(Ilje illount ^irj Jfcto^.
fOL. XXXIX „ , MOVJfl AIRY, JfORTR CAROLINA, THURSDAY. APRIL 5, 1917. MO. 38
PRESIDENT SAYS THAT
AMERICA MUST BRING
GERMANY TO TERMS
Asks Congress to Use Resources
of the Nation to Bring War to
A Successful End
J
Washington, ApriL 2.^-Preaident Wilson tonight urged
Congress, assembled in joint sesion, to declare a state of war
existing between the United States and Germany.
In a dispassionate, but unmeasured denunciation of the
course of the imperial German government, which he charac
terized as a challenge to all mankind and a warfare against all
nations, the President declared that neutrality no longer was
feasible or desirable where the peace of the world was involv
ed ; that armed neutrality has become ineffectual enough at
best an<j was likely to produce what it was meant to prevent,
and urged that Congress accept the gauge of battle with all
the resources of tne nation.
"F advise that the Congress declare the recent course of
the imperial German government to be in fact nothing less
than war against the government and people of the United
States," said the President, "that it formally accept the status
of belligerent, which has thus been thrust upon it and that it
take steps not only to put the country in a more thorough state
of defense but also to exert all its power and employ all its re
sources to bring the government of the German empire to terms
and end the war."
When the President had finished speaking resolutions to
declare state of war existing were introduced in both houses of
Congress, referred to committees and will be debated tomor
row. There is no d-vibt of their passage.
The objects of the United States in entering the war, the
President said, were to vindicate the principles of peace and
justice against "selfish and autocratic power." Without sel
fish ends, for conquest or dominion, seeking no indemnities, or
material compensations for the sacrifices it shall make, the
United States must enter the war, the President said, to m»»ke
the world safe for dc:nocracy, as only < ne of the champions
of the rights of mankind, and would be satisfied when those
rights were as secure m the faith and freedom of nations
could make them.
The Presidents address was sent in
full to Germany by a German official
news agency for publication in that
country. The text also went to Eng
land and a summary of its contents
jwas gent around the world to other
nations.
To carry on an effective warfare
against the German government which
he charaterized as a "natural foe to
liberty", the President recommended:
Utmost practical co-operation in
counsel and action with the govern
ments already at war with Germany.
Extension of liberal financ .il credits
to those governments so that tve re
sources of America may be added so
far as possible to theirs. .
Organization and mobilization of all
the material resources of the country.
Full equipment of the navy, practic
ally for means of dealing with the
submarine menace.
An army of at least BOO 000 men,
based on the principle of universal lia
bility to service, and the authoriza
tion of additional increments of 500,000
eacb as they are needed or can be
handled in training.
Kaising necessary money for the
* United States government, so far as
possible without borrowing and on the
basis of equitable taxation.
All preparations the President urged
should be made in such a way as not
to check the flow of war supplies to
the nations already in the field against
Germany.
Measures to accomplish all these
jends the President told Congress,
would be presented with the best
thought of the executive departments
which will be charged with the conduct
of the war and he besought consider
ation for them in that light.
President Wilson's appearance be
fore Congress was marVed by a scene
of the greatest enthusiam ever shown
-tince he began the practice of deliver
ing his addresses in person. Crowds
on the outside of the capitol cheered
him frantically as he entered and as he
left. Congress roared chee: after
cheer in an outburst of patriotic en
thusiasm.
From the galleries, the only mem
l«rs who appeared not to be joining
in the demonstration were some sen
ators of the group which the Presi
^ dent branded as "wilful men", who
by preventing a vote on the armed
neutrality bill, had made the "great
government of the United States con
temptible." Chief Justice White was
rmong those who checred loudly und
there was no division of spirit between
Republicans and Dmncrat*.
Rofering only briefly to Ihr long
diplomatic MifM)>ondenc<r with C?er
many in his effort to bring her back
to the bounds of the laws of humanity
and nations the Resident launched
into his denunciation of the course of
the German government which +ie de
clared had forced the United States to
become a belligerent.
