riai
TUB DAILY TAR HEEL
CCC f SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1M
TWO
eta rca
States Rights
Now. in modern America, there is really no
Mith thing as states rights, and there no longer is
a heed for this concept 'n American government.
Surely at the present time the states think they
have rights, and many exercise these in contradic
tion to the federal government. However, the evolv
ing form of American government is toward in
creasing centralization in which the public will is
manifccd most notably through the elections of
president, senator, and representative. Whatever
the purpose- the, slate served before, its purpose has
radically changed. It is now a political stepping
stone, a place for implementation of services, and
a further place for political patronage.
T ry little is done on the state level that is not
a Reaction one way or another to the dictates of;
the federal government, and in the modern age this
has to be the case.
The lines of communication and transportation
an- so tightened that it now takci about four hours
to get from one end of the country to another. In
sonic arras it is a matter of minutes from one
state to any of two or three other states. Yet, for
some reason unknown to modern science people
stil think in terms of state lines, and most often
are more patriotic to the state than to the nation.
The states at the pvesent time arc a hindrance
to tjie development of America. In many states the
development of natural resources is hindered by
the policies of the state government; in others there
is ;igrcit waste of these resources.
The states in the south have made the question
of states rights, a question of supremacy, and it is
hig&time that the federal government showed out
supreme.
There is no action that Congress cannot take
that the states can if Congress can prove that it is .
promoting the general welfare or implementing one
of its ' delegated powers, and at the present time
proving that speciifcation is easy.
The question arises as to why states rights should
be. and the answer is that they should not.be. This
docs not mean that the elimination of state rights
would do away with state official or city officials,
but it does mean the establishment of the supre
macy of the national government, the adoption a
uniform set of laws and instead of the delegation
of powers to the federal government, the -delegation
of powers to the state nad local governments in a
hierarchical structure emanating tlow'h from the fed
eral government. ' ' . '
If nothing else, this would insure a ; certain
amount of equality of justice and equality of op
portunity, by eliminating state laws which are in
conflict with other state laws. An example of this
is the divorce law which ranges from adultery be
nig the sole grounds lor divorce in New York to
almost anything being adequate grounds in Nevada.
Clearly, a certain amount of uniformity over the
United States wouuld be beneficial.
State and local management would be up to the
l.ile covernrnrnt, subject to the regulation . of the
federal government in defining Jurisdiction.
The preservation of states rights is harmful at
this stac of the game when everything in the world
depends on the people assuming a broader nation
al or international view of problems.
It is probably a little too earlv in the century to
cry for the abolition of states rights, but like the
drinking rule on the Carolina campus, states rights
represents a useless holdover from the past that is
making successful demagogues out of a few small
men. If the majority ol the public ever awakened
to reality, they would find that states rights Is
a myth. ' . '. -
A couple of days ago Governor Lindsay Almond
refused to raise the flag of the United States over
the flag of the state of Virginia in much the same
manner as the United States refuses to have the
United Nations flag above its own on the flag pole.
There must come soon a conscious realization that
both are wrong, before the flag raised on the pole
is the hammar and sickle of the Soviet Union.
except Monday and
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.111
er
Ed Rowland
before was . ordered.
This week the big news was the
push of the Russians to try and -force
the Allies out of West Ber
lin, the outpost in the middle of
Communist East Germany.
Soviet Ambassador to West Ger
many Andrei Smirnov called - on
West German Chancellor Conrad
Adenauer and told him of "steps
which . the Soviet government in
tends to take to realize the liquida
tion of the occupation status of
Berlin."
-the mayor of the city, Willy
Brandt, told newsmen the city's
2.2 million citizens were going to
stay regardless of what the Reds
did. He said the three powers hold
ing the city had pledged to sup
port It.
The air and rail corridor through
East Germany to the city has
been turned over to the Germans
by the Russians In what probably
is the first step in putting the
squeeze on the city. This is what
happened in 194S-49 when the fa
mous Berlin airlift was under
taken to supply the isolated city.
The West German government
said the move by Smirnov was the
first step in a diplomatic and po
litical offensive against free West
Berlin.
