mm
PEACE?
Serving Civilian and Military Students at UNC
volume liii sw
CHAPEL HILL, N. C, TUESDAY, AUGUST 14. 1945
NUMBER SW 77
President Graham Issues
(When a Japanese surrender
seemed to be almost a matter of
hours, the Editor of the Tar Heel
approached Dr. Frank P. Graham,
president of the University, and
solicited the following statement.
Dr. Graham prepared this state
ment while the false peace report
was being circulated and later de
nied.)
We rejoice that Japan, the
last of the Axis Powers which
combined to conquer the world,
has sued for peace, that fascism
has been conquered, that peace
has almost come at least to the
peoples of the world. We hope for
increasing freedom, justice, and
Jap Surrender
To Radically
Change Orient
Future Decisions
On Japanese Loom
As Peace Near s
By Buddy Glenn
The terms imposed on Japan are in
comparison to the conditions put on
defeated Germany are very light. With
the exception of the clarification of
the Emperor's status in post war Ja
pan, the surrender conditions are the
ones of the Potsdam Conference. In
short, they are: "elimination of mili
tarists who led Japan in the path of
war," Allied occupation of designated
points within Japan until a "new' or
der" is established, Japanese sov
ereignity over the four main islands
and such minor islands "as we may
determine," destruction of war indus
tries but maintenance of essential
peacetime industries, and access ra
ther than control over raw materials
in her conquered lands. This prob
ably means that all of Japan's con
quests since 1905 must be given up
including Korea and Formosa. Also,
this leaves the door open for Russia
to get Sakahlin, a mineral-rich island
in the morthern part of the Japanese
islands.
Some Americans and the press put
in minor gripes on retaining the Em
peror even under the conditions of
the surrender. Provisions on his status
were conspicuously absent in the Pots
dam Declaration, but in the Allied re
ply to Japan's original surrender of
fer stated in essence that the Em
peror must be subject to the allied
commander-in-chief and could be de
posed if the people wanted another
form of government. The opposition
in the United States was only half
hearted. The only apparent objection
was the feeling that the Emperor
should be tried as a i'war criminal"
whatever that means except somebody
on the other side. Senator Thomas
stated that the Emperor was neces
sary to have democracy in Japan. It
is believed by most observers in Japan
that the Emperor was not responsible
for the war since he was controlled
by the military clique. At any rate,
the administration and much of the
public did not pay any attention to
these "voices."
What are the future probabilities m
regard to Japan? She is in a much
better economic and political position
because of her surrender. She has sal
vaged much of her "peaceful indus
tries" and heavy industry. It will be
interesting to see just how little this
war has cost Japan. She was m
good financial condition when the war
began and has acquired a great deal
of raw materials from the conquered
territories. She will miss the coal and
iron of Manchuria, exploitation of her
colonies, and her Chinese factories and
extra-territorial rights.
In the political field she has the ad
vantages of a relatively sound finan
cial system and a stable government
There will Probably be an orderly
transition to whatever form,, of gov
people decide to have with
Z undoubted absence of any revolu
tion of the masses which so often fol
lows a military defeat.
What does all of this auu -
rtifoH an-
ides 'peace? Have we
:;trmeUethatwewmhavetocop
n, intpr? That is, oi -
ranHiativetothVcirsUnce-
However, it seems that with a senile
potoy by our government toward Ja
pan she can easily f"
loving", second-rate world power.
security through the coopera
tion of America, Britain, Rus
sia, China, France, and all the
United Nations. May our cele
bration and our hope be worthy
of this great day in the life of
mankind!
The University of North Caro
lina, which offered all her re
sources to the nation twenty
months before Pearl Harbor, re
joices with her more than 8,000
alumni in the Army, Navy, Ma
rines, Coast Guard, WACs and
WAVES; in the Naval R.O.T.C.
and V-12 contingents; in the
A.S.T.P.; nd in the more than
trained at this University, many
f f S sS f
-A
in
V
,
How soon win ne return;
wHh open arms, whether, he
serving for uncle bam.