"The wrongs against which we now
arm ourselves," he said, "are no com
mon wrongs; they cut to the veryroot
of human life." „ «•
DisclairtlWg any quarrel with the
German people and anything but a
feeling of friendship and sympathy for
them, the President declared their gov
rnment had not acted upon their im
pulses in entering the war, nor with
their previous knowledge or approval.
"It was a war," he said, "determined
upon as wars used to be determined
upon in the old unhappy days when
peoples were nowhere consulted by
their rulers and wars were provoked
and waged in the interest of dynasties
or of little groups of r.mbitious men
who were accustomed to use their fel
low men as pawns and tools."
In scathing terms the President re
ferred to German plota against the
United States.
une 01 uie uiings t"«t nas served
to convince us that the Prussian auto
cracy was not and never could be our
friend is that from the very outset
of the present war it has filled our
unsuspecting communities and even
onr offices of government with spies
and set criminal intrigues everywhere
afoot against our national unity of
council, our peace within and without,
our industries and our commeroe."
It was evident, the President added
that the spies were here before the
war began. That the German gov
ernment means to stir up enemies at
the very doors of the United States
was eloquently proved, he said, by the
revelation of the plot to embroil Japan
and Mexico in war with the United
States.
"We are accepting this challenge of
hostile purposes," said the President,
"because we know that in such a gov
ernment, following such methods we
can never have a friend; and that in
the presence of its organized power
always lying in wait to accomplish we
know not what purpose, there can be
no assured security for the democratic
governments of the world."
The "whole force of the nation" if
I necessary, the President declared,
would lie spent against "this; natural
foe to liberty," and to "check lta pre
' tensions and its power."
I Toward Germany's allies, the Presi
dent paid, the United States wat tak
ing no action at this time.
While the Free Went waa a peaking,
word of the torpedoing with out warn
ing of the American ateamer Aztex,
the first of the American armed ship
to he attacked in the barred lone, waa
parsed from mouth to mouth, but the
President did not konw of it until he
had finished.
i While Congress works tomorrow on
the war resolutions, the cabinet will
hold a war session to which Major
General Scott, chief of staff of the
army, and Admiral Benson, chief of
operationH of the navy, may be invited.
Meanwhile, many days of hurried pre
parations for the eventuality which
now confronts the nation, have borne
their fruit and remafn only to be car
ried further.
The nati in is on a war footing, de
claring uai upon no othre; only gird
ing itself to take up the gauntlet that
had been so ruthlessly thrown down.
Resolution Declaring War
Exist* Presented.
Washington, April 2.—Immediately
after the president left the cspitol, the
senate and house reconvened and an
identic joint resolution was introduced
in both houses declaring the existence
of a state of war, and directing the
President to employ all the resources
of the country to carry on war against
the imperial German governmei.t and
bring the conflict to asuccessful con
clusion.
The resolution was referred to the
foreign affairs committee by both
houses and adjournment until tomor
row followed soon afterward. Both
committees meet tomorrow morning.
The resolution ic as follows:
"Joint resolution declaring that a
stale of war exists between the im
perial German government and the
government and people of the United
States and making a provision to pros
ecute the same;
"Whereas, the recent acts of the im
perial government are acts of war
against the government and people of
the United States;
"Beaoived, by the senate and him
of representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled,
that the state of war between the
United States and the imperial Ger
man government, mhich has thus been
thrust upon the United States is here
by formally declared; and,
"That the President be, and he is
hereby authorized and directed to take
immediate steps not only to (,'Ut the
country into a thorough state of de
fence, but also to exert all of its power
and employ all of its resources to carry
on war against the imperial German
government and to bring the conflict
to a succeasufl termination."
Half Million Women and
Men to Watch for SpieaC
Washin>?ton. March 30.—Virtually
the er' ire force of the federal govern
mt it's civilian employes, approximate
ly 500.000 men and women engaged in
every branch of service has been sum
moned to aid the bureau of investiga
tion and the secret service in the de
tection of spios and the apprehension
of persons engaged in plots, intrigues
and other activities against the inter
ests of the United States.
