PACE TWO
THE DAILY TAR HEEL
Unl
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1953
ess
The rar starts and it is a new experience for
nuny. I-or, many, lulled by their high school presi
l.nt, or school superintendents in a-somewhat less
Han eloquent commencement speech as America".
Ityre leaders or citirns 0r tomorow, the change
M he quite drastic. Tor most the change is pre
diet able.
There will be firt the interminable orientation
with meetings, meetings, and more meetings, some
-f which kome cf the new class will skip. They will
hear many wordj about the Carolina tradition of
freedom, about the Honor System, and about stu
b-r.t Rofrnmenl and activities in general. They will
he told that a proper balance between scholarship
..nd other interests will have to be made.
With much new found wisdom the student will
f" hi itormitnry and get ready for the first dav
! (lasses.
S.Hn the student finds out that the Honor Sys
tem de not work too well, and that the noise in
many dormitory corridors makes study impossible
and life only a little unhappy. At about this time
they a?o find that one in rive, if that many, pro
f"sors that they have for freshman ' courses are
interesting -not even stimulating.
So. quite early about one fourth of them pledge
fraternities and more than half of those are never
s en (loins something useful for themselves between
that tim and graduations. Others will take out their
sorrows on the Tempo Room or the Rathskeller late
n the cwnm. and others still will shortly drop out.
Almost all will fort their academic load until
before the quiz and then assimilate what is necess
ary for quick regurgitation on the next day. They
will he attuned to assimilating fact temporarily with
out placm the fad into context. They will be at
tuned not to think, and even those who came here
not looking for a hishcr paying job as the primary
result of a college education, will give up their
: o.il earlv.
Thosp persistent enough to continue with in
tellectual pursuit will find it difficult to find peo
1 to converse with about anything save liquor.
sp. and past experiences. A feeble attempt will be
nl ide bv some to participate in activities, but for
pJt thi will mean lines in a yearbook rather than
;i personal contribution.
By the end of their sophomore year, those who
have not received a hih office will retire perma
nent I v to the bar stool or the uncomfortable cols
t&at grace most dormitories and fraternities. They
will cor'crit themselves with the activity of a Satur-
v ninht party or the intellectual pursuit of Mickey
Mantle's haMini average. They will be by the end
of college little changed for the better by their four
cars.
They will he reactors rather than thinkers. They
will be waiters rather than doers They will be )art
of soreitv at the expense of their own individuality.
Tiny will ( intellectually dead.
There will be several who will become "teach
rrs." but there will be but one or two teachers
There will be a tew who will become "lawyers." bu4
there may b one lawyer. There will be many writ
ers and binesmf n. hut few will see their writing
in print and few will ri-e above wanting to makv
the motm'o'ney o'r themselves. There will be some
sficnti-ts. but few with the prospective to place the
rreaflv urowinV body of knowledge into.-There will
he a few "leader" and probably no leader. Many
will not finih school.
Those that do finish will li.sten to a brilliant com
mencement speech by a famous person and com
tnent on how brilliant the speech was largely be
cause they know that the person must be famous for
some reason. Few will question how and why he
Uot his fame and almost no one will carry the word?
of the speaker into life.
Embarking on the Ion? voyaje of life outside
the ivory tower. "America's future leaders" will be
the same generation as tne last. They will plunge
themselves into Spanish-American Wars, as qtiickl."
as they react "Coca-Cola" to "The Pause That He
freshes." They will hear the word communist, social
it. radical, nonconformist, and even individualist
and read negatively not knowing what they are re
acting to. but blindly taking somebody else's word
for it. v
In they the future leaders, as they have been
(.tied. lies not the hope of America but the prom
ise of its annihilation in an age when annihilation
can be accomplished easily.
This will happen as surely as you are readin
this UNLESS ....
Unless they as individuals try to find what they
are and preserve the uniqueness of themselves.
Unless they resist th tide that chips at and ebbs
away the curiosity htat should be native to students
Unless they become actively critical of their so
ciety and work, not just gripe, towards its improve
ment. Unless thel realise that reality is not a social
whirl but ralher Is f problem worth coming to
urips with and working out on a day to day basis.
Unless they shake the cliches and customs that
society has forced upon them and they have ac
cepted as making it the easiest way.
Unless they refuse to subvert themselves at all
times to the will of the group.
Unless they think.
The wading against the stream is the roost dif
ficult. It demands courage and endurance. A sue
cessful passage, however, has rewards that far out
number any of those received gorng another way.
The road to a personal sense of well-being lies thij
way; the road to a personal Hell lies in the other
direction.
