Friday, February 5, JL965
Volume 72, Number 80
The National Observer
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72 Years of Editorial Fresdoza
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Published dally except Mondays, examination periods and vacations, throughout the aca
demic year by the Publications Board of the University of North Carolina. Printed by the
Chapel Hill Publishing Company, Inc., 501 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, N. C.
A Rule Change Is Needed
When Governor Dan K. Moore asked
for a legislative commission . yesterday
for the purpose of investigating the se
lections process and the division of the
University's Board of Trustees, his com
ments were both timely and valuable.
For there is little room for doubt that
the current board, which includes only
12 alumni from N. C. State, is far from
equitable in the representation which
it affords the University's individual in
stitutions. With the inclusion of the
Charlotte branch next July, the prob
lems of trustee representation will be
come even more obvious and pressing.
Ideally, of course, there should be no
restrictions concerning the number of
places which each branch is allotted, for
the trustees are selected to. act for the
entire University and not in the interest
of any segment.
Yet there are often occasions in which
the realm of the ideal and the realm of
the realistic come into conflict, and this
is one of them. So long as the alumni or
administration members of any branch
feel' that they are being discriminated
against in the trustee selection process,
rifts and factions on the board can be
expected, and the trustees almost cer
tainly will be hampered in their efforts
toward unity and concensus.
While we certainly do not think that
the domination of the board by alumni
or patrons of the University at Chapel .
Hill, has been detrimental to the Um
y versity as a whole, there is more than
"selfishness? in the reauests of our sis
ter institutions that they be given at
They simply want fair treatment.
In light of this, a solution fair to all
branches is obviously in order. We sug
gest, for instance, that a . minimum
standard of representation be adopted
We'll Take The High Road, Too
The Research Triangle, that lofty cen
ter of learning and industry, has for
many years been bounded by super high
ways on two sides and a goat trail on
the other. Yesterday the State Highway
Commission finally recognized that fact,
and unanimously passed a resolution call
ing, for construction of a four-lane high
way between Raleigh and Chapel Hill.
The plans have been in the works for
years. Practically every North Carolina
map shows parallel dotted lines denot
ing a planned highway between the two
cities, but not the first ounce of dirt
has been moved to start the dots on
their way to maturity.
Undoubtedly, the recent acquisition of
the Federal Environmental Health Cen
ter spurred the action. ,If the state had
not gotten the huge Federal grant, it
is unlikely that the road would ever be
built.
But now it is at the top of the pri
ority list, and in four years Raleigh will
be but 25-30 minutes distant, rather
than the dangerous 45 minutes the trip
takes today.
Thank Heaven for the Environmental
Health Center. It's already shown how
it will make OUR environment more
healthful, anyway.
There's No Place For KRK
. Nathan Bedford Forrest would hang
his head in shame, and the small group
which met in Pulaski, Tenn., one quiet
night in 1867 would recoil in horror.
For the child spawned .by these men
of the Old South has become a horrible
mutant a vehicle as pestilent, as de
structive, as fearful, and as murderous
as the fabled Four Horsemen. It is called
the Ku Klux Klan.
As the Chapel Hill Weekly comment
ed last spring, "We need the Klan like
we need another open sewer." We agree.
It's time ''something was done about
the KKK, and it should be done soon,
if not immediately.
Monday Rep, Charles L. Weltner
(D.Ga.) introduced a resolution in the
House of Representatives calling on the
House Subcommittee on Un-American
Activities to investigate the; Klan. It is
Fred Seely, Hugh Stevens
CoEditora
Pete Wales
Mike Yopp
Managing Editor
i?.,W MaTiaaer Jack Harrington
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Photo Editor ...Y Lauterer
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Advertising Manager
a good bill, and doubtless will pass the
HoUse quickly. Getting through the Sen
ate may be a bit more difficult, but it
certainly should get by eventually. .
But investigation should not - stop
there. And when an investigation is
made the findings should hot be tossed
into the bureaucratic hodge-podge and
left for dead. - - ' '
There are too many indications that
the Klan, despite its lofty pronounce
ments of peaceful methods, is responsi
ble for most of the mischief that has
occurred in the South in the past few
years.
We do not deny the fact that the Klan
has the right to speak and the right to
assemble. But after its assemblies and
speeches the members scatter with the
wind like the puff of the dandelion and
infect the weeds of hatred and descruc
tion upon the populace.