In addition, the government has
sought the active co-operation of the
police and detective forces of every
town and city of consequence through
out the country. Hundreds of letters
requesting such co-operation have
been mailed broadcast by the depart
ment of justice and replies pleading
unstinted aid are coming back in great
numbers by telegraph and mail.
The largest single force which the
government has enrolled in ita nation
wide spy hunt, with the possible ex
ception of the municipal police and de
tective forces, is the army of post
masters, all of whom have been in
structed to permit no clue as to the
identity of suspected individuals and
their activities to go unreported.
Under the postmasters are working
the letter carriers in the cities and the
rural free delivery carriers in the
country, a force, all told of about 300,
OoO men
Instructions to the federal employ
es call for the prompt reporting to
designated authorities of all informa
tion, no mnttor how minor it appears,
which might seem to furnish clues in
ferreting out agents of foreign gov
ernment.
Hardly Possible.
The following resolution wax pann
ed by an Irioh corporation: "That a
new jail should be built; that thin be
done out of the material* of the old
one. and that the old jail t>e used
until the new one U completed."
DEMOCRATS ELECT MR.
CLARK SPEAKER.
CMb Har Vote tar Republi
can Candidate.
Washington, April 2.—Thu war con
gress wan orgamzod today by the De
mocratic party, and the way was clear
ed tonight for immediate legislative
action to support President Wilson in
hostilities with Germany. The Demo
cratic organization of the house wis
accomplished by a narrow margin,
with the aid of four representatives
elected as independents. The senate,
with a safe Democratic majority, had
already been organized in the special
session of the upper house held Ma -ch
5th.
The election of Speaker Champ
Clark and other house officers, 'he ad
option of Democratic house rule* and
the election of the house committees
kept the house busy from noon until
well into the evening, when arrange
ments were completed for a joint ses
sion of both houses to hear President
Wilson's war address. The session
was marked by sombre, business like
earnestness, as th>? representatives of
the people confronted a legislative de
cision that may throw the United
States into the 'maelstrom of war
which for three yea. f has convulsed
Europe. Democrats and Republicans
joined in the patriotic declarations,
even as they fought for partisan orga
nization of the house.
Three Republicans Bolt.
The defeat of Republican Leader J.
K. Mann, for speaker, was accomplish
ed Sy the defertion of three Republi
cans from his'standard, and the de
cision of the independents to give the
house control to the administration.
The vote was: Clark 217; Mann 205;
Representative Lenroot, of Wisconsin
2; Representative Gillette, of Massa
chusetts, 2.
Tw» Sick nil liiil tm.
Two sick men were brought into the
chamber while the roll call for the
speakership was in progress. They
were Gordon Lee, of Georgia, who vot
ed with his party, and Meeker, of Mis
souri, Republican, who voted for Mann.
The two invalids remained in the
chamber only long enough to cast
their votes, and they were roundly
cheered by their colleagues.
The Democratic effort to immediate
ly adopt the rules of the last house as
the governing laws of the new body
met with vigorous Republican oppo
sition and precipitated a bitter parlia
mentary wrangle which for a time
threatened seriously to delay the pro
ceedings, and cause a further postpone
ment of the President's war speech.
Democratic leaders however, were
emphatic in their declarations that
they would not suspend business until
the organization had been completed
and the President's speech delivered.
Throughout the long day of._parlia
mentary struggle and patriotic oratory
the galleries of the house were jam
med with eager spectators, who evinc
ed a vigorous spirit of patriotism.
Outside the capitol'police and secret
service men scrutinized carefully every
one of tlie big crowd which sought ad
mittance to the building, and mingled
with the throng of pacifists propagan
dists who sought to start demonstrat
ions in the capitol plaza.
French War Debt Will Be
Enormous.
Paris, March 28.—A vivid idea of
the crushing burden of war taxation in
Europe is supplied by M. E. Rioult, a
French statistician, who finds that
every single French person will after
the war have to pay monthly $5.55
taxation for forty years. Thus for a
family of six persons $33.30 will have
to be paid out per month to liquidate
France's war indebtedness.
