North Carolina Minos. I
Prof. Hanna Charlot'e Democrat : j
Th» Ore Knob mine, in Ashe county. i
th(i iargeat copper mint in the Atlantic \
States. It is tl s beat paying uiine I ;
know of. Last year the ocuipany owniag I
it declared four or five—l tbiuk five— I
dividends of 525 000 each.
The Cooper Knob mine i» in the same
eounty. It yields a gold and eopp-r ore
which dentand a smelting treatment pri
marily The ore is the richest of iu
kind I know anywhere, but I think the
quantity i* somewhat limited. 1 believe
that smelting works are to be erected
anon, a» that the mine iwiy be satisfanto
rily operated
In Huike county is tho famous Brind
letowu locality, atill active with an abun
dunt supply "f "gr*vel." I have
several flumes, or channels through
which watt:r in brought. »itha great tail!
throughout tbo "gravel" a otion ol Ruth
eiford, Burke and MeD well Shy feet
high Of eourwe they are q'li'e e*pi-n
sive Tunnels, too, sometimes beo uic
nece-saiy in bringing the water The
Vein Mountaiu unn»*, in McDowell, will
soon have a l»'ge ditch constructed and
will probably be at work early iu ihs
season. Several other propetties in this
sectioo are reported to have been secured
or Dargained for, with reference to work
of thia nature
Throughout this section and extending
iuto Polk, are a number ol small iudivi
dual operator*, whose aggregate produc
tion is surprisingly large I myself can
point out $15,000 a yesr which is pro
duoed in this way, and I think it would
be entirely sale to »ay that at least $20,-
0 10 ia produced in these four counties
in tbia manner. It is a very ordinary
sight to find where some smalt stream
eio-tsat • publio road in this section three
or foar workers, very olt*o women,
washing and digging away at an ore
bank or bed of "gravel."'
I wish I oould state improvements
Irom the various patent processes, but I
••n't. troin these even less Advantage
has accrued than I anticipated In most
of the pro.ies««s directed tc the treatment
if •u'.pbureta the great mistake made i*
in the supposition that to desulphurxi-
I* the only thing to be accomplished.
Oxidation ia substituted, but mercury is
just as insufficient with an oxidised ore
a* with the original sulphuret. Chlori- j
nation ban beeo practiced »ith much j
suooeas in the West, but there seems to |
be something in our North Carolina ore*
which defi a this. The Mears process,
whinh ia in operation at the Ml Pleasant
(Cabarrus county) and th« Davis works
at Salisbury, ia that of ohlorination under
pressure (forcing the chlorine into thr I
ur« so as to reach the g Id) and may re
•alt faTorably, aa it ia different from the
•rdinary chlorination.
Put Clovar on Your Land.
Aa O" tio paper says that by elovaring, j
hoadredi of farms that w«rn about worth
leas have been rescued f om dilapidation
and rain It la an aecepted tpiisui that
a* long as "clover will ea'.ch," the farm
ran aoon be restored to paying fertility,
and by • g"od rotation is even getting
Bl nr« productive and profitable; for alter
some years ol «uch treatment the land
will bear harder farming—that is, two
er three crop* way succeed a good ooat
«f clover before i»ying down to ciovet :
again. Rough new land should be sob
dued by the uae ol largo clover N-th- i
tag *o effectually rots out stomps, and :
kills weeds and aprouts, and preparaa the I
Und for th« plow and good paying erops. j
Wild, new land* should alwaya have it :
sown on the first grain crop down. It i
saves a vast amount af labor, for in s
few years it so tames the ground, and
•leara it of the enemies to the pbw that
H works like old grouud and is good for
fall eropa One great error is otten fal
len into, and that is, following the old
traditioa that a bushel of olovsrseed will
4j for eight «cre«. That may b«v* been
eaoagh to clovar land partially when it
was new, but whoever aims at getting
ap bis land in a speedy and profitable
way, should sow a bushel on four acras,
so that bis land tusy be thoroughly
lhaded
Cost or Fences —lt is estimated that
lh« ooat of fence* in this country is great
*r than that of all the railroads, or more
than all the houses, of all sorts in coun
try and eity. Solon Robinson bays that
it co*t $l5O 000 000 to tenoe the larms
of the State of New York. This esti
mate would foot up about $10,50000 000
lor the whole country. It is not saf« to
put the cost ol repsirs at less than S2OO,
000,000 a year, wo should dispense
with roadside and boundary lenoes.
which would «a*e the farmer* about
$100,000,000 a year Horace Greeley
waa opposed to lenoing stock out, and
advocated fencing them iu. It ousts, he |
•aid, "four times as much to f;noe stock ;
oat as it woald 'enee it in "
A tig *»g or worm fence oo upies 5 :
•err* for every hundred it ene o-es, im- :
I>o*'ng • tsx of 5 per cent upon tbe soil
I protects
Qtve a Purpose in Life.