Foreign envoys in Moscow arc
convinced the Kremlin means bus
iness In these latest moves. A
Pravda article accused the U. S.,
Britain and France of using the
occupation of West Berlin as "ven
omous weapons to poison the whole
atmosphere of Europe."
The diplomats almost unani
mously said the articles heralded
a policy called either "tough or
"hard."
In Washington top officials
pledged to stand firm in Berlin.
U. S. and British diplomats vir
tually completed drafting a de
fense plan for the city in case of
an attack. They said the three
alliees are in Berlin to stay and
they intend to keep open all land,
water and air routes to the city.
Geneva Talks
In other international events this
weeks the 10-nation East-West
talks in Geneva dragged on with
no real signs of a deadlock break.
The Western Powers did tell the
Reds for the Urst time what they
believe a system for preventing
surprise attacks should include.
Listed were mechanical devices
such as radar networks, recon
naissance flights by aircraft oper
ating on an open skies system, and
international inspection teams to
keep watch on such things as mis
sile sites.
The Russians were invited to
submit a list of their own and to
study these technical matters. But
the Russians turned their backs on
the proposals.
The West immediately blamed
this same hostility for the dead
lock prevailing in the other inter
national talk in Geneva the three
power conference on nuclear test
suspension problems.
Sec. of State Dulles said the U.
S. would keep pushing ahead in
hopes of breaking the deadlock.
"Fortissimo Pianissimo Fortissimo "
The official student publication of the Publication
C-oard of the University of North Carolina, where it
h published daily
in.
o y -
4v -
By the looks of things it is extremely pos-
The administration had decided sibly at the present time that Nelson Rock
efeller uill actively seek the Republican
presidential nomination.
Rockefeller is, ot course, at the present
time seeking to do a good job as governor
of New York, but he has ceased vehemently
denying that he would be a candidate for
the -'Republican nomination.
If Harold Stassen ,wiH keep relatively
quiet for the next year and a half, Vice-President
Richard Nixon won't be the nominee.
The country may yet be spared that fate.
to cut armed , force strength last
winter but action was held up un
til the Formosan and Lebanese
crises were over. All fort services
were ordered by Sec.- of Defense
Neil McElroy -to; make cuts in
. Labor Unions '
J A little.:. fctoier.; tO'': home, : Sen. .
Sam Ervin wound up a Senate
probe .of union boycotting with the
assertion that the Teamsters Un
ion ,' is thrusting Ma "snper law"
on the U. S. government!
, The - conduct of the- Teamsters'
bosses; ErVin saidj ' "makes jAttila
: the Hub appear bjr . comparison a
. very mild-mannered and : benevol
ent individuals '' -".
. Eryjn is acting chairman of the
Senate Rackets tommittee, which
, has been holding hearings W de
termine whether tighter laws ; are
needed , to curb secondary toycottsr
In a closing statement he Isaid the
headings have demonstrated i the;
: "callous w;ay in which this kind of
union uiuizes us massive piower xo i r
grind down its opposition v through - .
tactics terrbrismand violence." Colonialism has been established in the
And in. Virginia,- the scene of world for a long time, but its age is past. In-
tnree, city school systems cipsea deed the age of colonialism ought nev er to
have existed. Since it has, however, it is time
to be consistent with the principles of self
determination in a democracy and open Cy
prus to their won home rule.
The United States will probably ally with
Great Britain in trying to defeat this meas
ure, but if the United States ever took its
Cypr
us
Greechas used the right avenue for a pro
posal for an independent Cyprus namely
tlie-United Nations. Moreover, the proposal
"I'm not despondent," he told
newsmen.
In Paris angry exchanges er
upted in the fourth annual con
ference of NATO legislators on the
still unsetled questions of Cyprus
and Iceland.
Britain bore the brunt of an out
pouring of heated oratory from
the Icelandic and Greek members
of the conference, made up of
parliamentarians from the 15
NATO nations.
The British have been embroiled
with Greece for years over the
future of the British colony of Cyp
rus, whose half million population
is made up of a Greek majority
and a Turkish minority.
The Iceland crisis revolves
around Britains's refusal to recog
nize Iceland's recent extension of
the territorial waters limits for
fishing.