M. E. Rioult calculates that France's
total war debt will prove to be $24,
000,000,000.
The total population of France is
38,000,000 and if this sum had to be
divided among the population each
person would receive $631.68.
Frances' annual financial obliga
tions hereafter will be as follows:
Interewt on war loans at five per
cent—$1,200,000,000.
Amortisation in forty years—$600,
000,000.
Pmmion*—$300,000,000.
Indemnities for • reconstruction of
property destroyed—$300,000,000.
Total—$2,400,000,000.
Those figures relates only to was
burdens and ure in addition to the
us>tMl peace taxation.
RUSHING WAR PREPARA
TIONS.
"SaUctiva Conscription' to
Rum Army 800,000 Man.
Washington, April S.—Wmr plans—
military, economic and financial—for
aggressive hostilities against Germa
l ny, war* rushad forward today by tha
' administration branch of tha govern -
■ mant and only await action by Con
It rasa on a war resolution to be put
into execution.
Enactment of the resolution not
i later than Thursday wan confidently
i forecast at the rapitol after a delay of
34 hours had been caused in the senate
i by Senator LaFollette's objection to its
immediate consideration. Debate will
begin in both houses tomorrow, with
action before adjournment probable.
Sentiment in favor of the resolution is
almost unanimous and the only ques
tion is how much time shall be devoted
to ! peecfimnking.
"Selective Conscription."
President Wilson and his cabinet
went over the war plans at a two-hour
session and previously the national de
I fense council, with its civilian advisory
I commission and several subsidiary or
I ionizations developed policies and de
tails of momentous consequence to
| the nati Meanv.hile the war and
[ navy departments were going ahead
. with the most immediate preparations
for defense.
Already the navy has taken steps to
insure co-operation between the Am
erican fleet and those of the entente
allies to become effective upon the for
mal entry of the United States into
the war.
The most important plans under pre
paration by the administration in
chcH:
Enlistment by selective conscription
young men for a national army, in ad
dition to the regular establishment and
national guard, in increment* of 500,
000 until enough have been trained to
make certain the defeat of Germany.
Raise Money by Taxation.
Organisation of the nation's com
mercial interests for economical and
effective distribution of commodities
among the civilian population.
Rapid provision of adequate means
of combatting the submarine menace.
The raising of a very large sum of
money, as much as possible to be ob
tained by taxation, and the definite
amount of the first budget not to be
fixeil until the exact needs of the army
and nr>vy ar.d of the entente allies are
ascertained.
i Purchase of supplies and equipment
of al) kinds for th? ar«*y under a prov
ision of law which allows the .secre
tary of war to fix a "reasonable price"
and division of the young men of the
rountry into classes, those needed most
in industries than in the army or navy
to receive insigiiij. showing they are
performing duty equivalent to fight
ing.
Require Authorization of Congresa.
Most of these plans will require the
authorization of Congress, but from
opinions expressed at the capitol it is
believed that onee the war resolution
is adopted, furth- - legislation to em
power the executive branch to go full
speed ahead will follow quickly.
There is every indication that the
nation, through its representatives,
will follow out President Wilson's
words to Congress and "exert all its
power and employ all its resources to
bring the government of the German
empire to terms and end the war."
Ways of Providing Money.
The council, all of whose members
later attended the cabinet meeting, de
cided to confer every day this week
with the possible exception of tomor
row. Its activities, which have to be
approved by the President, and in
some cases by Congress, have begun to
reach into every problem aimed to
make the United States most efficient
in war.
Tenative way» in which the great
sums of money needed by the gov
ernment may be raised are in course
of preparation. The revenue-making
power, however, lies entirely with Con
gress.
In line with the President's sugges
tion to Congress in his address, that
the present generation bear as much of
the financial burden as possible, the
ways of providing money under con
sideration today included increasing
the excess profits tax, lowering the
mfTiimtTTh for exemptions and increas
ing the super-tax under the income
tax law, increasing internal revenue
taxes on some article* and placing
■tamp taxes- on some articles not now
included. The general idea ia to place
taxation most heavily on thoaa bast
able to pay.