Carlylc once asked an Edinbmgh
student, who tells the story in the ;
Milwaukee Sentinel, what he wus
studying for. Tb« youth replied that •
he had not qoitc made up h:« mind. |
Thar* waa a sudden lightning flash ol I
tba old Scotch man's eye, a sudden pulling j
down of lb* shaggy eye brows, and the
wora face grew sterner as ho said : |
•«Th« aian without a purpose is like a i
•hip without a rudder j a waif, a nothing, :
•ao wan Hate a purpose iu life, if it
to oaly 10 kill and divide and sell ox«n
wall, bat ba»e a purpose; and having
it, throw saoh strength of mind and
to'iaete into fntr woak as God ba» Hiren
JOB."
A SI SIW^^ER.
IRON BITTERS are highly recommended for all disease* re
qiiiring a certain and efficient tonic; especially Indication, I yeptpaia, hit-jr
mtSent Ferert, Hani of Appetite. Lots if Strength, Isick oj Encrg:/, etc. Enriches
the blood, strengthens the muscles, and gives new li.'e to the nerves. They act
like a charm on the digestive organs, removing all dyspeptic symptoms, Btich
na Tasti.ni the Food, Belching, llcat t'n the iSturpach, Heartburn, etc. Tho only
Iron Preparation that will not blacken the teetli or give
headache. Sold by all druggists. Writo for tho AI! J Cook, 32 pp. of
useful and amusing reading— cent free.
BROWN CHEMICAL CO., Baltimore, Md.
j
GEORGE W. 11 INS HAW. W. M HINSIIAW.
FALL AND WINTER GOODS, 1880.
HINSHAW BROTHERS,'
(BIG STAR SIGX, SHALLOW FORD STREET,)
WINSTON. IV. C.,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DKALERS IN
Dry Goods, Groceries,
General Merchandite, Gran Seeds, Ferli/ism and Country Produce.
ONE OF OUR FIRM HAS JUST REIUnVEI* FROM NEW YORK. BOSTON, AND
other Northern cities, and wo now offer tbe inula a much larger stock tbaa w* over
Detore bad, coniisting in part of
Jo Casea of Prints I Soo Oases f'hn s snd Boots
5 rases of Press Goods ft" i'a.kanes Crockery and Glassware
5 Oases of Bleached Domestic lio Kegs Cut N iI a
2-Oases of Flannel 2o Kens Hotse and Mule £hoes
2 Cases of l.insey 25 Bo*fS Horse Shoe Nails
6 Bales of B! .nk'cts and Quills 15 dt* Sho»els, Spades anJ Forks
3 hales of Ticking 2o dozen Axes
2 Bales ol Drilling S,coo dozen Coats' Spool Cotton
lo Bales of Plaids Cross-Out, Hand and Wood Saws
2o Pales of Sheeting 2 000 lbs Sole Leather
15 Cases of Jesus, Cassimerer and Clolh 500 H>a Upper Leather
Jo doz Men's W bile Shiits and Diawtre ; Files, Locks, Hinges, Bntts, Screws
15 doz Men's and Ladies' Mtrino Shiits Han.e«, Traces and Collars,
and Drawers 2.000 lis I'uis, Skillets, U*ens ana Lids
; 300 Shawls and Ladies' Cloaks ! 20.000 lbs Meat and Lard
Immense Stock ol Notious of all kinds 1, 000 liags Suit
So Pieces Oil Cloth s °o bushels Clorcr, Orchard and other
5o Bags Coffee Grass Seeds
'25 Barrels Sugar *o dozen Buckets and Tubs
* 25 Cheese 3o dozeu Brooms
25'Buckets'Candy 3° Coils Rope
3o'Boxes Soap Joo Oak Kegs
5o Barrels Svrups 5 barrels Coal Oil
to Grosses Snuff 2 barrels Linaeed Oil
Tinware of ererT description 2,000 lbs Lewis White Lead