Despite efforts of Sen. Estes Ke
fauver of the conference political
committee, the disputes broke in
to the open. No reply was made
by the British to the attacks.
UN Talks
In other East-West talks, this
time at UN headquarters in New
York, the U. S. and its allies of
fered the Soviet Union concessions
they hope will lead to unanimous
UN agreement on exploration of
cuter space for peaceful purposes.
U. S. Ambassador Henry Cabot
Lodge discussed the concessions
with Soviet Deputy Foreign Minis
ter Valerian Zorin in a talk, and
Zorin forwarded them to the Krem
lin. The major difficulty in previous
suggestions was that the Reds
wanted U. S. -Russian parity in the
study group. The U. S.. wants to
avoid dividing the group into two
power blocs. No further develop
ments came during the latter part
of the week.
Also from UN headquarters Sec
retary General Dag Ilammarskjold
announced he was pulling all re
maining UN observers out of Le-:.
banon. He said they were no long
er needed. The observers were
placed in Lebanon before the U.
S. occupation to see that no in
filtration of arms from other na
tions came to the rebel forces.
Since then the rebel leader has ,
been elected president to replace
Camil Chamoun. No infiltration
has ben detected l?or some time,;
and Lebanon itself asked that. the
observers be withdrawn -.-.'.
Meanwhile, the United States be
gan shrinking its troop strength
as preparations began for a cut
ting down on the military budget.
A draft call of 7,0C0 men for Jan-
by massive ! resistance to Integra
tiori,, a . three ; mad Feder al court
wai iold 'Norfolk's closed system
would1 suffer disastrous effects if
the schools wfere not opened soon
The testimony- came from three
school. officials and r a veteran
teacher. They . testified , la a suit
Virginia's school closure Maw and principle seriously it would reconsider this
seeking the : reopening : of the action. The time to end die disease called
schools. ; - k : ; " ' colonialism is now, so that the U.S. can live
Th6 'state's T large daily; papers up to its stated purpose of self-determina-also
begaa questioning-the advis- tion for all people in a world in which in
ability of following Gov. Almond's dividual rights are respected by every govern
"massive j resistance'- to iategra- jjjgfj
tion, and the move has been called
a possible forerunner to a, relaxa
tion of the policy ;
Later, in Richmond, Gov., Al
mond -said' the U:S. flag Avon't
fly atop "the Virgmia 'flak' -on any
state-owned , buiMing: ; Old- Glory
. will be displayed only on an equal
basis side-by-side-with the flag
of the Commonwealth- ; - T-
BuUdmgs witi-Ae Mig '.ftalf
will be ordered to fly the Virginia
flag bhly Almond saidi i
The . Governor didn'tV waat his
Good Idea
A Raleigh Times editorial Thursday men
tions the announcement. of a TV vaccine de-
txtiiw- Rtjitiiiiit: bfc::ntrued veloped here. North Carolina researchers
as derogatory to the federal gov- are not responsible for that, but it might be
eminent or the national flag. Rath
er he said it seemed inappropri
ate to him to see the U. S. flag
displayed in a : position ' of domi-
a good idea. i.r.
uary 2,000 less tlian the mouth nance atop a state-cAvfied building.
Editor
CURTIS CANS
Managing Editors
CHARLIE SLOAN,
STAN FISHER
Business Manager
WALKER BLANTON
Coed Editor
JOAN BROCK
Advertising Manager
Asst. Adv. Manager
FRED KATZTN
JOHN WINTER
News Editor
ANN FRYE
Subscription Manager
AVERY THOMAS
Assistant News Editor
ED RTNER
Associate Editor
ED ROWLAND
Sports Editor
RUSTY HAMMOND
Assistant Sports Editor
ELLIOTT COOPER
Arts Editor
ANTHONY WOLFF
Circulation Manager
BOB WALKER
Night Editor
O. A. LOPE1
Berlin Problem
Chuck Flinner
"My son is an apprentice in a breWevy in Berlin. He barely makes
a living, but he is so happy just to continue living there. I would
like to return, but it is necessary to have employment in order to
remain. It is so crowded with incoming refugees." ,
The Berlin crisis is a living, human thing. This Berlin mother
who is now living in West Germany very near the East German
border is only one such example. She is proud of Berlin. Every Ber
liner is proud of Berlin, especially the Western sector, and every
West German is proud of West Berlin.