The alternatives are clear. It is their choice.
They will probably make the wrong one.
The official student publication of the Publication
Hoard of the University of North Carolina, where it
is publish! d daily ,
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THE FAR EAST Will U. S. foreign policy bring peace?
8 31
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Out Of Joint
March Wind
John Foster Dulles appeared rather suddenly at Forest mil
Sunday to present the championship trophies to Althea Gibson and
Ashley Cooper. Grinning like a Cheshire cat, hte Secretary of Stale
said, "I guess some of you folks thought the Chinese Communists had
me boxed in. Well, here I am!" A nervous laugh went through thi
crowd and there was a scattering of applause.
Mr. Dulles apparently envisions himself . as a twentieth centurv
Horatio, standing on the bridge alone, fending of. 000 million scream
ing Chinese Reds. If this meglomaniacal vision were only so, we
could depend on the Dulles career coming to a rather abrupt (and
well-deserved) conclusion. But it is not so. The Chinese Reds have
boxed in, not Mr. Dulles, but rather the United States of America.
Thanks to a long series of blunders, beginning probably back
in 1950, and climaxed by the "high government official" (Dulles
himself) who "explained" the President's carefully worded New
port statement, we arc not irretrievably committed to the defense
of islands within spitting distance of the Chinese mainland. This must
surely be the ultimate in awkwardness. It is an untenable position,
both militarily and diplomatically.
What the Administration apparently envisions is a "limited" war
fought with tactical nuclear weapons and confined to the area of
the mainland adjacent to the islands in dispute. Nuclear strikes would
be mounted from carriers of the Seventh Fleet, bombers on Okinawa,
and the Army Matador Missile Squadron staged on Formosa itself.
This is the only possible way that the offshore islands can be de
fended by us, and it leaves the Chinese (and Russians) with some
rather interesting alternatives short of the all-out thermonuclear war
which nobody wants.
Let us assume that the Chinese Communists, for propaganda rea
sons, will not retaliate with nuclear weapons against their fellow
Asiatics on Okinawa and Formosa. What then is their target? Answer:
the Seventh Fleet.
In tests conducted since 1946 the U. S. Navy has found that their
best defense against atomic weapons is a combination of speed and
extremei dispersion over enormous distances of r-pen sea. But thh '
is precisely what is not available to the Navy in the present situation
John Foster Dulles may not be "boxed in," but the U. S. Seventh
Fleet most certainly is. The 100 mile wide Formost Strait does not
leave much room for dispersion; it leaves no room to hide from pry
ing reconnaisance eyes; and the nature of the mission itself puts a
premium on rclative'immobility.
Iresumably, the bulk of the Seventh Fleet is staged near open
water at either end of the Strait. With war imminent and inevitable,
the Fleet would make a run for the hish seas. But this too has its
drawbacks. Chinese jet bombers have at least as long a ranfe as the
Fleet's aircraft. Secondly, the Fleet's fighter planes, needed for the
defense of Formosa, have a very limited range. And, finally, in
open water the Fleet would very probably have to fend off determined
attacks from Russian submarines filtering down from Vladivostok.
It was widely reporter! several months ago that Admiral Felix
Stump, one of the Navy's Pacific bi2-wigs. came close to insubordina
tion when he argued with the President in a defense conference held
at (Juantico, Va. The sort of thing that evidently disturbed Admiral
Stump is the sort of thing we have been discussing today. By the
very nature of its mission, the Seventh Fleet must stay "under the
gun." Staying under this particular gun may well result in'an atomic
Fearl Harbor.
It is always great sport to play the role of "military expert"
when our opposition is of the caliber of Lebanese rebels or Greek
guerillas or Algerian terrorists. It is not so much fun to play the
same role when we ar about to collide, head-on, with two first-rate
military powers, under strategic and diplmatic conditions which make
our task almost impossibly difficult.
We arc in this mess because we have stubbornly, obstinately and
childishly refused to recognize the Chinese Revolution as an aceomp
lished FACT which, however unpleasant, may not be reversed by
American armed might.
Perhaps the solution is to "fix" one of our quiz shows to award
Chiang Kai-Shek a two weeks, all expenses paid, vacation in glamor
ous Miami Beach. We could then let nature take its course in the
Formosa Strait. Certainly, this would be a drastic shift in the pre
carious balance of power. But the real shift occurred in 1949 when
the Chinese Communists conquered China. We have only been kidding
ourselves since then.
Freshman And Parents' Issue
Of Carolina's Daily Tar Heel
This issue Is dedicated partly
to informing freshman of some
of the opportunities that are
available on campus as well as
bringing them up to date on
many campus happenings.