j. Big Stock ot Puims and Medicines 250 Trunks, Vi»li.es and Saddles
25 Cases Ilats bj Griudsionea Mud Mztures
School Books. Blank Books and Stationery,
1 000 Pairs Winchester (Virginia) SHOES and BOOTS. All warranted. None better
Complete assortment of FRIES' JKANS, GEORGI A JEANS and Holslou Woolen Mills ALL
WOOL CASSIMEUES. All sold at FACTORY PRICES. Our stock of ALPACAS and
DRESS GOODS and TRIMMINGS ia very larga. We have rtcently added a
Clothing Department
TO ova STOCK, AKD SOW OFFKR AN KSTIRK NEW LINE Of
OVEBCOATS AND 200 SUITS FOR MEN AND BOYB,
; at bottom prices. We will sell our clothing as low as we can afford and hare only one price
i for it. Onr goods are bought right and will b«»
&old fit «- Small
W« dtfj competition in both stock snd prices. Country merchants will find onr
WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT UNEQUALLED -®a
Our tmde has increased more rnpidly than that of any other honse in Winston and we intend
to keep it growing. We are tbauklul tor past patronage aud ask eterjbody to coiue and ice
as.
ALLISON & ADDISON'S
COMPLETE MANURES *r« tb* BEST Tor WHEAT, CORN sod TOBACCO
N. H. MEDEARIS, of Forsyth, ■)
THOS II PEIiRAM, Jr., of Wiostoa, | Are with us as Salesmen, snd
J W. MARTIN, of Da*w, I iosita their Irieods and
W. H. BYNUM, of Stokes, f quaintauees to call and see
J. M MARTIN, of Stokes. them.
W. T .POINDEXTER, of Ysdkin. J
RcHpectfulW,
October 28th, 1880. HINSIIA IF BR O TBCRS
STILL ALIVE AND KICKING.
JOHN F. GRIFFITH, FRANK L MOORE, ISAAC H NELSON,
Ol Davie County. Of Stokes County. . Of Stokes County
A BIG SHOW COMIX; !
Although we h**e been driven out of the J.iyner block by fire, we beg to let the
publio know that our business is f?oin« on ss if nolhii>K had happened We sre
now located oo the Ogborn Corner, where we havu ou view a Large, Now *sd
| Well Seleoted
j STOCK OF DRY UOODS,
Groceries Notions, Hats. Boots snd Shoes. Tinw.ro, Q lecnsware, Willow.Wsre,
i dole Leather. Baoor., Salt, fto.. &e. In f.c- everything kept in a First Class Store
! We aie oow op*o aud earnestly solicit our many Itiends and loruier euatouiers to
BE SURE
| and not buy goods before giving us s look io, as we are sslieGed we sre fully pre
] pared to give entire satisfactioo.
All Goods Guaranteed as Represented.
We are just starting and iuteud to build up an honest trade by fsir desliog.
Griffith, Moore & Co.
WWton, January, Bth
WE ARK NOW- RECEIVING
Winter Goods;
HIT* now in (lock
The best lot of
RKADY-MADE
CLOTHING,
HATS and CAPS,
BOOTS and SHOES,
SHIRTS and UNDERWEARS.
GROCERIES,
SUGAR,
COFFEE,
J CHKESE,
RICE,
GINGER,
PEI'I'ER,
SI'ICE,
&e., Ac., &e., Slo
DRY -GOODS,
MEN'S WEAR,
CASHMERES,
DELAINE 3,
ALI'ACAS,
I'UINTS,
WHITE GOODS,
io great variety.
BACON ana LARD,
a!w«y» OB hand
In LEATUEIi
We have about on* thousand piece*,
consisting of
RED and HOM E- TA NXED SOLE
HARNESS and
UPI'IR LEATHER,
KIP, HORSE, HOG and
GOAT SKINS,
with a good a*st>rlaießt of
HARDWARE,
QUEENSWARE,
WOODENWARE,
WILLOW WARE.
DOMESTIC GOODS,
DRUGS,
MEDICINES,
and CASTINGS.