West Berlin products and fashions are in high demand in West
Germany, and Berlin culture is the best in Germany. The people
are among the friendliest and happiest in the world.
: Berliners must remain so. West Berlin under French, British
and American control is probably the finest example of the f rae
world in the communist controlled countries. It is entered daily by
refugees. There in the midst of depressing communist life is happy,
free, beautiful West Berlin. A miracle of reconstruction after total
destruction is visible to the visitor. It must be maintained.
1 Millions of American dollars and West German marks poured
into West Berlin in order to make it a showcase to the communist
worlds The effort has proved a success. There is a tremendous dif
ference between the well lighted, well paved, and well filled streets
of West Berlin and the drab, barren, dismal streets of the eastern sec
tor occupied by the Russians. Even Stalinallee, l he. best effort the
Russians could put forth, is pathetic in comparison to the Kurf ur
stendamm, the main street in? the British sector. ,
East Berjin still has rubble in the streets, shabbily dressed and
undernourished people in the majority, insufficient housing and
pathetic shops owned by the state. Coffee in one . such state owned
shop on Stalinallee costs $10 per pound. Women are employed for
heavy outdoor labor as well as directing traffic just beyond Branden
burg gate. ;
The 2.2 million inhabitants of West Berlin are depending on
free world aid to help them help themselves improve their living
standards and show the communist world what it Is missing. To give
up Berlin would cost the U. S. every friend in the rest of the free
world. i
What individual, what country in all the world could accept
American friendship if Berlin is lost? Who could America depend
on in a crisis if Berlin is surrendered?
It is our foot in the door to achieve a united Germany. That foot
must stay there. It is time to use the hard selL
Pip's
.1 i.
Quips
Pringle Pipkirh
The Student Legislature has
passed a bill authorizing the ' ap
pointment of a committee to in
vestigate the possibility of getting
the dirt area in Iront of Lenior
Hall paved.
I hope something comes of this
committee's w-ork. (
This bit of dirt is one of the few
main artery areas which has not
been paved. With students from
17 dormitories crossing this area
on their way to Lenior or the aca
demic buildings, it is one of the
most heavily traveled areas on the
campus.
On rainy days (or weeks as oft
en is) your shoes get muddy and
gravel is tracked into the build
ings. It comes off the students'
shoes and grinds up the finish on
the floor as well as increasing the
dust content of the air in the build
ings. While I realize the Buildings and
Grounds department cannot lay
walks everywhere, this area in
front of Lenior Hall should have
a right good priority by now.
A number of walks have been
laid around the new Ackland Art
Museum, and it looks as if there
might be a few bricks might be
left that could be put to good use.
. While this problem is not Any
more earth-shaking than getfirig; a
street lamp put up at the top "of
the stone stairs behind Lenior-Hall
successfully done last year), it
is an area in which student gov
ernment can do something which
will benefit the students.
It is good there are legislators
who do not mind concerning them
selves with ordinary problems
with practical solutions.
If the Legislature is going to
have any meaning to the average
student, a balance must be main
tained between idealistic and the
cjrejical const delations anl .the
everyday problems which concern
the students . .
Oh SfatemeriFs
Ron Shumate !
The joint statement released ..Thursday ..'by -the.roC.'.-IFC, 'anJ
the Student Council was a big disappointment.
We had been built up for some time: about the statement. Wo
were expecting a real, statement. Even; The .Raleigh Times -was In
terested in the statement. The faculty was ; interested in tho state
ment. EVERYONE was interested in the statement.- u
But the statement, let us down. Very little, if-anything at all,
was said that hadn't already been said. The IDC f resolution,8 passed
following a heated debate Wednesday, said more than the1 joint
A Discussion
One of the most interesting discussions
that this viewer witnessed was held when stu
dent leaders gathered with members from
the Visiting Committee of the Board of Trus
tees Friday in 'Lenoir Hall..
The discussion for a period of the time
that students and trustees were together was
statement. t ' ' ' ' " v s, . .- -
The only worthwhile thing to come out of the statement was the centered around the Carolina honor system
shifting of gambling cases from the IDC court to the Stuent Council, and its court structure.