!t in realized that u(M of the tire—
>«ry furda will hava to b« raiaed by
Kind iaauaa in tha form of popular sub
! scription loan*. It wan estimated by
una cabinet member that 110,000,000-,
U00 in unall interest loans can ba
raiaad quickly in tha United State*.
Opposition has developed to tha
truaranteeing of foreign bond iaauaa,
but it appeared probabla that tha
United States, having raiaed money in
this country, would purchase the bonds
of one or more of the entente allies at
In* rates of interest and in that way
furninh them with ample capital with
which to further their own war plans.
Home Demonstration Work.
Little Richmond Cluh.
The 'Lit t 1m Richmond Club, although
a small club in nut lacking in into rent
itr energy. They have recently pur
chased a $20.00 oil stove with proceeds
from their ice cream supper of last
summer and they are making money
1 to pay for cooking utensils, by tha
1 tal»nt plan; each member starting
with 10 cents and investing in thread
I for crochet, or some other plan as she
*ecs fit. The last meeting was held
at the school building where, they ex
pect to hold most of them in the fu
ture. The officers and members of
the club hope that every girl "and wo
man within reach of Little Richmond
will attend the next meeting Wednes
day April 2">th, at 2 p. m.
Oak Grove Club.
Friday afternoon the Demonstration
Club met with the President Mrs. Arm
field. Mrs. E. C. Seewald, an expert
candy maker of Mount Airy gave the
club very helpful demonstrations in
making home made candies and cake
fillings and iceings. She also talked
on the value and need of pure candies
for children. This club is next to our
youngest, having beer, organized late
1 in December; but it is not standing
stilL Its members have a plan on
Coat to isist roatr fcr en ail ut—» -
and other equipment for a club cooking
room, hoping thereby to enlarge the
club's usefulness.
White Plains Club.
Mrs. Lottie Robertson entertained
the Home Demonstration club Thurs
lay afternoon March 29, and Mrs. E.
C, Seewald of Mt. Airy gave demon
trations and talked on home-made
•andies. She gave the club several
points in this art that are generally
known only to professional candy
makers. The White Plains club was
' organized only a month ago, but the
attendance of twenty three at this
meeting is a very encouraging sign.
Clean, Pure Milk the Basis of
Good Butter.
Butter of good quality that will
bring a good price is largely controlled
by the producer of milk and Cream.
Good cream is essential to the produc
tion of good butter, and clean, pure
milk is essential to good cream. In
ferior butter is had fr«m inferior
cream, and inferior butter will bring a
low price.
It is, therefore, necessary, say spe
cialists of the Dairy Field Office of the
Extension Service, that good, clean
milk is produced by tbe dairyman who
expects to sell his cream to his local
creamery. To produce clean milk, the
barn, cow, and milk utensils must be
clean. The cream separator and all
other milk utensils should be thor
oughly washed and scalded after each
use. If they are allowed to stand,
cleaning will be more difficult and less
efficient.
In separating the milk, the cream
screw should be regular so that it will
deliver a cream containing from 80 to
40 per cent of butterfat. Rich cream
does not sour as quic.Uy as thin, and
enableti the hauler to gat a more ac
curate sample for testing. It also
leaves more skim-milk on the farm for
feeding, and, in addition, reduce* the
cost of traniportation.
Cream tours very quickly at temper
at u res above 60 degree* F. It, there
fore, should be cooled immediately
after separating and placed in a cool,
clean place which i* free from odor*.
Cold water is an effective cooler.
Fresh warm cream should not be
placed with older, cool cream, for this
raises the temperature of the cool
cream and ffciiaes souring to hasten.
Karh time a new lot of cream i* added
to a receptacle the whole should be
•tirred thoroughly so as to prevent* the
formation <>f lumps or curd.
Cleanliness low temperature, anil
frequent deliveries result la good
>-ream, which makes butter of high
, 1 ity and maxlm«B price.
Mstgtrtt M. Helwai.