WE WANT
One thousand buaheU CORN,
Five hundred bushel*, each, PEAS ted
BEANS,
One thousand bushel*, each, WHEAT
lIYE and OATS;
Also, 10,000 lb* GREEN and DRI
HIDES, aud
100,000 lbs. LEAF TOBACCO.
PEPPER & SONS.
Deobuiy, WoTtmbtr 4, 1880.
0
KENDALL'S SPAVIN I'URE.
'FHE MOST SUCCESSFUL BE-
A ruedy ever discovered as it is certain
in iis effects and does not blister. RKAO
PROOF HKLOW :
FROM COL L T. FOSTER.
Yoi'>r.HT«WN, OHIO, May lmh, 1880.-
Dr. H. J Kendall J- Co , Genlt: —l bin) a
Ten valuable Hainlt'etoniuii cult which I
prist-d Ten higblt, he had a large none spavin
on one joint and a sma'ler one on the other
which made him very lame; I had him tinder
itie charge of two Veterinary Surgeons which
tailed to cue him. I was one day rending ihe
advertisement of KKJ»I>AI.L'» SPAVIN CUBS iu
the Chicago f'r/ireis, I Cetei mined at once to
try it inil got our Orupgists here to scud for
it. they ordered ihree hollies ; I took them
all nod thought I would give it a thorough
trial. 1 iiecd ilaccoidinginir to directions >iud
by the touith day 11e coll ceased to he liime,
and the lumps bad entirely disappeared. I
used hut one hottle and the colt's limhs areas
tree from luuips and as smooth its any Itirse
in the State He is entirely cured, ( lie cure
was so rewaikahie that t let ;wo ol my neigh
bore have the remaining two hollies, who are
now using it. Verv Respectfully,
L. T. FOSTER.
KENDALL'S SPAVIN CURE
ASHLAND, KCULYLKILL OOCNTT, 1
». 2 MA, June 3rd, L»Bu. /
I>T D, J. Kendall ,f" ( 0. , O'ttiU —A case ol
.*>pavia thai enme under my observation was
entirely cured by one liotlle ol jour Kendall's
.-pHvin Cuie, and ihe liorge sold ntterwaras
for two buudrta dollars. Vours tiuly,
CHARLES H. BAUNARD.
'•The" Druggist.
BHIEMIL MADE
UNDER OATH.
To Whom Ji May Concern: —lu the year
ISti 1 lira ten with Kendall's spavin Cute, a
noiit-spaviu ol reveral months' giculh, marly
halt Ht lulu e> ahi n't egg, and completely
slopped ihe lameness and removed the en
largement 1 buve woked the hoisw ever
since vert hard, uud he never has been lame,
nor could I ever see any tiiflctt uce iu the size
ol the hock joints tii.ee I Healed him with
Kendall's Spavtu Cure. li. A. (JA INKS.
huotburyh ftuli, Vermont, February 25, 1879.
s»out and subsumed lobe.'oteme I In* 2.1t1i
day o! February, A U. IBia.
Joll.N b, Jh.S.Sh, Justice ol the Peace
KENDALL'S oI'AVIN CURE
OJM HUMAN i'LESH.
BAKKI.SMEU>, VKIIUONT, 1
Litcentner i 3, laiy. /
B ./. Kendall ,J- Cu . (Sent*— I w isli lo add
my lesliinou., in lovor ol your invaluable ilui
uicut, "Kendall's Cure." In the
•pnug ol IBt>2 I slipptd on ihe ice and sprain
d my right liiub at the knee joint. 1 was
very lame, uud, nl limes sutteied the mosl
esuuclaliug pniu. I wore a bandage on il
ior over a year, aud tiitd mosl every tiling iu
luy reach, bui could find nothing ib..t wuuld
ive me perinuiient leiief. V\ neu I ovei
noiktd, it would pniu me very muih. In
April, lbiß, i began lu think 1 sl.outd be a
cripple lor lite; but. having some ol "Ken
dall a Sj uviu lute," thought 1 would try it
1 used oue-third ot u bt.itie, nuti experienced
lelicl st once The pain tell aie aud has not
iioubUd uie since 1 teel very gittlelul to
you, aud would recommend "Keudall's .~pn
tiu Cure" to all who sutler with sprain* or
i beuuiaiisui. Youis truly,
AiKS J. BoUUKLL.
