Newspapers / The Mount Airy News … / Feb. 7, 1918, edition 1 / Page 4
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EUROPEAN FORMS OF FOOD RATIONING Outline of Franca, Italy, London. Enfluiii,- Frtnc*, Italy. Hoi hod. .H«ut»iland, Denmark and Swnlen aaya I ha oirial National | Tr *1 Journal ImimI by I Ha fwl Miniairy, have all had »ome form of I rationing in operation during 11)17 Sugnr haa iwan irenarally tha rtrnt! fomlatutf rationed. for raaaona that ara familiar to ua in tha United King Horn There haa haan alao uma in-1 tantlon of crafting other «h«ma« ax nee Ird. »n tha foundations laid in the ma hinery for sugar. Rut whan tiraad! rationing follow*. which haa now proven necewary in all tha countries i mentioned. tha fart that bread mu-t j ha d' lad out mwh mora often ia apt to modify the arrangement* almost out of recognition. The dUtribution of work between I central and local authorities differ* considerably. Kranee Italy and Switz erland treat their province*, depart ment* ar.J .anion* aa separate unit*, which are themselve* rationed in fond •tuffs, and control, to a large extent, the requiaition of home-grown ma-] terial within their border*. Thu* we find the introduction of .sugar card*I apringing up locally in France and1 Italy, without any central direction, except the quantity of the ration,! which in practically determined by the sharing of the (lugar among the divi>, In Switzerland . the i*nue of auffar j cards and rice card* was obligatory after February, 1917, ami the quanti ty varied monthly. A central bureau direct* the cantonal and local bureaux for distribution and card* are is.-ued locally. Br<-ad tickets came into use on Oct. 1. The ration ia made the same throghout the canton*, for the convenience of traveler*. Individual card t are issued: each customer has to deal with a chosen retailer: People who have two meals away from home daily have different card*. Butter ia now to lie rationed. In Italy, until .September last, th« enforcement of any Individual ration ing wa< optional in each province* though a province might make it com pulsory on its communes. Bread, flour, and pastes were rationed only to a small extent sugar rather generally. The arrangements were by card only in the larger towns, and were fre quently more of the nature of regis tration with given retailers. In small communes the latter plan has been very successful, as it dermis on per sonal knowledge of individuals. But all such leal rationing is subject to desconcerting upset by the population going outside to buy onrationed food, or by a daily influx or unrationed workers. From October, 1917, bread and flour in Italy has to be compul sory rationed in every province and commune; also macaroni, rice or maize, wherever any of these happens to be a staple food; but the machinery as well as the actual individual allow ances. are still decided provincially, not by any central authority. There are inevitable difficulties in the whole sale rationing of the provinces, and trouble has already been caused, as in Turin. Further the Italian local ad ministrations do not take kindly to rationing, and have tried to post pone it. In France the local arrar.gements for sugar tickets were all brought into line in Kebrut -y; and there are now general ticket for individual*, com binded with rt *istration at a certain retailers. [Mat hable coupon* are re ceived for a six months' supply. The hrwid tickets are only just com «n* into operation. During the au tumn householders were requested to •end in declarations, not only of the aumt>er and respective ages of the members of their families, but also of th" amount of bread needed by each person per week, which put them all ■nder fixed categories. Taking these dec larn'ions as a basis, all individuals ka 'e been classified. Individual cards of v permanent nature have this ■sontil been