Their theme is racial separation, but
their method is death. Their avowed
weapon is the vote, yet their true de
vice is dynamite.
The Ku Klux Klan has no place in pur
society, and it is time" our leaders took
steps to make the Invisible Empire truly
invisible. The Weltner bill is a good first
step, but it will take much more to do
away with this blight upon our society.
We hope it won't be the last step.
which would allow each of the Univer
sity's branches to place 15 alumni on
the Board of Trustees. In this manner,
60 of the 100 seats would be equitably
distributed and the General Assembly
would be free to select the remained of
the board without regard to previous
connections with any individual insti
tution. .
Under such a system, a basic founda
tion of the board would be guaranteed
a judicious and equal division, while our
legislators . could continue to exercise
considerable options in the remaining
selections. As the University becomes ,
more diverse and far-flung, it ( seems
only reasonable to guarantee a basic rep
resentation for each institution.
Further, there is precedent for such
a move in the existing laws regarding
the selection of the trustees. GS 116-4,
which sets the number of trustees at
100, also requires that no less than 10
of them be vomen. A law providing
some selection on a geographical basis,
then," could hardly be construed as a
radical or" improper measure.
In short, a basic provision insuring
some form of equality in the selection
of at least part of the Board pf Trustees
would strengthen the unity of the board
imparing its flexibility.;
Any more stringent move,; such as
one to permanently allocate all the seats
on the Board, however, should be met
with stern opposition, for it was not the '
purpose of the original statutes to have
the General Assembly assign the bran
ches a quota and thus destroy the flexi
bility and all-encompassing quality of
the board.
Anything less, on the other hand, de
nies basic representation to institutions
which deserve it.
(CHE.
ATINGs Many
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From The National Observer
Cheating is, not usually a hot
topic of conversation at Yale,
but one night last week the talk
in. Room 324 at Wright Hall was
laced with anger as a dozen
undergraduates debated the
merits of "the honor 4 system."
"You can be absolute about
honor only up to a certain
point," said an earnest young
man in blue-flannel pajamas.
"But it's also based on a sub
jective standard. I can con
ceive of a situation in which it
would i be more honorable to
. overlook cheating."
A square-jawed freshman in
dungarees and a T-shirt agreed;
only a "fink" (the collegiate
fad word to describe a non-conformist)
would willingly report
a classmate for cheating. An
honor system, he argues, would
only "institutionalize finkdom."
Campus cheating is suddenly
a .hot topic again, as a spread-
ing investigation of cheating,
(as the Air Force honor code
defines cheating) at the Air
Force Academy sharpens the
concern of students,- teachers,
and parents alike.
Will It Touch 300?
i Eugene. M. Zuckert, Secretary
of the Air Force, late last week
appointed a five-man commit
tee to review the cribbing scan
day at Colorado Springs, a scan
dal that may bounce as many
as 300 of the academy's 2,567
cadets from classes.
Only about 10 cadets actually
cheated, according to sources
at the academy. The others (93
have actually ( ''resigned" so
far), violated the honor code by
not , telling t their superiors . they
knew cheating was going on.
; . But is it, cheating when a stu
dent declines to turn in his
friends for,. wrongdoing? Is this
the . result of obeying honorable
instincts, . or merely, in. the
words of the Yale undergradu
ate, being a. "fink?"
In a survey of collegiate at
titudes froni New Haven to Palo
Alto, National Observer report
ers found that f most students
more or less agree that it's
wrong to cheat, but it's wrong
also to tattle on the fellow who
does. ' ' ' ;
'System of Informers
Says Donald - C. Frazier, a
first-year law student at Tulane,
in New ..Orleans: "It smacks of
a system of informers." Oc-.
casionally, successful cheatersf
even attain a measure of re-1
spectablity. . "Most kids Ejust
brush cheaters off," Jane Beit
scher, a senior at Pennsylvania
State University, says. "It's
part of the accepted thing. I s
think this is partially due to
admiration of 'beating the sys-
Paul Selby, dean of the. law
school at the University of West
Virginia, sees this attitude as
a throwback to "the law of the
West." Explains Dr. Selby:
"According to this law, nobody
rats on a buddy."
Parents of the Air Force ca
dets agree. Roy Etnyre, ath
letic director at the huge New
Trier Township High School in
the Chicago suburb of Winnet
ka, 111., was particularly bitter.
His son, Scott, a player on the
academy's basketball team,
was charged with tolerating
cheating although there was no
accusation that he himself had
cheated.
