AO TWO
TH1 DAILY TAR HEEli
Armed Forces
Tod. iy is Vitcr.m's I.iy, alias Armistice
D.iy. alias Tuesday, lor what needs to be said
at this jinn lure could he said at any time and
any place, hut had better be acted upon soon.
Out on one of the fields of this University
theie will be a group of students marching.
One group will wear blue uniforms; the oth
er will vc;r bluish-gray. Both are in the pro
cess of defending the United States of Amer
ica. All the students among the group are be
ing partially or totally subsidized by federal
funds. All aie being trained.
Last week, the Air Force unveiled a fighter
plane capable of flying at twice the speed of
sound. This is ; n incredible achievement,
but what is ruoie incredible is the fact that
this plane with the money and hours of plan
ning and labor that went into it is obsolete or
will be within si months. Vet, a mass of
public funds went into its creation, and
njual masses are going into the creation of
items of wailaie which will do nothing con
stitutive but utilize some of the public
funds to put many to work for the anticipa
tion of a war in which the reticle that this
many is winking on will be useless.
I he pioblems posed are three-fold. The
cionmii ptohUm'of a country built on mili
taiv rxpendituie is pi itn.ei y. The problem
ol militaiv planning is secondary. The prob
lem nl sriviic organization is tertiary. The
human l.tiini minis as ove r and above all
these fin i-t. and Miust be icalized in connec
tion with cmc h.
In ;n aitiile mitten by Felix Motley in
Modem Age and given to all licshinen in the
spiiial lihy advaiued gtoup, the author
points .itli some validity to the commif
nieiit that 1 1 it United States has made to
d lensr as. being a iti'eessity for the preserva
tion ol a natioii.d economic bilance. In
shot!, he points out that the United States is
lonmiiitid to pi eparaion ' for war.
lie buks his up. 'by showing the plight
the United Males would piesently be in if
aiinaimnt spending would have not such a
high ptiotiiy on the- list o appropriations. He
shows a piitute of massive unemployment
and a iciession that would not only curl
one's hait but would no doubt make one
bald. Foity billion dollars is a lot of money
and suppotts many people.
If the eountiy is so committed to a war
economy then, how can the United States
piesiiit a pi. ;e-loving face to other nations.
The answer to this is simple. It can't. It
tiies ipiite hud. but it comes ensnarled in
its own elloits whenever such questions as
disarmament and cessation of testing comes
up. The 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 usually will come out, and it
has done so on many occasions.
Mow can one reverse this trend? This is
mote dillic nit to answer, but can be. The
1 1 end can be tevc ised in several ways. First,
legislators must realize that defense is not
the only vital factor in the nations economy
that things such as foreign aid, school con
stitution, and many others have as high or
aigher piiority in making this country a vital
fence. I hey must cut through the swath of
piopaganda that makes every 'request respect
able and needed in order to find out just
exactly wlut is necessary and vital to the na
tion's defense, and in what areas America's
competition is improving. It must channel
what money is necessary into this area, but
with an eye for the imortancc of such things
as education. School construction, road
building, and foreign aid may place Ameri
can limine cs in dilferent areas, but it will not
ta lie ally endanger Ihe Americ an economy.
At some time or another, the overall military
establishment must be reduc ed , and the
money placed sttategic ally. Not only will the
people ol the United States save money, but
some of ih' mote worthwhile goals America
should be stiiving for free and competent
education for all to the best of each person's
individual ability might become a reality.
but how can one strategically place the
needed defense money. The answer is not
simple. It is even mote complex when a re
poit such as the' ( laither tcjxnt of Russian
itiilit.it stiength has never been released so
th.it the ueeessaiy fads are in the hands of
the legislitors. However, certain t can
be clediK ted.
'I he day of the manned aire raft is in its
twiljght if r.ot already moved on into the day
of the missile. Hence any increase or con
tinuation of high level expenditure for the
constitution of airplanes is useless and a
chain on the taxpayer.
The de yeloptnent of cruisers, destroyers,
and ;i it c raft c arriers is likewise getting to be
outdated ;is the Russians have realized long
befote us, and have been able to capitalize on
by concentrating their naval force on sub
marine construction. Pioject Polaris, the sub
marine to air missile is the largest single
woithwhile development of the present mili
t.uy establishment. Coupled with atomic sub
inaiine development, the Navy has shown at
least in part a forward look.