issued, end with them booklet < if coupons, each for a small Alton* of bread. The arrangements •ppi> at present only to communes of ■on hlan 20,000 inhabitants. Holland and Sweden began on a different foundation. Each country da< ai<>pad. bmtorm tha and of IMS a Ij lUa at itiatrihwM/qr nfcaapar food la tha largar town*; Ilka ayataa »»• found to an tail lW laaua at food rarda to kwiduMan baiow • ewtiin in* run, and, of rouraa, alao antailad tha rationing of Lha i|uantitiaa received. Each town ihrdnfal ita own vkMM. nkjact to iwaw government i rltuum Thu«, whan national or sanitation foe averyt»aly i food waa neraeaary, tha •-antral authority waa able to utiliM Mima varlatlaa of exeprianra in card wemea. Hy tha and of I1»1H tha Inral control ovar tha aupply and aala of certain goodn had tightened up mi murh that many of thaaa towna hail begun to ration all thair inhabitant a. Several place* in Sweden rationed sugar themaelve* and, later bread ami Hour. llowa\ar, tha Htata in Nwmlan iaaurd a general mittur card in No\rm ber, 1V1H, and a general braad > aid in January, 11*17, Tha Inral food com muiaarf were glvrn all tha orKanixa ' ion until July, when it waa do idad to appoint a now .antral authority wh« h attend* entirely to tha iaaua of tha cartl«, being aaaiatad hy .TO pro vincial branrhe*. Braad tukat* ara complicated hy tha owner* having to rhooaa among Hou- and two kind* if braad. Moluixl differ* from the other coun tries in that it has not yet Wad to in troduce my sugar ratirn. Pea*, beans, pork, rive, oatmeal and K.me fats tame under the cheap distribu tion scheme, and are still locally con trolled, in many cams as regards the whol" supply. The national 1-rt-arl card was issued to householders in February last through the bakers, who art a* intermediaries lietween customers and local authorities, ("here are three kinds of bread. The rm tion has been gradually lowered by making seven days' supply last, first for nine days, and now for 11 days. Denmark had little or no experi mental rationing until a national su gar card, followed quickly by a na tional bread card, was instituted early in 11>17. Householders received sugar cards for three months. There are separate monthly bread cards, each with coupon* for two kinds of bread wheat and rye. Butter and other fats are not being rationed. Norway has hung hark from ration ing as long as possible, because of the very scattered population. Tin authorities have recently directed re tailers to supply only a fixed quan tity of sugar per individual; but there is no ticket machineiy yet. It wdl now be necssary to introduce it for bread, as a ration designated to be compulsory has been fixed. Beekeepers Help Feed Nation. Response of beekeepers to appeals to increase honey production, thus helping to meet the food shortage, and especially the sugar shortage has been strikingly large, according to a report by the Bureau of Entomology, United Stdfes Department of Agriculture. The honey market news service in augurated by the Bureau of Markets of the department is expected to cur tail speculation and make the market more stable. DOCTOR URGED AN OPERATION Instead I took Lydia EL Pink ham's Vegetable Compound and Was Cured. Baltimore, MA—"Nearly four year* 1 Buffered from organic troubles, iter fuusiiPM mm nrwi •dm and every month would bare to •Lay in bed moet of the time. Treat ment* would relieve me for a time bat my doctor wu al ways urging me to -have an operation. My slater aaked ne ;to try Lydia E. Pink b a m'l V>'grtable Compound before contenting to an /operation. I took live bottlea of it and it haa completely cured me and my won w ■ pleasure, i u>n tn my I nerwa who have any trouble of thia kind what l«ydia K. Pinkharo'a Ve^nabU Com pound haa clone for me. — NcluS B. HMTTINiHAK, 609 Calvertoa Rd., Balti more. Md It i» only natural for any woman to <tre*d tha thought of an