Newspapers / The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, … / May 15, 1903, edition 1 / Page 3
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CHARLOTTE NEWS, MAY 15. 1903 3 ...nrnT Til !0 tXrtn I ilmu GIP1II COTTOH ir H. J. Webber, of Agri, oultural Department, Says Can be Grown Successfully in the South - tt T Webber, of the Agricul tural Department at Washington, be- introduced to me cuuveimuu sam. America gruwa ftnn of the world and exports annu from 6 to 8.000,000 bales. Never ?lPW we annually import about $10, tu. .......ti, nf KavDtian cotton for . mirnnePB manutacturius .. frmn the various n atic conditions which exist in differ T Tia rt of the cotton belt, that we IIP 3 I) It LU OUV-l-VDOiu.ij D 1 w ' ing int It "would soil and cli- ,M- cotton somewhere in this country. ?LmiS trials have been made to ero v this cotton here, and the Depart Spnt of Agriculture has for a number vc-irs been more or less interested ?. ihl nroblem. The first importations nf see l which have come to the writer s knowledge, were made in the 70's, and nthrr extensive importations were IV about 1S93 and 1894. No very systematic effort however, was made to Allm- 1111 the results of these impor- .. " a Mr W. H. Wentworth, of ri.cviiip Texas, several years ago oIvpi! the idea that this cotton ,.ni,i ho successfully grown in Ameri Tinl made quue extensive c.vycu- more compact and prolific. Th lint , had also been increased in length, and ! abundance on the seed. The seed used ! in starting this experiment was im- I ported from the province of Fayoum, in Egypt, where this variety is almost exclusively grown. The selection of this variety for improvement may possibly have been a mistake, as the variety Mit Ann is recognized in Egypt as the best variety grown because it yields the heaviest and produces the best fiber. It is not as early as Ashmouni, however, and the imported Ashmount in the vi cinity of Columbia, where the experi ments were conducted, gave a much better yield and appeared much more promising than the Mit Afifi. In the selections the earliness of the . plants has been Kept constantly in mind, so that this factor has been somewhat improved, the plants maturing their bolls rather earlier than . when first imported. With the increase in length of. staple, which has been abdut one fourth of an inch on the average, we should have expected the yield to de crease. On the contrary, as a result of tne selection, this has at the same time been considerably increased, and the plant grown at Hartsville last sea son gave a yield of 1,303 pounds of seed cotton per acre, and 479 pounds of lint per acre. The fiber produced was that of typical Ashmouni in every respect. and, as stated above, was longer and of better quality than the imported samples. (Samples of the imported fiber and of the American fiber were exhibited.) A field of Mit Afifi Egyptian cotton was also grown at Hartsville on soil of the same character, about a quarter of a mile from Ashmouni. This cotton was grown from seed directly imported, this being the first year in America. While the variety in Egypt almost invariably gives a larger yield than the Ashmouni, here in this in stance, only 960 pounds of seed cotton was .obtained under exactly the same conditions. The variety is very much later than the Ashmouni and will have ,0,', with imported seed of Mit Afifi cotton sent him by the Department of to be increased considerably in earli wrirtiHure. lie cultivated the cotton 'rZ rmmiipr nf vears. and was con vinced that it was perfectly possible to ncnrtuce a good graae oi Egyptian cut- in,, in that portion of Texas where his m-Tinrinipnt were conducted. His at tempts to market the cotton, however, net with ill success. Several bales were vent to the Boston market, and if we are correctly informed, remained un sold. With the organization of the Sec tion of Seed and Plant Introduction, of the Department of Agriculture, further importations of seed were made, and records have been kept in every case of the localities to which the seed were sent. Little information, however, lias been obtained cencerning the re sults with this seed. Mr. L. H. Dewey, of the Department of Agriculture, had considerable qualities of this seed sent out under his direction and in one in stance a manufacturing test was made bv the Ponemah Mills, Taftsville, Conn., of Jannovitch Egyptian grown by Mr. Robert Viewig, at Godwins- ville. Georgia. The cotton was pro nounced to be particularly free from short stock and waste and of good body. The writer's experiments in the cul tivation of Egyptian cotton and its im provement began in the summer of 1889, when small patches were grown of the varieties Mit Afifi, Ashmouni, Jannovitch Abbasi, and Gordon Pasha. The