of
machines until you have a well bal
anced mill.
IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY OF
GOODS.'.
Since my residence in this section of
the country I have been very much im
pressed with the quotations of selling
prices of yarns and cloths as shown in
the trade papers, wherein all Southern
farms and cloths are generally quoted
at lower prices than those cf Northern
Wakeful Children
For a long time the two year old
child of Mr. P. L. McPherson, 59 N.
Tenth St., . Harrisburg, Pa., would
sleep but two or three hours in the
early part of the night, which made
tt. tti. hr fnf Vipr -parents. Her
mother concluded that the child had
stomach trouble, and gave her half of
one of Chamberlain's Stomach and
Liver Tablets, which quieted Jier
TXS"& ot '
Tablets have effected a Permanent
cure and she is now well and strong.)
For sale by It. H. Jordan & Co.
cTiq sipnt tne wiiu
production. The prevailing opinion in
many cases would seem to imply tlit
the Southern goods were not equal in
quality to the Northern. I would nice
this to be satisfactorily explained and
a.s we have so many friends here from
Now York and Philadelphia I trust this
information may be given us by them.
My own experience with the Southern
goods both in the manufacturing and
finishing of same, shows them to b3
fully equal to the same grades as the
Northern maka
If it be true, however, that our aver
age standard in quality is inferior we
have a task before us that should be
attended to at once. We can not affoid
but to put the best on the market,
whether fine, medium, or coarse goods
or yarns. Why should we not put bel
ter than our competitors? W3 certain
ly have a larger amount of new and
improved machinery in operation in
cur mills than there are in the North
ern mills.
UNINTELLIGENT COMPETITION.
Upon this point I wish to take a few
moments of your time.
One of the existing handicaps we
have among ourselves and one which
exists in other quarters, is that of un
intelligent competition. Ignorant com
petition has been in many cases the
cause of many mills not making
money. Many manufacturers who are
weaving more than one class and
weight of goods have never konwn the
exact cost of each of the kinds they
produce. Well established mills, many
(f them thoroughly organized, well
fi equipped, and well managed, are sin
gularly deficient in thisfine, and more
particularly is it pronounced wh?re
there are a large variety of yarns or
cloth made. As has been stated, by a
competent writer, "Competition is in
dustrial war. Ignorant, unrestricted
competition, carried to its topical con
clusion means death to soma of the
combatants and injury for all."
Even the victor does not soon re
cover from the wounds received in 'the
conflict."
"A successful mill is not produced by
chance but by intelligence persistently
applied, and such a mill may make to
dividends fully as much by orders it
does not fill as by orders it may ac
cept." THE WASTE PROBLEM.
Much of the waste from our mills we
do not work, a greater share finds its
way to foreign countries to be rework
ed into merchantable products, some of
which find their way back to this
country. Is there any reason why we,
as manufacturers, should not work up
our own waste or at least establish
plants for making a specialty of these
classes of waste that are now exported,
and thus increase the amount cf monoy
Continued on Third Page.)
TO CURE A COLD IN ONE DAY I
Take Laxative Brorno-Quinine Tablets. This
signature
25c.
on every tox
THE CUP THAI CHEEhb
but does not inebriate" may be Tea for
Mr. Smith, Coffee for Mr. Brown and
Chocolate or Cocoa for Mr. Jones, but
to, be any value each should be
"straight goods." We are ready to
serve all with the best brands of table
beverages to .be had in this "market,
especially Coffees. We buy our Cof
fees green, roast them every week, and
know what we sell you. Something no
other grocerymaa in .town, can say.
B R. r3 FFETF'S
TIM
(TEETHING POWDERS
Costs 0dy2& at DraggistsTor"! 25c till jiOFFElT.ttii:
ures Eruptions and Sores. Colic, Hives and Thrush. Removes and Prevents
Worms T?IJJT3E3r:XTXr-A. COUNTERACTS AND OVERCOMES
THB EFFECTS OF THE SUMMER'S HEAT UPON TEETHING CHILDREN.
WE ARE MAKING
Reduced Prices
This Week
ON OUR
Come in and see our
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For.G6e. Boys
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P e r P
a. i r
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and STOCKINGS
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42 SOUTH TR YON STREET O
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Brownie
Nice quality 58 inch Lawn
splid colors, 5c gopds; oxlv
0e lot, reeJ sheer, worth
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India Linen,
- V
We hfceve at splendid line
Yal Laces and they are pret
ty patterns; very latest, prices
to
Full Line latest
all
15e p
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No wonder we sell so much Ribbon;
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Dry floods Co
OOOOOOQOOO?OOOO0OOOOOG9
imi Brapery
I mm Depar,mfi
THE newest and best things to be found. We
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We a ho have the oooular Rooe and Tapanese 0
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O prices, v
O Snow, Flake Curtain, the
o
1.75 to
o
Window Shades at 30c each to the very wide q
kind at $3.50 each." We carry the Shade cloth in $
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Special prices on new lot of Fine Mattings. Q
4 y
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Successors to Andrews
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doooodbodoooibboobpopoooooo
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USE
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MANUFACTURED BY
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Box 180
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cents
15c value, only
Things in Ribbons,
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We show some ex-
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Window
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Curtains 0
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! Pianos. Organs,
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Va.
3
to cents
LACES
yard
0