The thiid factor that needs to be looked
at is the army. There are two types of war
to pupate for. In a limited war the readi
ness of only a limited amount of men is nec
essary to sustain the United States in a res
pee table "deefnsive posture" as George Wash
ington put it in his Farewell Address:
Hence, the necessity for the draft as it is
now, is somewhat limtied. If the war is to lc
Continued On Column Seven
An Address
Marion A. Wright
(The following is the conclusion of an address made before
tlie Charlotte-Mecklenburg Council on Human Relations)
We have been concerned thus far only with affirmative action
to destroy constitutional rights, best typified by the 'decree, the edict
or the legislative act. But such rights may also be negatively de
stroyed. Here the procedure is relatively simple:1 Merely fail to
support or uphold the rights. The results are identical in either
case; individuals have been denied rights which the - Constitution
and courts have said are theirs. There is no difference in morals or
in practical effect between suspension of a constitutional right by
formal decree, on the one hand, and by non-enforcement, on the
other. The individual whose home has been searched without a
warrant, whose printing presses have been stopped, or who has been
kept out of a school is hardly concerned with the precise method
used to deprive him of a right the Constitution and Court have said
is his. All that concerns him is that he has been the victim of des-
potic power.
One struck by lightning i$ only academically interested in wheth
er the bolt which hit him is positive or negative electricity.
... . ,
Nor docs the number cf persons who exercised the power make
any appreciable difference. It, may be one man a Hitler a Mussolini
or a Stalin or it may be a few or many acting in concert a governor
and a legislature, or a school board who have thus made a mockery
of the constitution thoy were sworn to uphold. Tyranny is tyranny,
whether or one or many.
There is no scale by which rights guaranteed by a, constitution
may be weighed and compared with each other. All are of equal
sanetiity, equally entitled to support. An assault upon one is an as
sault upon the Constitution itself .It is no more and no less repre
hensible to strike clown the right to attend a public school than to
strike clown the right of assembly or of worship.
Individuals who applaud the one run the grave risk that they
will be confronted by other invasions not so agreeable. The people,
beguiled in the one instance, may be shocked in others. Liberties
perish not so much by inundation as by erosion.
Surely, it is not necessary tolabor an obvious point. The denial
of the right of school attendance is a bald suspension of a consti
tutional right. But, as the dark and bloody record of tyranny reveals
one suspension is not enough. The attack upon the right of school at
tendance was merely the beginning. It has been followed by other
gross invasions of personal liberty. Teachers' oaths; , law requiring
that organizations bare theri memberships; laws designed to forbid
aid to litigants in Civil Rights cases; congressional and state inquisi
tions into groups favoring observance of law; discharge of professors,
legal harassment of liberal or even moderate newspapers there has
been a host of repressive actions designed to stiffle dissent.- Non
official action everywhere has been blown into flame. We in North
Carolina have not stooped to much of this folly.
This violence to constitutional principles' has been, accomplished
by the ancient technique of, frist, planting in men's minds fear ct
a minority, creating av bogeyman, and next, depicting its organiza
tional spokesmen as menaces to "our institutions." If the shades of
Hitler, or Mussolini, or Stalin could crawl up tot he edge of the pit
they would confer their benediction upon what here transpires.
When those who now seek to deprive certain human beings of
their rights first emerged into public notice these governors, legisla
tors, school boards they were champions and protectors of the rights
of all men. Such is the familiar and historic role of the demagogue.
The people have nursed such men into power. Having been thu3
elevated, their true characters are revealed. What we now behold is
the ugly image of tyranny.
Dress it up in all the pretty words in the dictionary, it is stiil
tyranny. It follows the historic pattern. It uses th; tools. Its leaders
strike the poses. It seeks the same ends. Unchecked, it will run th?
same course.
It not only can happen here. It is happening here.
On Writing
Sidney Dakar
Recently a friend of mine said
she was a poetess. At first thought
I said that she wasn't, yet. I
pointed out that even though she
had written over thirty poems,
some of .them quite long, that she
would have to sell some of them
tefore she could really call her
self a poetess.