observations on these small"plates, and on other plats in various parts of the South, convinced the writer that the different varieties would have to be carefully selected and adapted to local conditions before thorough success in their culture could be expected. Ex periments were then started in the se lection of the Ashmouni, as well as an attempt to improve and adapt it to conditions by means of hybridization. When this variety was first imported and grown in this country the plants invariably reached an unusual height ?nd were spreading and open, and pro duced few bolls, so that the yield was too light to be profitable. While in al most all cases the lint possessed the normal crinkly character of true Egyp tian, there would seem to be a ten dency to lose the brown coloration, al wough this character is not particu larly marked in the native Egyptian cotton. The selections of Ashmouni which were more in 1899 were grown and the cotton again selected at Co lumbia, S. C, in the seasons of 1900 and 1901, and in 1902 the best select Piants were transferred to Hartsville, S- C, where a small field was planted, the soil being of sandy loam, such as is common in various parts of the South. a result of this selection the plants have bean reduced in size, so that the rast season they averaged only about '.'z to 4 feet in heiarht. and werp much ness before it will be satisfactory for cultivation in the latitude of South Carolina, where the experiments were conducted. Another illustration of the import ance of carefully breeding the Egyp tian varieties to meet our conditions is shown by the results of two years of selection with a special variety of Egyptian cotton which has recently been bred by Christian Stamm, in Egypt. When this variety was first grown by us in South Carolina, like all other Egyptian varieties, it grew very tall and open, and produced a very light crop. The few seed of the variety imported had the lint attached as when taken from the boll, and the average length was only about one and three- eights inches. The first generation of plants grown in this country was very tall, some of the plants reaching a height of 8 feet and were very unpro ductive. Seed was selected from sev eral of the best plants, which at the best were poor, and preserved for planting another season. The progeny grown the second year from these first year's selections were uniformly ear lier, much more productive, and had a longer and better fiber. These were planted the second year and further careful selections of seed made from the best .individuals of the progeny. The lint on some of the second year plants was remarkably abundant and uniform, and in a number of instan ces was as long as one and three fourths Inches. As a result of two years of cultivation in this country and careful selection meanwhile the char acters of the staple have been entirely changed and improved. This selection has not been carried on long enough to result in the growing of large patches and the average yield has not been tested. It would, however, seem to promise a much better yield than the immediately imported product. Besides the tests of Egyptian cotton, made in South Carolina in 1901, fields were grown in Florida, Georgia and Mississippi. In all of these cases the yield was comparatively light, indicat ing the necessity Of improvement, yet the result as a whole were fairly en couraging. In connection with the patch of Mit Afifi cotton grown at San Antonio, Texas, a special feature was brought out which may prove of exceptional in terest. Egyptian cotton as a whole is noted for its freedom from diseases of various kinds ,and in the course of these experiments the effect of the boll weevil on the various varieties was watched with considerable care. A patch of two acres of Jannovitch Egyp tian, grown at Pierce, Texas, the sea son of 1901. as stated above was very badly injured by the . boll weevil. AN small field of Ashmouni cotton in 1902 was also damaged by the insect, show ing that this variety also is as sus ceptible to its attack as any other sort. The field of Mit Afifi of three acres, grow at San Antonio, Texas, on the irrigated farm of F. F. Collin, gave evidence of resistance to the boll weevil, though further trials are neces sary before the matter can be satisfac torily settled. This cotton was grown on a field where the cotton crop had been entirely destroyed the preceding year. Near this plat, about 200 feet distant, was situated a small patch of upland cotton, a little over half an acre in extent, a patch of sugar cane intervening. The weevil did not appear on the Mit Afifi until the middle of Oc tober and did not become abundant uutil late in November. The upland cotton nearby was attacked early in the season and