Kendall't S/urvin Cure is suie ic its effects,
mild ill lis ML. ion as it does not blister, yet it
is penetrating aud powerlui to reach every
deep-sealed paiu or to lemove any bony
grow ill or oil.! r enlargement, such as spavins,
splints, eurha. eallnUA, sj ranis, swellings, any
Inmeness and nil ol the joiuls or
iimbs, or rheu ma Usui in man and lor any
purpose lor wlii' h a liuimeut is uaed lor luan
or breast. t is L w KIA.w N 10 tie the best
liniment lor limit tvet unl, acting mild aud
yet certuiu lit its tDeris.
Send address lor lliu»tiated Circular which
we think gives po.-ifve proof of lla virtues.
No remedy it..- eve. :ui full sucb uuqualilied
success lo oui kuoaieage, ior beasl aa well as
man.
Price ?l f»r bntlV, or six botth»lorss
ALL UkCscim b. ii it t.t can get il lor you,
or it will In -mi io addre.-s on receijit of
price hy the pi.ip:ielui>. UK B J KIiN
uAI.I. h Co. Bims' urgli Falls, Vermont
All l-j > "I /-'. ajj.sit.
October JI si, lnio
LIVtiK V «i. U.LE STABLE,
CRTTTr'HF ELD * STEDJIAN,
Successors to Heck k Moore,
wixsTorr, H. c.
ALL KINDS OF CONVEYANCES
furnished at reasonable rales.
We offer the very best accommodation to
Drovers. Special attention paid to transient
custom. Horses boug bt, sold and exebaaged.
August 19, :88o.—1;
IN ITSI7TH VOLUME.
THE RALE L« H NEWS,
P. M. Hill, kditor.
L L POLK, Corresponding Editor
EDWABDS, BROCGUTOS k Co., Business Managers.
A No. 1. DEMOCBATIC JOURNAL
DAILY AND WEEKLY.
T E R NS :
Daily, 1
" ti months, 3So I " 6 mos , 1.00
11 3 '* 1.15 I
Address, THE RALEI'JH NEWS,
Raleigh, N. 0.
"Il >ou waut a
GOOD PIANO OR ORGAN,
writ* or call on W. P OHMSBT, Winston,
wbo can *U|plj any uiake or style made
in the United State* at prices which will
defy competition.
If you want lb*
BST SEWING MACHINE
«»*r put before the public, cali on W.
P. OHMSBT lor the igbt-Ruiuiug
DOBCKUC' in the Muaio Store, Wluston
Old piano*, urgao*, and niaohtne* ex
changed." 1 W. P. OIMIT.
J y L i?l Ali'S
PADS
CURE H THE OKU
simply TRUE
Absorption.' pM J Antidote.
Tsadh MARK.
Ilolnun'i Azno. Liter and Slom«rh
Pad —For M \L.\IU A. AULK,
LIVDiI and SCOMACaI TROU
BLES. Price $2.00. '
flolman'a Pad-AdtpJM to old
chronic caseß. Price $.>.00.
Ilolmau'a Halt—For BiuMwrn
case* of Enlarged Spleen mil
iinyelding Liver and »Stoinaol»
tro 11 bit s. Price $5.00.
lnf;ui(H iud children. Price $1.50.
(lolman'a Iftennl Pad—For Kidney and
Bl'i'Llfr Couipln'nla. Price S?.W.
Clolmau'a lUerlue Pad—For Fi-maU
troubl -a. Price $5.00.
XSolm«n f a Abnorpdvo Medicinal Body
Piaster—The 1 eat planter made—
porous on rablxtr basin. Prlee 85o„
Klolmao f a A bnorptlvo Itledlclnal Foot
PlaMera—
plsh circulation. Price x>er x>alr 250»
Absorption Suit—Medicated Foot
For Coldn, Obstructions ant
all cases wh«»re a foot bath la
needed. Per half lb. package. 25c.
For sale by all druggists—or sent by mail*
postpaid, on receipt 0/ price. Th«» Abaorptlon
Bat is not •• mailable and moat bo sent by
Lxprvas at purchaser'a expense.
Tim hii ti'm of llolmaii'N Pada has In
spired 1 nltators who offer Pads similar In
IDRM and ooon to tho THUS noLM\:FH. aaying.