After giving this some thought I
realized how wrong my thinking
had been. Why should selling
poems be a criterion of sucess in
this field, as indeed it is? If she
believes she is a poetess and
writes poems, which may or may
not be called good by various peo
ple, then in reality she is a poe
tess. Who is a critic to' judge just how
good a poem really is? Who has
the right, merely by writing a
critical review in the influential
press, to make or break a young
author? How do these critics
know how much emotion was
poured into these writings? True,
any great writing must produce
the same emotions in the reader
as the author had while writing
the work. But the critic can't pos
sibly determine what affect the
reading of a certain m work will
have on the millions of individuals
that might read it. It seems to
me that about (the only, thing) the
critic can do is to pass upon the
technical construction of poetry.
Some of our greatest poems and
novels in the world could not be
sold for more than a few dollars,
if at all. Many great manuscripts
gathered dust for years before
some publisher would even agree
to pay the printing costs. Emily
Bronte finally sold, her WUTHER
INGG HEIGHTS for about $10 of
today's money. The publisher kept
the work for several years - and
finally sold it back to Miss
Bronte for the same price. Final
ly, it was published. At least one
author, Maugiiam, thought that
WUTHERING HEIGHTS was one
of the ten best novels ever writ
ten. The list is endless of authors
who died without a penny and
without any "recognition of their
works. Now these authors are pro
claimed masters of the craft, as
I am sure many of, theunknowa
authors of today will be in the
year 2000.
Of course there is. no, absolute
determination of greatness. Great
ness is merely defined by the gen
eration in question. The next few
generations may and usually . do
have, a completely different idea
of greatness. It is too bad that the
only scale of greatness out civili
zation has is fame.
"Wliat Do I Do Now, George?"
n The
Harrison Salisbury .,
In the fury of political propa
ganda set off by the award of the
Nobel Prize for Literature there
is serious danger that the nature
of Boris Pasternak and his work
may be cast into the shadow.
. What the Nobel committee has
done is to pay homage to. the nor
bility . of man, to the courage of
the solitary hero, to the individual
as opposed to the mob. It has hon
ored not only a literary talent but
a philosophy of life and a life
lived according to that philosophy.
, There has been .some surprise
that out of the charnel house of
art erected by Stalin should arise
a gift so free and vaulting, a mind
that shrugs off shackls, a poet of
humanity, a critic not only of the
land which hedistinguishes by his
presence but of the age and civili
zation of which he is a part.
Such surprise is rooted in an un
awareness of the dialectics of na
ture and in an undervaluation of
the force of human spirit. Indeed,
it may be that only in Russia, on
ly in a soil deep scarred' With
ideological plows, could such gen-"
ius be nurtured. The hardsh knout
of Russian dictatorship ha's
yielded uus a century of poeti.
philosophers, creators, and think
ers. If Czarist intrigue set the
stage for the deaths of Pushkin
and Lermontov, if Dostoievslty
faced a Czarist firing squad and
went in exile to Siberia, if Tol
stoy, Chekhov, and Turgenev felt
the hand of Russian censorship
and Russian oppression theorld
engraved their names in -golden
letters. The names of thetr per
secutors are long forgotten. Pas
. ternak's life and work are in the
great tradition.
The official Soviet detractors
have said that in "Dr. Zhivago"
Pasternak has betrayed the Bolsh
evik Revolution and provided his
country's enemies with a useful,
weapon. Such rubbishy talk mere
, ly betrays how little these men
understand what Pasternak is
about.
It is true that he rejects "the
modern coddling and worshiping
of man,"- holding that such sys-
OTC c5TUEDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 19S8
- III J'tjti.y
(Armed Forces Cont.)
full scale, the foot soldier Will be of limited
value, if of any value at all, since the war
may last but a few days or less depending on
; how many nuclear missiles can be launched
in how much time and how accurately they
will be launched. There are those who would
say that the two opposing governments may
agree on ground rules respecting nuclear
weapons, but there should be a reminder
made that no weapon has ever been created
that has not been used, and no -weapon will
not be used when a country is threatened
by losing its identity, and the people in
charge wih losing their power.