the crop was almost en tirely destroyed, only a comparatively small proportion of the early bolls maturing. Throughout the season the insects were abundant on the upland patch, so abundant on the Egyptian. The Egyptian variety gave a yield of 3.200 nounds of seed cotton, or about -t tP( A rt ral-tilA -f Vi r. i nTV bl'llor troub 1 y CaSe301 JuaMyor land- variety gave a yield of only 68 pounds of seed cotton, or at about tne rate of 150 pounds per acre. It has been found by investigators and others that in general early varieties of cotton are less affected bv the boll weevil than Test Your Kidneys Thousands Have Kidney Trouble and Do Not Know It If Any of Your Family Have Had Kidney or Blad der Trouble Test Your Urine and See if You Have It. . Let your mornin? urine stand 24 honrs. you find a reddish, brick-dust sediment in it, or if particles are floating in it, or if it is cloudy, your kidneys are in a diseased condition and unable to perform their work, result will be the bladder and urinary D'gans Will bep.nmp inflamol ni-io nrirl will Prison the blood, the stomach will become anected and unable to digest the food, you t,.ha,Te Pains in the small of the back, wpid liver, pains in the back of the head una neck, rheumatic pains and swellings all in(! 'ody, eczema and jaundice; the system will become weak, and a breakdown oi the general health will take place, with "'yn s disease or diabetes, which will ""-eial it not treated promptly and with Thousands nf noi:ui tn frit 1 1 'I ""uvin.iivu AVbVVl U ti V. A s neu daily from grateful men and women uo i have been cured by Warner's Safe Cure, fetors prescribe and Wnitala "K;if taU ?.C,ure" Is purel7 vegetable and con- 14- iu Ffm ii .m val ", V P'pasant to take. It is a most iua !ioaud eiiective tonic; a stimulant to Tl-:t!on! a"d awakens the tornid liver.- It "pairs t hp an.i "oout:!' boomes innanimation or-nr,., cumulates uie enieeuieu 'el.lU;(l hf.fi s -if tliosnmo T(- itorcs ; any (. me to Warner's Safe Cure U jester, 2f. Y., for free medical book. bislR'3 ?Ai?E PII--S move the ' 'b "mly and aid a speedy cure. c-ncr-v v ' g,ves J strength and res 'ul ou,can buy "Safe Cure" at ---' tii in- s ir mi ii r t i Ta TTfn Ship... VLr ,f;0-c;lllei kidney remedies 'oty are harmful. late varieties. When the insects hrst appear in the season they are few. in number and gradually increase as the season advances. Very early varieties may set a larse share of their crop be fore the weevils become so aboundant as to destroy all the forms and young bolls as developed. The upland cotton planted near the Egyptian was much earlier than the latter and would nor mally be expected to produce a much larger crop in boll weevil districts owing to this fact. .The striking free dom of the Mit:Afifi plat from .the weevil would seem to indicate that the plants of this variety may be in some degree . distasteful to the ' insect, al though this cannot be definitely deter mined without further experiments. Varieties of the Egyptian cotton haAre also been found to be resistant to root-rot of cotton, a disease that is very serious in the Sea Island district causing considerable damage also in causing considerably damage also in upland fields in those States. As indicated above, it is very impor tant that all the varieties of Egyptian cotton he experimented with and im proved by selection, but another line of research, which promises to give re sults of the greatest importance ,is the hybridization of Egyptian varieties with Sea Island and upland races. One hy brid of, this kind which "has already been produced, has given results which. indicate that it is of decided value. In 1899 hybrids were made ; of a good strain of Sea Island cotton with Ash mouni Egyptian and selections of the best of these have been grown and se lected each .year since. Last year about an acre and a half of the select progeny of this hybrid was planted at Colum- Dia, b. (J., and the resulting field m some respects was surprising. Within three years the hybrid had been re duced to such fixity that expert grow ers examining the field pronounced it to be practically a pure type. The se lection had been made continuouslyfor piants oi pure lugpytian type ot fiber with the longest lint. The fiber aver aged in general about one and five eighths inches in length, while a large portion of the plants ran as high as one and three-fourths inches. The fiber was uniformly of a light brown color like typical Egyptian, and was espe cially strong. Another feature of im portance in connection with the hy brid is its faculty of retaining the lint in the bolls. One objectionable feature of all Egyptian cotton varieties that have come under the writer's observa tion, is the tendency of the cotton to fall out of the bolls