'Philippine Invasion Reported; Ma
nila Bombe3 Following US Declara
tion of War Upon Japan . . . Students
View Crisis With Resignation . .
Graham Asserts UNC Freedom; Gov
ernmental Honor Menaced . . . Plan
Aimed at Training Students ; ROTC
Sought . . . Wartime Campus Defense
Program Opens Here . . . Military
Corps Training Courses Open to Stu
dents . . . Graham. Assumes Post on
War Emergency Board . . . Student
Defense Center to Start Volunteer
Drive, v. . Graham Appointed To War
Labor Board . . . 1,800 Naval Air Ca
sv.'.v .-.;::-:.. :-.-.v.'-:-;-x-.-.- . . -':: ......;:...
W
V&KJXWJWW
Statement
17,000 Naval Pre-flight cadets
of whom, as bomber and fighter
pilots, had a decisive part in
ending the war in the Pacific.
Over 400 of our alumni have
been decorated or cited for hero
ism in action. Two have re
ceived the nation's highest
award, the " Congressional Medal
of Honor.
Major General Hal Turnage,
now second in command of the
United States Marines, led the
American forces which took the
strategic island of Guam, the
first American soil recaptured in
this war. Admiral O. B. Hardi-
.A
-Viy-
.x : : ao;
inai i mc iiuniiciit
has already been here before the
MOW
Tar Heel Headlines 1941-1945
dets May Be Barracked at UNC;
Heavy Training Would Start May 1
. . . OSCD Names UNC Air Raid War
dens; All Dorms, Fraternities In
cluded . . . Air Unit Here . . . Knox
Discloses 1,875 Cadets Will Train
Here . . . Cadets Take Over Upper
Quad at End of Quarter . . . Carolina
Faces First Blackout Wednesday . . .
May Festivities Get Wartime Stream-'
lining . . . Before 2000 Students. Dr.
Graham Delivers Historic 'Address . . .
President States UNC 'Meets Crisis
In Stadium Show . . . Naval Unit Gets
Official Launching Today . . First
Concerning
son, now in charge of all Naval
pre-flight and primary training,
commanded the carrier Enter-
prise in the brilliant victory off j
the Solomons. General Steve
Simmons directed the preventive
medical program for the Army
in Europe and in the Pacific.
v We especially recall with rev
erent remembrance the 260 sons
who have been killed or still re
ported missing in action. In
their spirit of unreserved devo
tion let us now carry through
our present appointed task, and
prepare ourselves in body, mind,
and spirit to rebuild a broken
9
O
4 y
4
fis J
4
Vs-
'---V
111
nW Tn nnv Pvent. the TTniversitv
. - - .
war, or whether he is going to
Contingent of Naval Cadets Arrive To
day .. . UNC Hits Full Stride With
Vast War Effort . . . UNC Goes All
Out for Scrap Drive 200,000 Lbs. in
10 Days . . . Faculty Cancels Thanks
giving Holidays Due To Government
Railroad Request to Aid in Alleviat
ing the Acute Transportation Prob
lem . . . College Freshmen and Others
18-19 Years of Age Become Affected
By Draft . . . Dean Bradshaw Offers
Hope to the Boys in Statement . . . I
Believe That Plans Will Be Made For
A Large Proportion Of The Capable
Students to Contrive in College After
Near Peace
world and renew the democratic
faith and morale of peoples
everywhere. God grant that the
atomic bomb, with its awful ex
plosive power for the -destruction
of civilization may cause
world explosion in the purposes
of America and the United Na
tions to end war forever and to
organize the physical energies
of the universe and the spiritual
energies of free men for more
justice, more equality of oppor
tunity, and the production of a
more decent life for all the peo
ples of the world.