operation. No many wnmm have l»en re»tor«-d to hfalth by thia famous remedy. I.vdia K. I'lnkham's Vor.taMe Compound, after an operation haa been ailvis. .1 that it ; will pay any woman who auffera from audi I.lfmenu to erm»i>ier trying It ba , fore submitting toauch a trying ocdaal. AMERICAN SUGAR SENT TO FRANCE American Price Rigidly Regulate* by United States Food Administration. CONSUMERS HERE PAY 9c. SMfar Chi IB Cant* a Paund During Civil VVir— Haftnara frtlilt N«w Curl*ilad. Sugar la aalllag today thmnhowt Aiuvrii'a at from Hiu V inwa a pound to iha ronamiiar, avail though ilwra la a world ahoriaica wlnrli liaa rariurad ihla uatliui a augar allot n>"Ul la 70 par put. nl nortMal. Through I ha atTr.rta tba ITnllad Mfataa food admuiiatratloa tha auicar market haa t»#»*n ragulatad aa far a* tha producer, raflnar anil wholaaalar la MMMMd Tha fmxl admlnlatrn i Ion haa no powar ta raffiilnta ralall priraa i-xrapt hj pulillr opinion. Kvrn though mora lliau *" .urn ton* of augnr hara t>aan ahlppad in Frnnra In | four moniha tha ra»«4l «rorar'a autfnr prtaa la around A fa rant a. Ha aim old aall tlila augar at tn U rant* tha food ndmlntalrarloti hallavaa, ind aaka tha Amartran houaawlfa to l«j no mora than Ihla amount. La at Auguat whan tha food admin latratloo waa orgaataad tha prti-a of • near roaa auddanljr tn 11 ra nta a pound. iKirlng rha Clatl War »»»*r mat tba mmaiimar S3 ranfa a pound. Bj regulation >f tha autcnr tnarkat and. rwfurtn« tha prlr* to and V rant*! and kavptng It from advancing to 90. ranta tha food admlnlatratloa haa aav-1 ad tha Amartt-an pultllr at laaat *180. '» >. MO la four Bontha. arror<Hnf to a atatamant mad* l»y Hrrtiart Hoovar I ha oihar ilaj. "It 1* our atorn itntj to foed the al lien, in maintiitD their health and atronrth at any coot to onraelven," Mr. Miinftf declared. "Th«* haa not been, nor will t>« na w# see It, enough sugar for even their present mengro anil depressing nHInn nnleao they aend ahlpa to rrmote markka for It. If *• In our greed ahd gluttony force them either to further reduce their ration or to send thin* ships we will hn»a dona damage to our abilities to win thla war. "If »i send the ahlpa to Java for 290,000 tone of sugar next year we will have necessitated the em ployment of eleven extra ahlpa for one year. Theaa ship*—if used In tranaportlng troopo—would take 140 000 to 200.000 men to France." Reason for World Shortage. Aa Mr Hoover |lbM "Ui, tho Cnltnl Stales, Canada and Enyland' »fr» sugrir Importing countries before 'ho war. while France and Italy wero very nearly self supporting The main source* of the world's rnenr supply waa 'Sermsn* and neighboring powers, tho West Indln and the Fj»Kt Indies. Orrm»n suirar la no longer available, aa It la nsed entirely In CJermany. which alao absnrhs sugar of aurround Ing ronntrleo. Kng'and can no longer boy 1.400.000 long tona of augmr each year fnoai Oertnany. The French augar produc tion baa dropped from 760,000 to 210, iTO tona. The Italian production haa fallen from 210.000 tona to 75,000 tuna. Thua three countries were thrown upon Kaat and Went Indian sources for 1.KSS.000 tona annually to maintain their normal consumption. Because of the world's shipping shortage the a Hied natlona started drawing on the West Indies for augar ; i Kaat Indian augar took three times the number of ahlpa, alnco tbs die | tanco waa three times as great Rnd-' denly the west wss railed on to fur- j nleh and did furnlah 1.■»'.