shortly after they open. This requires that Egyptian va rities be picked rather frequently. In the case of this Sea Island-Ashmount hybrid the field was left unpicked for about a month and a half and had be come almost white with open bolls, yet hardly a lock fallen, . although the weather conditions had been very se vere. Should this hybrid hold up here after as in the past it will certainly be considered superior to any of the Egyp tian varieties that have been tried , by us thus far. We are planting a large field of this hybrid the present season and expect to distribute seed to grow ers shortly should it prove to be of fixed type. Another line of cotton improvement which is being investigated by the De partment is the production of new and different varieties from those now ex isting. We are not satisfied to simply improve the strains that already exist, but desire to produce new ones. It seems to us that upland varieties pro ducing a longer and better quality of staple would be very valuable and de- I sirable and one of the primary obpects of our cotton breeding work is to pro duce upland sorts having long staple. We hope to accomplish this by securing numerous hybrids of the best sorts of upland and Sea Island and then select ing from them the best individual plants. If the staple is to be increased in length to any great extent, it must be borne on a smooth black seed, like the Sea Island type, so that the fiber can be ginned on a roller gin. Mr. W. A. Clark ,6f Columbia, S. C, who is co operating with the Deportment of Ag riculture in work of this kind, early realized the difficulties in the problem and took up the finrst necessary step the production of a smooth-seeded strain of the upland cotton. This he se cured after five or six generations of selections, in a race which he called the Klondike. This sort we have used many times in hybridization with, the Sea Island, etc. One feature of the greatest promise in connection with these hybrids is their exceptional yield. If this quality can be retained, they certainly bid fair to greatly increase the production as wel las improve the quality of the lint. It is of course well known to the members of this organization that there already exist several long staple upland varieties of fairly good quality, such as Allen Improved, Griffin, Sun flower, etc. Unfortunately all of these types which have thus far been pro duced have very weak fiber and turfted seeds, requiring the use of a saw gin. We have every reason to believe that we may overcome these difficulties. It may be said that the use of a roller gin for this type of cotton does not seem so important as at first supposed: at least the experience in marketing cot ton of this grade does not so indicate Allen Improved and Griffin, which are grown quite extensively in parts of Louisiana and Mississippi, are uniform ly ginned on saw gins and yet the fiber sold the past season on the New Or leans market at from fourteen to sev enteen cents per pound, which is slightly in advance of the price paid for imported Egyptian. The Egyptian fiber is nearly or quite as long and much stronger, and should, it seems to us, sell at a higher price. There would seem to be no doubt that the Egyptian cotton can be ginned as sat isf actorily on a saw gin with as little injury as these weaker-fibered uplands We are led to believe, from observa tions of this kindr that saw gins if properly run and manipulated, can be used for ginning these cottons without very serious; damage.. If the .saws are sharpened square across and somewhat dulled by using before . ginning . the long staple and if the gin is run slowly and evenly, the injury will be reduced to a minimum and apparently be very slight. If saw gins can be satisf actorily used in ginning; the long ; staple up-: land andEgyptian varieties if would remove one of the, most serious obsta cles to , the extension of long staple in ausrry . m ;,upiana . cotton, . regions, as the roller, gins. Are' found.' only, in Sea Island districts at present, and small quantities, of cotton -produced in other i egions .cannot find any , easily , accessi ble gin. .. In conclusion, it may be said that while the experiments thus far have Dot been altogether satisfactory, yet in general the indications are that w may expect to ne a Die to grow a per fectly satisfactory product of Egyptian cotton, and can also expect that the growing of long staple upland cottons will become much more extensive and general in the near future. Continues to'iiiK READ THIS LETTER: , ALMOST A MIRACLE. - "v " ,. ! i' " Dillon, S. C, Aug. 18th, 1002. Gentlemen ! In September, 1899, I took rheumatism in a very bad form. In a month after the disease started I had to give up my work and go to bed.