As many of you may already know, this was done in order that uni
form justice might be - rendered to offenders: Heretofore the IDC . The trustees seemed a little amazed that
court was responsi ble for trying such offenders. But these .trials were jurors were selected on the basis of interest,
only of dorm : gamblers. The IFC, I being unable to ; try : fraternity and one frankly pointed out that we would
gamblers, either reprimanded offenders -or' sent f the 'cases-to the not like to be tried by a' jury of interested
Student Council. Therefore, students were being1 tried by two dif- individuals. Indeed, all of them had a dif li
ferent courts for thsame offense. - ; : ' ; n ' V cult time seeing the wisdom of jurors select
We all know that gamohng is "contrary to the University poll- b interest Xhe reneral feeling was that
cy established by the Board of Trustees, State law, the Campus Code, . y e"e teehng was that
IFC policy and IDC regulations,' The statement merely reminded us Jucro,rs shoul1d e selected from the great mass
of this fact. But the fact remains that we need to be reminded. . ?f the people, that a venire be taken from a
The poker '.pots are' -reaching astroniinicat figitfes.iSomefvthem jury box, and that the defense be able to
are rearhing into the hundreds, and a few into the thousands,-of rule out those whom he did not think would
dollars. !'f ": , ; ; give him a fair trial. They also pointed out
But we need more than reminding. All the reminding the facul- that there should be a nenaltv imDOsed for
i ii xTn a l n.- iL. ci.. J i : . ... - ' i
ly, me iub, me ij- v, mt; aiuuem utuutii, anu anyone cise, can puur
upon us will do no good unless, 'to borrow a phrase from IDG presi
dent Rudy Edwards, ''appropriate and efficient - action" is taken:
In the past, too many offenders have gone free witti ; merely: a
reprimand. We are, supposedly, no longer children,; and ; the poker
games we are playing are not children's games. Therefore, we should
not be treated as children by merely having our hands paddled when
ever we do wrong. - - ' . : . . :
So what are these three bodies going to do about the situation
other than "reaffirm lonu-standins University Doliev" To fo further.;
what CAN they do? They certainly can't station - guards in every ment leaders who opposed the bill including,
dorm room, every fraternity, and every other nook and cranny on President Furtado, Vice-President Cummings,
campus. They certainly can't force students to-turn their buddies, Treasurer Gray, and Attorney-General Rob-
or themselves in. ; :; v'C';' ' insbn were having a difficult time giving
To my knowledge, neither of the three bodies mentioned above feeble excuses as to why this system was not
has come up with a feasible solution. And I doubt that they will, in affect.
They have let things drift along for so long now, that the Situation
has reached such a point that, as the IDC resolution says,-'Trouble Their difficulty in explaining was no more
could arise and such trouble would not be an asset to the reputation than the difficulty of the trustees and the
of the University of North Carolina.- It looks like we'll have to other students in understanding their explan-
mark gambling as a debit to an expense accouhc here. Because it atfons
seems that the trouble has already arisen. And it definitely isn't an
asset to the University. ; ' ' " -! . Eventually one trustee took up for the ex-
Someone may be able, in the future, to slow the gambling down, plainers and thought of the difficulty of time
but it will never be stopped completely. And unless someone does in selecting juries However the answer to
something drastic and unless they do .it .oon," the problem wiU jon- tMs objection be work;d out procedu.
tmue to grow, and grow and grow. And then one day our children n .V, . t. u j rr r
will enter as freshmen at the "Casino University.". - - rally without having the accused suffer for
But I guess the root of the whole problem summed up aptly the adequacies of the system. Maybe the
by Balzac when he-saidThe gambling passion lurks.. "at Tlie bot trustees. can talk some sense into student gov-
tom of every heart." We've reached the bottom. - . ernment. ,
all those who refused to serve on a jury, and
were slightly appalled when they found out
that the defendant was usually not provided
with a defense attorney.
Generally their wonder would have been
alleviated if the Greer bill with the John
Brooks-Norman B. Smith additions had been
passed. As it wTas not, those student govern-