■>»i«*> tona of sugar to Europe when 3u>.0<*) tona n j ear was the pre-war demand. The alllea had dra<rn from Jara 400.00c tona before the ahlpplng situation be came acuta. "In spite or thru* shipment*," Mr Hoover dated the other rlajr. "the Kngllsh government In August reduced, the household su*;sr ration to a t>ssl» of 24 pounds per annum per capita. And In September the French govern ment reduced their household ration j to 18 2-10 pounds a year, or a hit o*e» 1 pound of sugar a month. Kven this meagre ration could not he tilled hy the French government !t waa fonnd early Id the fan. America wan then asked for 100.000 tons of sugar and succeeded In sending Mono tons hy December 1. The French requeat was granted because the American house hold consumption waa then at least .V pounds per person, and It waa cnnsld cred the duty of maintaining th< French morale made oar course clear " Today the sugar situation may be summarised by stating that If America will reduce Its sugar can- I sumption 10 to 19 par tent this nation will be able to send 200.000 more soldiers to Franca. Sugar Uxlsj aells at seaboard r» Anodes at 17 23 a hundred pound* The wholesale grower has agri-ed t« limit his prollt to 23 cents a hundred] plua freight, «nd the retail grtwt-r u' suppooed to take no more than W . nil a hundred pounds profit. This re<r> ! latloo waa made by the fnod adrilnla trntlon. which now ssks the ho-iacwlV it reduce *ug:.r consumption as mn<+ possible, using other ■w»«ten<*rs j and also reminds her that al t- sii*<', pny no mora than V rer a a |>otind fnt sugar. Contrel of Caita Refiners' P-o"'*. "Iminfttaiolji upon Hie r* '■ I ■MO1 of the food admlnlstra*" ilf Huxvr nM, ■* KiintMttM m ■MMt* <»f Ik* ««| and pnlK af rvfln 1A« IM II waa dnailr Marauml thai the apraad b»lw«— lha ton of n« ■■4 Ik* aala uf rrflnrd rut auiir itK'uW ha iiidiimI ta |l M par boadrad powaila. Tba pra-war .llffarawllal had i av*r*«ad about V. i-anta ami H—< raata wara found lo ha* a baati liupoa- 1 Ml bjr I ha war In la<T>aaad <-oa< of r» flu in*. luaaaa, mat of ha«a. lalmr, Inaur. aura, Intaraal and oihar thliitfa. raihrr Mart* thau ravar (ha ilHiwni-a. Aftar prolonged naKoi in >!•■*• i|m raflnrn »«» pl«rrtl under Aun—n>mt aatate llalilnv *b»—i llinita on iHtthor I, anil ur»-'<l o»af llii* amount to ba agraad Wiortlonaia under lha law. "In th» ronraa <if Ihaaa Inreatlirn linn a |r wna found by rnnvaaa a f lha Cuban produrara ihal their augar had, during the Aral nlna months of lha paat T**r. aold f»r an aramica of abniit H.2I per hundrad f « h I'ulta, to which duly and frwlKhf addad la th» reflnera' root amount In ahnui <ld pai hnnitbd. Tha avara#a aala prlra of rtwniilnfed h? varloua reflnerlm. ac cording »«» our Invratlgatlnn. wna abont n |»r hundred, or a differential of r u. "In reducing fha dMMNM la tl ."*> there www a aavlnff fn lha publlr of 11 , eenfa par hundred. Had anrh a dlf feremlal been In uaa from lha lat of | fanuary. 1"1T. lha pnhlle would hava aaved In the I1r*t nlna mnnllui of lha JIur about *21 MM « Neat Year. With a view to more efficient organ isation of the trade In Imported augnra next )rar two casniulttrwa luvn lieen fortm-d by the fixxl xlmtaiatrntUn: I. A commit lee comprising rvpro aentatlTeo of >11 nf the elemetila iii American mo« refining group*. The principal »luty of thm committee la u> illvlila the augar Import* pro rata to their varlnna rapacities and am that nliUnluta Juatlce la done to every r» flnwr. i A committee comprising three rep. reaentallvea of the English, French anil Italian government*; two rept» aentatlvea of th« American reflnero, with a member of the food adiulnlatrn Hon. only two of tha committee have arrived from Europe, hot they repre nent tha allied government*. The da lle* of thla nmnnltlM are to determine tha moat economical auurrr* from • tranaport point of view of all the ai lie# to arru!