It is being mailed out to all
students at their homes with the
feeling that the parents of stu
dents at the University want to
know about the campus and the
actvities therein.
The Daily Tar Heel is a chron
icler or tTie events of the campus
as well as the events of the world
in order to put the campus is
sues in the perspective of the
world.
Th-? Daily Tar Heel is avail
able to all students free and to
all other persons at the rate ot
$4.50 for one semester and $8.50
for two semesters.
Subscriptions may be obtained
by writing Box 1080, Chapel Hill.
Dean Acheson
Follotving is the text of a
statement on China policy is
sued today by Dean Acheson,
f owner Secretary of State:
We seem to be drifting, either
dazed or indifferent, toward war
with China, a war without friends
or allies, and over issues which
the Administration has not pre-
j, sented to thp
people, and
J which are not
worth a single
American life.
Apparently, al
so, the Presi
dent and Secre
tary Dulles, with
or without mili
tary advice, will
make all the decisions for us. sur
rounded by secrecy, designed to
keep everyone guessing.
In this situation we ought to ex
amine with a sharp eye the Eisenhower-Dulles
pronouncement from
Newport of Sept. 4.
It makes eight points:
Point one. Neither Formosa nor
the offshore islands have ever
ben held by the Chinese Commun
ist Government.
So far as the offshore islands
are concerned, this is an irrelevant
legal point. The important fact is
that always, until the present civil
war, the offshore islands Quemoy,
Little Quemoy, and Matsu have
been controlled by the same pow
er which controlled the adjacent
coast. These, whatever' may be
said of Formosa, are the coastal
islands, as are Long Island, Sta
ten Island, and Martha's Vine
yard. Their population is minimal.
The only purpose of their being
held by a force hostile to the main
land government is to block the
mainland harbor of Amoy and to
offer a threat as an invasion base.
Only weakness would lead a main
land government, whatever its na
ture, to permit this situation to
continue. No American interest is
served merely by denying them
to a regime controlled by the
mainland.
Point two. Two statements are
marie here:
First: That the United States
has treaty obligations regarding
the defense of Fommosa. True, but
at th? same time that the treaty
was before the Senate Secretary
Dulle, was specific that it had no
beariig on the offshore islands.
"The position on the offshore is
lands " hesaid, "is unaffected by
this treaty? Their status is neither
promoted by the treaty, nor is it
demoted by the treaty." (Press
Release 686, Dec. 1, 1954.)
Second: The President is au
thorized by Congress to employ
our armed forces to protect these
islands. To be wholly accurate,
the language of Congress refers
to "the protection of such related
. . . territories . . . as he judges
to be required or appropriate in
assuring 4he defense of Formosa
The question the American peo
ple aie concerned with is not one
of legal authority (which under the
Congressional resolution is e:t to
the President's conscience), but
sather with the question of the
common sense of war over these
offsho-e islands.
Poif t three. The statement says
that the seizure of the offshore
island i by the (mainland Govern
ment would be a seizure of new
territory and therefore, a viola
tion of the principles on which
world order is based.
This perverts simple words. The
principles on which world order
is basd (whatever they may be)
are not involved at all. Twc Chi
nese forces are contending over
Chinese coastal islands w h i e h
quite obviously have much more
effect on the security of the main
land (as the present state of the
Port of Amoy demonstrates) than
Staff Meeting
The first staff meeting of The
Daily Tar Heel will be Wednes
day, Sept. 17, at 2 p.m. All peo
ple who have worked on the pa
per and all interested students
are urged to attend. No journalis
tic experience is necessary
work on The Daily Tar Heel.
to
Credits And Debts
This issue of The Daily Tar
Heel was made possible through
the efforts of managing editor
Clarke Jones and assistant ad
vertising manager John Minter.
The two plu- the editor were
responsible for almost the entire
issue and the editor wishes to
extend his gratitude for their
effort in making this is.sue possible.
upon that of rormosa (except as
a base for invading the mainland).
Points four and five. These para
graphs state that the Chinese Com
munists have been bombarding
Quemoy, that after their radio
has also been threatening an at
tack on Formosa (as, indeed, it
has for eight years), but that neith
Chinese Communist intentions to
invade nor the capacity 0f Chiang
Kai-Shek to defend Quemoy are
clear.