- It continued to gTOw worse until my arms and hands were badly drawn, so much so that I could not use them. My legs were drawn back until my feet touched my hips. I was as helpless as a baby for nearly twelve months. The muacles of my arms and legs were hard and shriveled up. I suffered death many times over. Was treated by six different physicians in McColl, Dillon and Marion, but none ot them could do me anygood, until Dr. J. P. Ewing, ot Dillon, came to see me. He told me to try your," Rheumacidb." He got me one bottle of the medicine and I began to take It and before the first bottle was used up I began to get better. I used five and a half bottles and was completely cured. That was two years ago, and my health has been excellent ever since. Have had no symptoms of rheumatism. I regard " Rhetjmacidk " as by far the best remedy for rheumatism on the market. I cannot say too much for it. I have recommended it to others since and it has cured them. Will say further, that I began to walk in about six days after I began to take " Rhbumacide," with the aid of crutches ; in about three months after I began to take it, I could walk as good as anybody, and went back to work again. - " Very truly, JAMES WILKES. All Druggists, or sent express prepaid on receipt of $i.oo. Bobbitt Chemical Co. t - - Baltimore, fid. ON ADVANTAGE OF DIVERSI seem to be a fruitful ground with us to establish nrint works, dve houses FYING MANUFACTURES and bleecneries- In fact, the field is so u'uau j. uauiiui,, m me unci apaue ii ( Continued From Seventh Page.) lowed me, fully cover it. I am fully conscious of my inability to present this subiect to vou in the j vivid light and thoroughness it might have been, and I fully trust this effort may but induce you in some degree to luiiy investigate, and then use your best -endeavors to materialize the anti cipation our opportunity, our land, our people and our raw material give us At the close of this paper you will find when you receive the copy of the printed transactions, an appendix, "in which is inserted several tables con taining information referring princi pally to facts that sustain the state ments made in this article. And now, with this great harvest field within our . possession, is strange that the native born of this section can but look with pride upon the land of his birth and anticipate that the time is rapidly approaching when its acres will be dotted over with buildings containing revolving' spindles and the beating of many looms and of sufficient numbers of the same to practically supply the world's requirements, when all the nations of for this section over what we now re ceive ior tms waster, Therefore, we ought, in justice to ourselves, study into the waste prob lem more than ever, in the use of which we are but novices as compared with the people who purchase these wastes, who pay transportation for thousands of miles, and by their ex perience rework them into fabrics and materials, resulting in a profit, there by obtaining of ten-times more than we obtain out of the manufactured goods we make out of the cotton from which this waste is obtained. The tendency to concentrate and build mills rwith a larger number of spindles than formerly is a move in the right direction. Taking all the mills of the South,, and the average number of spindles is about 12,000, as against 9,000 a few years since. Competition will show that- these units are too small to profitably con tinue, each with its board of officials and salaried managers. It is safe to say that the day of the 3,000 to 5,000 , the earth may be our customers, and spmaie mui is passing away, me it- , our products used and worn Dy ail pco- And Long Staples FOR HIGH GRADE SPINNERS. 40s to 60s 19 1-2 Ef. 4th St.,: Charlotte, C. t w; M I;G.EL:iW 1 Tempered and Side Ground Card Clothing T O P S R. E C L O THE D ' UCKER.INS REWOUND 12 W. 4th' Street, - Charlotte, N. G. Regular Sizes of Clothing Always in Stock Charlotte Phone 336 BellPlYoie59 t J pie of the world. May the efforts of the late Henry W. Grady, who so strongly and persistently foretold years ago of the coming of a "Greatci Soum," not fail to be fully realized. cord or tne past tnree years snows a j large number of plants erected m tue South of from 25,000 spindles up to that grand specimen of push and en terprise the Olympia Mills which has 104,000 spindles in one mill .and ail in one room. The competition of the Southern mills has brought about certain consol idations and mergers, some of which have been consummated and others are being developed. Such consolidations are bound to work out a great deal of good in the future development of the South. - DIVERSITY OF PRODUCTION. Coming now to the consideration of the title of this paper, it must be evi