%e trnnaport at uniform rate*. to dlatrlhute the foreign auirnr between tha United tttatea and allies, auhjeet to the approval of the Aiuorl can. Ktigltah, French and Italian gov ernment*. Tlila roniniittee, while holding at rung view* na to the price to he paid fur | Cuban sufar. ha* no! had the ttr.al ■ voire. Thla voire baa rested In toe pivemmenta concerned, toffcther with ' the Cuban government, and I wloh to atate emphatically that all of tha gen tlemen conrerued an good commercial Men l.ave endeavored with the nttmmt patience unit skill to aerare a lower price, and their peraiatence baa ro» dured Cuban tlnniMa by U mia per hundred The price agreed upon ia alniut $-i <U> per hundred poiinda. f. o. h. Culm, or eijual to about I't duty paid New lorh. ""Vila p'lca ahoMld eventuate," I Mr. Hoover said, "to about (7.30 par hundred for reflnsd sugar from tha refiners at aeauoard points or ahould placa sugar in tha handa of tho consumer at from tfi to • cents par pound, depending upon locality and condition a of trade, or at from 1 to 2 cento below tho prices of Auguot laat and from one. half to a cent per pound cheaper than today. "There la now an elimination of j speculation. extortionate profits, and In the refining alone the American j people wtll save over S23.tlUU.UUU of the reflning charges laat year. A part of theae savings goee to the Cuban, Hawaiian. Porto Klcan and Lnttalanlao producer and port to the consumer. . "Appeals to prejudice agalnat the food administration have been made bare use the Cuban price la M cents above that of 1M7. It la aald Is effet t that the Cubaua are at our mercy; that we could get sugar a cent lower. ' We made exhaustive atudy nf the coot ! of producing sugar In Cuba laat year through our own ageota In Cuba. and ; we find It average* S3 39. while uiany producers are at a higher level. We j found that an average proflt of at ' least a cent per pound waa neceaaary : In order to maintain and atlinulate production or that a minimum price of ; St.'17 waa neceaaary, and even tblo would atlfle some producer* in® price uitimaim urwi >u i.\ cents above these ttgurrs. ur shout one flfth of a rent per pound to the Ameri can consumer. and mora than tbla ■mount ha* he«D «*nl by our reduc tlun In re-flners' profits. If we wish to atlfla production to Cuba wa could take that <-ourse Juat at tha ttma of all t lines In our hiatorji whan wa want production for oursvlvca and tha at lira, r'urther than that, tha state de partment will assure yon that such a courw would produca dlalurtiances In (\iha and itMtmi rifo our present aup|>llaa. hut beyond all these material reaaons la on* of human Just lea. This great country haa no right by tha might of It* poaitlon to atraugla «*uha. "Therefore there I* do Imposition upon tha American public Char*** hava.heen niada hefora thla commit tea that Mr. Rolph endeavored to ben- ' eflt the California refinery of which he waa manager by thtf M cent Increase In Cuhan prlca. Mr Rolph did not Hi the price. It doe* raise the price to the Hawaiian farmer shout that amount. It does not rnlaa the profit of the ffcl'fornl* refinery. because their charge for refining I*. Ilka all other re finers. limited to tl SO per hundred pounds, plus the freight differential oa j th> •stahllshed custom of tha trade. "Mr. Rolph has not o«>* i*f.ny of l»- | (•rest Ui tflr.t refinery. <a wypac Advertising in Undar tha faatariag inlimw of loughtori (John Houghton, f. K. S.. mi apotharary ami gremtr in Bartkulo naw I ■■a, who nlartad a pa par In Mtt -allad "A l ullartton for tha Im trovamant of Husbandry and Trada"), who •ppaara la hava tiaan kaanly iwar* of tha advanlaga to bo itarlvad 'rem thia mannar of obtaining puMu ty. advartiaamanl* of avary kind bo ptn gradually to uppaar. and ara lung ha Imokti llara who for Mima tuna had nonopuliiad tha pa par, wara puihari laula by other trada*; and ao tha at antion of tha put.lic la by tuma di ■artad to blacking balla tapaatry langingH, ... writing. . inka ., coppar irwl braan work atr., and thaaa notiraj ncraa>a<l m> rapidly that adda<l to No. 12, whirh appaarad on July 28, lrtna Lhara nppaarml a half ihaat of advar tiaamanta which ia Introducad to tha public with tha following curioua no tica: "My collection I shall carry on a* usual. Thin part ia to