••They are the same. ho,'* Hcwmre of all
Boat's Pads, only gotten up to aull on the repu
tatlcn of tho genuine.
Bee that each Pad bea-s the green WitrAT*
rr.vß!*iT« STAMP of the lloluian Fad Company
1 with above Trade-Mark.
If a tlfctcd with chronic allmenta aend a eon»
else description of aympttnna. which will ra
ce I re prompt and careful attention.
1)R HOLMAITS advico Is free. Full treatla#
sent free on application. Address*
HO' TKAN PAD CO.,
CP. O. Bo* 2,112) W Wi!l;am Street, JS'ew York.
©n AIR DTE Is the safest
and be*t; acta ln*tau
the most natural shad*
of black orbrowtr.doe*
Sr°i«"rsis^
preparation ; favorite
upon every well ap
pointed toilet for lady
or gentleman. 80M by
all drntfßists and sp
oiled l»7 tui iiuir dres**»r««. J. Cftf>TAJK)KO,
£3 William am-et, 4 New YorH.
LANDBETHS'
17Qi SEEDS*" BEST IQQI
l/o4s^ri^ilool
Jo* oe sad Pr.o v Th« Old ft and noil atoiuiw B**%t
fro vtrt in th« t'ntted s,'a'w,
L'AVIU JLANDUKTIi & SONS. PHnj.iij_.PW
RonSHT W. KlWt ltH. KIM. A[t D. TATLO ..
II W I'OWEKS k CO.,
IV J/ 0 A E3AIE Dlt UG GJS TS,
Dealers in
PAINTS, OII.S, DVK3, VARNISHES,.
French and American
WINDOW ULASS, PUTTY, «rC„
CIGARS, SMOKING AND CHEWING
TOBACCO A SPECIALTY
1306 Main St., Richmond, Va.
August 2t>— Bin
UNPARALLELED
OFFER!
FIRST CLASS
Scwiug Machines
llllji full line of Atlac.'im'Uts to d»
all kinds of Work,
GlViiiN AWAY, Freo of Charge.
H-ivine made urri.iigetiientti with a
»ell known eoui| »nj lor it large n-ithbtr
111 their Maehitii-a, wc offer AS A PKE—
MIUM It) eve y ptiruhasx r >t TWEN
TY-FIVE DOLLARS* WORTH OK
HOOKS, ti> hu Hrlccltd Irmu our citin
lenun, cmiKiKcini! ol HANDt'OMEIT
HOUND Nud ELEGANTLY ILLU
STRATED HOOKS, b> STANDARD
AU I HOUS,
\ First Class Fanily
St wiag Itaciiloe.
on RICHLY OHNAMKMEI) IRO-»
STAND, with SOLID WALNUT TOl*
AND DRAWER. c*r»'lully pucked iiid
delivered to any Depot in lhi« oitj,
FREE OF CHARGE.
This U • bona fide offer, made for the
purpotie of introducing our publication*
throughout the United State*.
Send for a Catalogue aud Desori; tifft
Circular, to
PHILADELPHIA I'cnMstiiNO Co.,
725 Saiittnui Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Liberal Terms offered to Agent*
dec23ui«
JAMES D CIIAMHERLALN,
—WITH
C. W. Thorn & Co.,
WHOLESALE AND ItETAIL DBALEKS,
Bichmond, Va.,
Special attention given to orders, and satis
faction guaranteed.
June 19tb, 1879. «as
Taos. L. PomoaxTiß. QID K. P»INI>UTIB
Of Pituij Ivania. 01 Danrills.
PUBLIC
Warehouse!
For tbs Sal* ot
Leaf Tobacco,
DANVILI.K, VA.
John O Wltcher, 1 John A. Hfrndon,
Of Pitlsyi*ania, i Of Pittsjrlrania.
M. Oaks, I W. M. Pulley,
Ol Beidsrllle, N 0., J Of Bethel Hill, N. 0.,
Auctioneers Clerks.
0. P. Corington, of Cunwell, N. C..
8. W. Biowu, of Glad. Uill, Kranklla, Va. r
Darid Terrj, Pittaylvania Co., Va.
No*. 13. Floor Managers.
This paper will be forwarded to anj ad
ress lor on. year on receipt ol 1 Deilar aod
Mt) OeaM in adraae*.