1
5- a
will be ready to welcome him
Qffpi.
college for the first t.me after
They All Are Called To Active Duty
. . Announcement of the College of
War Training First Of Its Type In
the Nation, Designed To Train Stu
dents from the Age of 16 Years up in
Combat and Civilian War Work . . .
Dean F. F. Bradshaw Appointed Dean
of New College . . . The University's
$348,000 Airport Which Was Des
tined To Be the Finest College Field
in the Nation . . . Advanced Training
Shifted to Raleigh . . . Students Leave
UNC at Most Rapid Rate Since
World War I, Eo Enter Armed Forces
Se HEADLINES, page 2.
False Rumors
Produce Peace
Demonstration
University Looks
For Return Of
Peacetime Campus
By Robert Morrison
Sunday night a university which
had participated in three years of war
almost celebrated a peace which had
not yet come. A "malicious rumor" of
Japanese acceptance of the United Na
tions' terms of surrender threw the
campus into a scene of rejoicing from
which it soon recovered when empha
tic denials of the surrender were
broadcast from all national networks.
Although the false report was denied
within two minutes, the people of the
University community had time to
leave their radios and begin a wave
of loud shouting and mad happiness.
Students, faculty, and townspeople
were reluctant to realize that the re
port was false. Cars raced up and
down Franklin Street with horns
blowing and occupants shouting. Stu
dents poured out of dormitories into
the rain to join the celebration. From
Gimghoul Castle to Carrboro cries went
up which were as loud and as sweep
ing as Carolina has witnessed during
its three years of war.
. The report of Japanese surrender
was expected. It did not strike the
populace unheralded. Nevertheless,
the realization (although false) that
the war had ended was just too much
to be taken lightly. With the end of
the war came visions of the end of
rationing, the end of the draft, the
end of death notices to mothers and
fathers, and the beginning of a new
era of mankind.
The end of the war will bring as
many changes to the University as to
any area in the nation. For almost a
year, Carolina has been moving slow
ly toward a peacetime schedule, but
Carolina is still far from being the in
stitution of pre-war. days, On this
campus are stationed 1700 Pre-Flight
cadets, who are separate and apart
from the general administration of
the University. Going to classes to
gether with civilian students are Ma
rines, NROTC's, sailors in the V-12
program, and a few ASTP's. Less
than a year ago only two dormitories
were open to civilian males. All other
University and the service training
programs. This spirit has manifested
itself in the student body when civi
lians and service students belong to
the same fraternities, operate under
the same student government, parti
cipate in the same activities, and work
together to maintain the traditions of
the institution. Carolina fought hard
to win the war, and weathered the con
version with a minimum of difficulty.
men's dormitories and all fraternity
houses were occupied by Navy and
Army students. The bulk of the ASTP
was taken away; Nash and Miller Hall
were later filled with civilians. The
Navy training program began to
dwindle. The came the trimester sys
tem and service students and civi
lians went to classes together.
The University at war was certain
ly fortunate in the spirit of co-operation
which has existed between the
Other colleges and universities
throughout the nation have not been
so fortunate as the University of
North Carolina..
Dr. Frank Graham, the University's
president, stated on the eve of peace
that the combined efforts of the parts
of the University should not be turned
to the building of a bigger and better
University. The University has long
been formulating a post-war plan. The
prediction of 8000 students here soon
is not a figure to be readily denied.
The University expects to begin a
building program soon which will be
aimed at the eventual doubling of
present facilities. More immediate
building projects include a larger li
brary, a new wing to the Armory, a
new dramatic arts theatre, and more
dormitory facilities.
The movement to admit freshmen
women to the University is certainly
increasing in strength. Even with the
present restriction of the coed stu
dent body to juniors and seniors, many
applications have been denied. The
arrival of thousands of women awaits
only the facilities and the approval of
the Board of Trustees. Many advo
cates of a bigger and better University
envision the admission of any person
over sixteen years of age who can meet
the educational and moral standards.
Even though the first demonstration
See PEACE, page 6.