ffiva away. >n<l thou* who lika it not, may omit Lhe reading. I i»elieve it will halp on trade prwticaly encourage tha adver Users to increase tha vent of my pa par*. I shall racita al sorts of ad vertisement* liut shall answir for the reasonableness of none (!!) unless [ Ifive thereof a particular character on which (aa T shall ifive it) may he dependence. but no argument that uthera deserve not aa well. I am informed that seven or eight thousand gazette* are cach time printed, which makes them the moat univercal in telligencers; but I'll suppose mine their first handmaid, because it goes I though not no thick yet) to moat ports It* also lasting to be put into volumes with indexes and pcrticular ly there shall be nn index of all the advertisement I, whereby, for sg«» to come, they may be u.ieful." The advertisement* in Houghton's Collection may appear .strange to the reader aeC!l<!tomed to rourrled sen tences and glowing periods, but in the reign of William III the general ab sence of education rendered the so cial element more unsophisticated in character. In those old days the advertiser and editor of. the paper frequently speak in the first person -ingular;' al*-» the advertiser often . I leaks through th« editor. A few specimens taken at random will give I ha mder • >'A» table good Ite the *tyle Umm< p»s¥»l—I: for • suitable iwtlimn " "1 nail several appi »»tt— far • valuable luilw«." "1 want a negro au that la a good house arpnUr and » good ■ hg« maker." "I want a jrounf man about 14 ar 16 year* old that uaa trim ami look after a peruke. TU to wait <«n a marrhant " "I want a pritty lioy to watt <m a gentleman who will taka raw of him and put him >m an apprentice." "I know of several curioua woman that would wait on ladles to ha house keepers." "t want a young man who ran writa and raad, mow and roll a garden.... understand country porta, and wait at a table, and such Ilka." "If any young man that playii well on a violin and write* a good hand desire* a clerkship, I ran help him to £20 a year." "I want a complete young man, that will wear livery, to wait on a very valuable gentleman, but he must know how to play on a violin or flute." "If I can meet with a sober man that has a counter tenor voice, I can help him to a place worth <30 a year or more." This continual ilemaml for musical •ervanta arose from the fashion of making them take part in musical performances of which custom we find frequent traces in Pspys.— From ! "The History of Advertising." by Henry Sampaon. The batchelor friend had been in vited to impart the new baby at tha home ot a neighbor. Manlike he xaid; "Well well, but ba'a a An* little fellow, isn't »he? How old it now * Do her teeth bother him much ? 1 I hope he get* throuifh it* Mrond sum mer all right. She looks like you, loesn't he? Every say* it dom." And then he went home in a hurry. 115 Acres Land for Sale. I have 115 acres of land, part of the W. O. Jackson farm, that I will sell in small tracts, either the land or the timber without the land. llt mile* from Mount Airy on Wards Gap and . Green Hill road. This land is heat ily , timbered. Terms easy. tf J. A. Atkins, Mount Airy, N. C. Mount Airy Realty & Auction Co. J. A. ATKINS, Manager MOUNT AIRY, — North Carolina. If you want to boy or sell apply to We kaadk all kind* of Real Estate, public and private. OFFICE OVER EARP'S STORE. Chestnut Wood Wanted! We are now ready to make contracts for Chest nut wood. Our price ii higher to contractors than to those not holding contracts. We reserve the right to reject any wood that is not up to the specifi cations or accept the same at a reduced price. We also reserve the right to stop issuing contracts at any time. C C Smoot & Sons Co.
The Mount Airy News (Mount Airy, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 7, 1918, edition 1
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