All of this is true, so far as it
goes. But it does injustice to our
capacity to discern Chinese inten
tions, on both sides - Two inten
tions, are pretty clear. One Chiang
Kai-Shek s, to embroil the United
Siates with his enemies, the Com
munists; the other, the Commun
ist intention to drive the United
States into conflict over an issue
s0 unimportant as to lose us the
support of .all our friends, and
1
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V
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV
which can never De finally set
tled in our favor, since the Com
munists could always control the
fighting. The tensions which they
can create at will would further
erode the confidence in American
leadership.
Points six, seven, and eight.
These points are worth close at
tention. They begin by saying that
Congress has declared that For
mosa in friendly hands is essen
tial to the vital interest of the
United .States; that Congress has
authorized the President to de
fend Formosa and ("under certain
circumstances") the offshore is
lands; that ' while he-is not clesr
yet that these circumstances ex
ist, if he thought they did exist,
he would defend them; that the
defense of Quemoy has become
increasingly related to the defense
of Formosa, and finally that this
action "would forecast a wide
spread use of force in the Far
East" and would "threaten peace
everywhere." In conclusion the
statement urges he Chinese Com
munists to renounce force in the
Formosa area.
This is the "falling domino"
argument which we heard some
years ago about Indochina. There
it is that, if the -small islands are
captured, thus Quemoy will be
' aptured. if this occurs, Formosa
will fall. Then Southeast Asia,'
and so on until the United States
is imperiled. But now there is an
added note. This is furnished by
an interpretation of the statement
by "a high-ranking American" of
ficial as meaning that, if Chiang
Kai-shek cannot hold Quemoy,
American fighting men will be
sent in to do so. That official was
Secretary Dulles. In short, the de
cision seems now to have been
made to defend Quemoy, even
though it leads t0 world war.
Let us see what justifies so hor
rendous a decision. To do so re
quires a review of the premises
on which this justification for
world war is founded. Is For
mosa in friendly hands essential
to the vital interests of the United
States? Congress certainly has
been led to say so.
But Congress cannot make some
thing true wiuch is not true. Four
times between 1948 and 1950 our
highest military authorities con
cluded that this proposition was
not true and did not justiiy Amer
ican military action.
But, hvowever, that may be,
it is not involved here. The im
mediate question here is whether
the defense of Quemoy is vital to
the defense of Formosa. The New
port statement does not face this
quite frauxiy. What it says is that
"the securing and protecting of
Quemoy and Matsu have .increas
ingly become related to the de
fense of Taiwan (Formosa)." This
is a very different thing. What is
really meant is that, after the
President's mesage to Congress in
1953 on "unleashing" Chiang Kai
shek, he was unleashed just enough
to permit the incredible folly of
transporting about a third of his
forces to the untenable Quemoy.
The obvious goal to be souhgt is
to get them back again. Whatever
might at one time have been said
for the utility of Quemoy as an
advance defense against a weak
regime without air or sea power,
in the face of present Chinese air
and rocket power it can be de
fended only by general war with
China as Mr. Dulles, indeed, as
serts. The Chinese Nationalists
have been quite frank that the
coastal islands are held for offen
sive and not defensive purposes.
See statement of Nationalist Maj.
Gen. Yin Tien-chia, New York
Times, July 18. 1957.
The fact that the matter is that
our Government has most unwise
ly maneuvered itself, with the help
of Chiang Kai-shek, into a situa
tion of which it has lost control.
Either the Nationalists or the Com
munists, or both, can at any mo
mentthis is one of them preci
pitate us into war or back down.
The attitude of the Administra
tion is that nothing will be done
?v t : - - : -" :
i. x A s
sv :
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER
to extricate ourselves from this
position during periods of quiet,
and that nothing can be done
about it in times of crisis. This is
an attitude which ought not to be
tolerated.
Already, once this summer, the
Administration has been given a
start in extracting itself from the
consequences of its own misjudg
ment by helpful friends in the
United Nations. Another session is
about to begin. I suggest that the
conferences at Newport might be
enlarged to include some cool
headed friends ftom other coun
tries which would be affected by
the forecasted "widespread use of
force" which "would threaten
peace everywhere." This is es
pecially appropriate since none of
them were consulted when in 1954
, 55 the Government of the United
States embarked upon the poicy
which now concerns them all so
deeply. They doubtless remember
that President Eisenhower- con
cluded his message to Congress of
Jan.24, 1955, asking for the au
thority to defend Formosa with
these words: "In all that we do
we shall remain faithful to our
obligations as a member of the
United Nations to be ready to set
tle our international disputes by
peaceful means in such a manner
that international peace and secur
ity, and justice, are not endangered."
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Just Chattin
Davis B. Young
I remember well that day just twelve months
ago as I walked down the streets of Princeton, N. J.,
for the last time shaking hands with friends, merch
ants, local juvenile deliquents and old ladies. "I had
mixed emotions."