The United States under the present situa
tion'would probably be the first to use these
weapons, for at present the U. S. is in a
good position to be losing a war. Hence, a
commitment to sheer manpower would be
foolish. Hence although many key industries
would suffer from loss of business, the coun
try would not be weakened by shifting em
phasis and cut back.
Finally, the government must realize that
the threat of Communism isreal, and the
forces amassed against the United States are
united in their defense and in their outlook.
It would seem rather ridiculoii&..at!;the pres
ent timerfor the United Stat&vmirrtary estab
lishment to be divided against' $tsflf, but the
fact remains that it is. The Army,;' Navy, and
Air Force, not to mention the .-jyiarines are
in a minor war against each other for supre
macy, causing the United States no smaty
amount of lost time, money,.and knowledge
in red tape, bickering, and research overlap!
Internal competition is fine when it serves a
purpose, but when it tears into the entire
military establishment, it destroys the
strength of the United States, and in doing
so gives the best reason in the world for com
bining the three forces into one United
States defense unit under a single head.
Veteran's Day
Veteran's Day was created. in order to hon
" or the Veterans of American Wars.
Originally it was Armistice Day, named
to honor the World War I dead in the name
of the day that ended that war.
the tendency of conformist, ma- lt must today be sc aside 325 a d oE
terialist America. The Soviet prop- tragedy, where human life has. been sacrificed
agandists who suppose that Pas- or utilized for the ambitions of a few.
ternak has merely stripped from It must be looking forward to the day
Communist file its veil of sham when men, turned rational, will be able to
and hypocrisyh ave missed the avert war, and breed understanding amongest
mark entirely. Pasternak's indict- tne people of this world,
ment covers the Organization Man Tll;s js not too mucn to as
as well as the Party Man.
"The fashion' he writes, "now-
aHflvs ie all frw arminc nrM en.
cieties of every sort. Gregarious- In this week's issue. o The RePorter, Ed
against the miscarriage of the ness is always the refuge of medi- wa?ra K- lVlurw pointed a cnarge against
Revolution, against the "fanatical ocrities, whether they swear by the radio-television industries for their fail
men of action with their one-trac2 " Soloviev or Kant or Marx. Only lire to grapple with the presentation of ideas
minds" who fill the world with individuals seek the truth." on the air waves in favor of the western and
. This is the heart of Pasternak, soap operas.
His lovers are concerned with "the Speaking of the industry, .Murrow pointed
riddle of life, the riddle of death, to tne complete lack of programming de-
the enchantment of genius, the - d to shake the comfortable situation of
enchantment of unadorned beau- , : r,; n
llic luuiuiuu -rviiici lean dim awais.tii mm iu
C f t"
' If" .jr-' t
Pasternak Award
terns are based on a false pre
mise and "pathetically amateur
ish." He has little faith in current
practicts of social betterment in
Russia, but he concedes that there
have been "wonderful, unforget
table" achievements in the care
of -workers, the protection of moth
ers, and the curbing of the money
power. Of the Revolution itself
an4 of Lenin Pasternak speaks in
terms of awe. His attack is
Communications
fanaticism which "is worshiped
for decades, thereafter for cen
turies." And he is repelled by the
"revolutionary- madites s" the
mass guilt feeling which produced
a compulsive desire to confess
even to confess false crimes.
Even these profound caveats
are secondary, however, to the
basic conflict between Pasternak
and the order in which he finds
himself. This conflict has to do
with the nature of life and of liv
ing, of the relationship between
the individual and society.
"Man, says Pasternak, is
born to life, not to prepare for
life. Life, itself, the phenomenon
of life, the gift of life is so
" breathtakingly serious. So why
substitute this childish harlequin
ade of immature fantasies, these
schoolboy escapades?
"When I hear people speak of
reshaping life it makes me lose
my self-control and I fall into
despair," he says. "Reshaping
life! People who can say that have
never understood a thing about
life they have never felt its
breath, its heartbeat, however
much they may have seen or
done. They look on it as a lump
of raw material that needs to be
processed by them, to be en-
ty" and not with "the small wor
ries of practical life things like
the reshaping of the planet." They
the realities of a troubled world in which he
lives.
tt - tj r i r .1 1 1. C
live in the imminent presence of "e tom iuriner or me complete ia ui
death. Tragedy is their ehaperon. news presentation unbroken by commercials,
Lonely they live and lonely die. and the. increase of the five-minute news
But in their life they are com- broadcast in which the resultant program is
plete in themselves. They expect something less than what should be news
nothing and they are not disap- in form ins. the public adequately.