dent to you all that the present output ot the South is too congested and fol lows along in too limited lines to pre vent an over-abundance of competi tion, not only among yourselves, but as against our Northern friends. There are many fabrics now being made and vast quantities consumed m the North ,of which we have but little part in the manufacture. We make im mense quantities of yarns which are sent outside our bounds to be worked up into commercial articles, in the manufacture of which large amounts of money are paid out for labor and profits, making for the convertor a greater profit per pound, by far, than the profit obtained by us for our cloths or yarns. . We make print cloths to he sent. ' Miss Leila Caldwell has returned to North to be finished, and there would ; the Presbyterian College. Too Great a Risk. In almost every neighborhood some one has died from an'' attack of colic or cholera morbus, often before medi cine could be procured or a physician summoned. A reliable remedy for these diseases should be kept at hand. The risk is too great for anyone to take. Chamberlain's Colic, Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy has undoubtedly saved the lives of more people and re lieved more pain and suffering than any other medicine in use. It can al ways be depended upon. For sale by R. II. Jordan & Co. ' Bears the Kn( Yoa Havfl Always Bought Signature : of Bears tne Signature OASTOXlXiL. Bears the i Kint You HavB A,ways Signature STOXIX.. The Kind You Have Always Bouglit 3 dYi Is an ordeal which all woimen approach with indescribable fear, for nothing compares with the pain and horror of child-birth. The thought of the suffering and danger in store for her, robs the expectant mother of all pleasant anticipations of the coming event, and casts over her a shadow of gloom which cannot be shaken off. Thousands of women have found that the U6e of Mother's Friend during pregnancy robs confinement of all pain and danger, and insures safety to life of mother and child. This scientific liniment is a god-send to all women at the time of their most critical trial. , Not only does Mother's Friend carry women safely through the perils of child-birth, but its use gently prepares the system for the coming event, prevents "morning sickness, and other dis comforts of this period. Sold by all druggists at $1.00 per bottle. Book containing valuable information free ' xjfO JJHsT"i Tne Bratifield Regulator Co., Atlanta, Ga. H ART FOR D Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company J. M. ALLEN, Pres.; WM. B. FRANKLIN, Vice-Pres.; F. B. ALLEN, Second Vice-Pres.; J. B. PIERCE, Sec'y.; L. B. BRAINERD, Treas.; L. F. MIDDLEBROOK, Asst. Sec'y. s ' HARTFORDeONNECTICUT. THOROUGH INSPECTIONS And Insurance Against Loss or. Damage to property and Loss of Life and Injury to Persons Caused by STEAM BOILER EXPLOSIONS. CHARLOTTE OFFICE, TRUST BUILDING. Resident Agent, C. K.-DUNCAN, Inspector and Special Agent. Money in Raising Chickens l There is a growing demand for fine chickens at good prices; you can secure quite a nice revenue from chickens and eggs if you vill properly arrange that back lot for their care. You can get an entire roll of GOOD POULTRY WIRE from us for a few dollars and it will stand for years. You will ' y .' j save the costtof the wire in one season in, the little time and ease with, which you are. able to handle your poultry This wire is also excellent for making trellises, training flowers "and vines. - Poultry Dealers We advertise your business come here to buy your : wire. . . Allen Hardwaire Compa.ny O A ROBE! MS C O MP LETE E Q UIPME NTS FOR. COTT ON MILLS:; ; ; ; UPPERS, CARDS, DRAWING, ROVING, SPINNING, SPOOLING, WEAVING and FINISHING MACHINERY. C M A R. L O T T E , N ". ZC. 9 ? I A 9 ? 4 I J Croliri. Sizirvg Co., CHAR.LQTTE. N. C. Sizing Compounds for White and Colored Goods SPECIAL-WE MAKE A PREPARATION FOR DRAPER WARP STOP ' MOTION. 20 Looms to the Weaver BY USING OUR. C O M P O V N D . FINISHING PASTE For Gottoh Goods Gives a Silk Finish 2 I 'fp $ s b u rn, COTTON MILL MACHINERY and EQUIPMENT Everything needed for the Complete Equipment of Cot&m Mills,to manufacture Yarn or Woven Fabrics . of any kind. : : : : : : .: : Correspondence Solicited CHARLOTTE, N. C li Largest Stock in the South We will appreciate an opportunity to quote you on rom 1-8 to 12 In. (PI a i n, Galvanized, Extra Heavy and Brass.) Pipe Cit to Length a Fittings Valves, General Steam and Water Supplies GENERAL FIRE EXTINGUISHER GOMPANY Charlotte Plnt Charlotte. N. C. .1', We do all ksndof Np&Worfc
The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, N.C.)
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May 15, 1903, edition 1
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