I was glad to be bugging out, but didn't kno.v
what lay ahead. The road to Chapel Hill from mv
doorstep is 471.29 miles, and I knew it would be a
long time till yours truely would 'make the Yankee
scene again.'
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LA'x,.;. y i
QUEMOY "AND MATSU The preparation for an atomic war?
As I drove off in
the afternoon, I passed
many of the spots that
I will always remem
ber. There was my
home, where I'd spen4
many years mowing
the lawn and fighting
with ma mere et mon
pere; old Princeton U.
and its 'ivory towers';
Marquand. Park, where
we played touch foot
ball in the afternoon
and necked at night; Saks' Fifth Ave TTnivoncu.,
Store, "tvhere I peddled overpriced colthes to un-
derpnveleged prep school kids and a local gin mill
that sold vodka martinis to anyone with the money
I drove on down the N. J. Turnpike and over into
Delaware and Maryland right into Washington D C
where I spent the night. My mother wanted to go to
the Capital Building, I wanted a beer and my father
was too bushed to protest. We v?ent our separate
ways for the evening.
Bright and early in the a.m., we went "on the
road" again. Straight down the Shirley Highway
and on to Route 1 heading ever onward for Hender
son, N. C, where we'd switch on to Route 15 and
head into Durham.
As I drove on through the miserably hot after
noon, my thoughts turned to what lay ahead I
wondered whether I was going to be in a school full
of off-season cotton pickers. I wondered whether
fellas had belt buckles across their posteriors. I
hoped there would be some nice girl waiting in the
Tempo Room, which I'd read about somewhere. May
be she'd buy me a tall Bud and swing around the
town with me for awhile. I though about what my
rocmates would look like. I figured they'd be south
ern gentlemen and make it rough on an uncouth
Yankee. I looked forward to fraternity rush, where
I figured all of the houses would bid with equal
vigor to pledge me up. And vvhat about McGuire's
basketball team and their 32 game streak? Maybe
they'd go undefeated again and I could go home
and laught at all my friends at Yale and Dartmouth
with their de-emphasized athletic programs.
Mile after mile we sped on, ever onward, further
and further.
All of a sudden I was there. The Mecca of Amer
ican college towns. Chapel Hill in all its splendor.
A maze of clothing stores that thrive on student
trade, big football players, the Rathskeller and the
Student Union. Orientation Week started the next
day and with it came receptions with the Chancellor,
physical exams given by youthful interns, pretty
junior transfers with an eye on an engagement
ring, lectures on the Honor System, the Book Ex
and the Goody Shop.
My roomates were there too and weren't any
thing like what I had expected. One was a big tall
Yankee, who'd recently migrated to Georgia." The
other was a rugged little guy from a small town in
North Carolina. I was-overpowered by it all.
I could understand what was going on, but was
unable to completely dissect my complex surround
ings. I wanted to do it all, even give one of those
coeds that ring she was looking for.
Orientation Week ended and the rigors of aca
demic endeavors commenced. It was "up in the
mornin' and work all day." I began to find out that
this place was no picnic. I wouldn't have time for
that coed and that beer would just have to wait for
a rainy day.
Pretty soon the first semester ended and I was
able to survey my accomplishments, small as they
were. Coming back to the dorm I was amazed to
see several friends packing to go home. They'd
flunked out. Now I knew what they meant when
they said only 40 will finish.
Yes sir, it's September again and school bells
ring all over America. In Vermont little children
go off to kindergarten, in Chicago there's a gram
mar school opening and in Princeton, N. J., the old
high school is once again swinging open its doors.
And in Chapel 'Hill old UNC is kicking off another
academic season.
Here, many of you will fall by the wayside.
Many of you will be unhappy. Some will say it's
okay here, but wished they'd gone to State or Duke.
Others will fall in love with this campus as I have
done. They will respect its liberalism, recognize its
failures, and become a part of something they will
never lose.
Some will leave after a few weeks. Others will
join the USAF after two years. Forty percent will
collect that sheepskin after four years. No matter
what the duration of your stay at Carolina, you will
profit to some degree.
A football game, exams, coeds, beer, fraternity
parties, Playmakers, Graham Memorial and Ry Jt-f-feries
are what you'U find here. These are the tra
ditions, the memories you will carry from UNC.
And now I've completed my obligation to the
Editor. I've written my column and I'm going over
to the Tempo for a beer in the afternoon. Maybe that
girl is waiting there now.
I'm a. Yankee in Paradise.
(i