Pojd- " out of this solitary He showed ironically how the Federal
contemplation that Pasternak has Communications Commission was urging
gathered the strength to fulfill,
coming from the networks. i
The problem of the 'conviTuinications in
dustries is acute. Only on Survey afternoon
Perhaps, as Pasternak suggests, are people subjected to anything; worthwhile,
it is only when "all customs and and much of this is watered jcknvn to be tin
traditions, all our way of life, ev- controversial. y
erything to do with home and or- Mr. Murrow has himself presented chal
der, has crumbled into dust in lenging programs and, as af re$ult, his See
the general upheaval and reorgan- t Now is no longer beingtetevhed.
ization of society,' only after the Mr fIIrrnw r-UThtW Xt tU mm-
munications industry will one ejlay reap the
reward for their lack of endeaVor. The re
ward may well be the decay pf American
j . '
iiciiiuc i ill y. i
as he says, his duty as a writer,,
to bear witness as an . artist,; to
write of the times through which
he has lived.
whole "human way of life has
been destroyed and ruined" that
we finally perceive "the naked
human soul stripped to the last
shred." ;
Such is Pasternak's message to
r
As Mr. Murrow says, the economic dent
the world to his own Revolution- in the network binlget would not be so grea-t
nobled by their touch. But life is wracked Russia and to our slick as to prohibit more serious fare on television.
never a material, a substance to
be molded . . . Life is constantly
renewing and remaking and
changing and transfiguring itself
Thus, Pasternak takes his stand
and sets himself apart from the
modern tendency, not only the
tendency of his own country but
technocratic society. It is prob- Maybe his words will be heeded.
ably only in the fire and stress of
forty desperate years that this
brave, resonant philosophy could
be forged. Once again to Russia
are we indebted for revealing to
us the triumph, of man over the
attp tEar ft eel
The official student publication of the Publication
world in which he lives. From Board of the University of North Carolina, where it
The Saturday Review
Letters To The Editor
GEMS OF THOUGHT
If you have great talents,, in
dustry will improve, thtmi if but
moderate abilities .industry unll
supply their deficiencies. Sam
uel Smiles
Nothing splendid has ever been
achieved except by those who
dared believe that something in
side them was superior to cir
cumstance. Bruce Barton
You have proclaimed your desire to arouse the
campus since the beginning of your campaign last
year and v you have tried to accomplish this in a
great many ways1 this year, often using issues of
questionable validity. Now you have dug to the bot
tom of the heap and come up with the nastiest in
sinuation of all. I am referring to your editorial of
Nov. 5, concerning the bi-partisan board selections
for candidates for Women's lienor Council. Had
you taken the time to inquire 'about those things
which you questioned, I think you would have sepn
for yourself that the implications in your questions
were completely unfounded.
I don't intend to try to answer all of your ques
tions because' I'm sure the able chairman of IVom-
is published daily
except Monday and
examination periods
and summer terms.
Entered as second
en's Honor Council can and will da a better job of class matter in the
it, I only wonder why you didn't do V little inves- post etme in Chapel
tigating before you isued forth your intimations.
As I recall from a high school journalism course,
a good reporter (and I'm sure this would, apply to
editors, also) always find out "who what, when,
where, and why" before he writes the article Per
haps a short review of these basics would be bene
ficial to you.
The campus has the right to know the news ani
I'm under the impresion that you are in charge of
.ft
Hill, N. .., under
the act of March 8
1870. Subscription
rates: $4.50 per se
mester, $8.50 per
vear.
Si
-- J -.-...7.,-. V.
I I We a V- v-'.v- "'1 !
seeing that this right is fulfilled. Is it wrong, to ask Uana2inS Editors
for a few answer ard fewer questions?
JAN COBBS
CHARLIE SLOAN,
CLARKE JONES
Business Manager
WALKER BLANTON