"My boy didn't cheat," Mr.
Etnyre said. "He just refused
to be a stool pigeon. Ever since
he was big enough, to walk I've
taught my boy he shouldn't
snitch on other kids now this."
A Seattle Father's Reaction
Archie Greenlee, a Seattle
lawyer whose son, Fritz, left the
academy", for tolerating cheat
ing, called the honor code "im
practical and unrealistic. It's
a fantasy."
Students generally agree and
often, in articulate terms. "Most
of the unpopularity of the honor
system arises from its require
ment that all students are oblig
ed to report any suspected hon
or offense," says another Yale
student. "The unpopularity may
also be attributed to a distrust
of the honor council, which stu-'
dents feel would judge offenders
.in oversimplified terms . .
"There seems to be a vague
feeling that personal integrity,
like religion, should not be leg
islated." Nearly everyone who discuss
ed cheating on his or her cam
pus concedes the problem exists.
Yet, there's almost unanimous
agreement that it's impossible
to say how widespread it is be
cause it's all but impossible to
agree on a precise definition of
cheating.
Few defend the cadet : who,
according to the stories from
Colorado Springs (where offici
al sources refused to discuss
details of the cribbing scandal),
broke into a locker and took
several examination papers,
then recruited about 10 col
leagues to help him peddle
them to undergraduates.
The Academy's Honor Code
Under the honor code in force
at the academyy any stodent
who knew of the incident, or any
cadet to whom an offer was
made, was duty bound to re
port it. This is the section of
the code that stops most stu
dents, and that's why relatively
few schools try to operate such
codes.
The U. S. Military Academy
at West Point operates under a
code almost identical to that at
the Air Force Academy; in 1951,
dozens of cadets, including the
son of the football coach, left
school in an incident similar to
that at the Air Force Academy.
Midshipmen at the Naval
Academy at Annapolis, . MeL,
are put on their honor, too, but
are not required to report those
who cheat. They are expected
to do so, however. "If X sus-,
pects Y of cheating he is not
bound by black and white to
report Y," explains Lt. Comdr.
Frederic J. Thomas, guiding of
ficer for the dean of admissions.
"But X is supposed to ask him
self these - questions: 'Is this
man worthy of wearing the uni
form of the service? Would I
want to trust my life in combat
to a man who compromises his
personal honor for his own bene
fit?' ' .'. - .
Three Categories of Cheating
I 'If . he feels Y's i offense : has
put him in this category," says
Commander Thomas, ','then X
is. pretty much obligated to re
; port him." This sums up the
position of those who adminis
ter and defend the honor sys
tem; except that, at Colorado
Springs, and West. Point, .Stu
dent 'X' has no choice but to
turn in Student 'Y'. .
Cheating, generally, falls into
three categories: Cribbing, or
taking tiny, hidden notes to the
examination room; looking over
the shoulder of another student,
copying the answers; and, final
ly, learning the examination
questions beforehand, either by
talking to students who have
taken the exam or; by studying
a stolen copy of the examina
tion. The first two kinds of cheat
ing apparently go on nearly
everywhere; the latter is less
often seen, though students at
some schools (West Virginia,
Stanford, and Northwestern, for
three examples) say Greek-letter
fraternities keep file copies
of exams given by certain pro
fessors. Professors are often
criticized for giving the same
exam year after year.
Moreover, some students sus-
pect many papers "are never
read; therefore, they reason,
the grades put on them are
' phony, so why shouldn't they
cheat? A Stanford undergradu-
ate not long ago asked his pro-
: fessor if he could write a paper
on the system of scales as a
, music-class theme. The profes
sor agreed; the Student merely
copied a chapter on harmonies
from a physics textbook. " He
got an A.
"It's a big problem,", says
21-year-old Hines Boyd, a pre-imed-med
student who is chief
justice of the Honor Court at
Florida State University in Tal
lahassee. "I'm working now
on a study concerning a lot of
rumors about exams being stol
en. The majority of these
stories are just talk, but I know
for a fact that some . exams
were out last exam period. But
we can't get enough evidence
to bring the people . who stole
them into (student) court. Stu
dents just won't talk."
Where There Is Little Cheating
..Mr..Boyd finds little cheating
....in courses where students are
convinced they must learn the
subject matter to master their
f ieldSjt such as music, biology,
or "physics. "There are lots of
people just taking the course . . .
(and who want) to just get
through, and don't care whether
they know the material."
As chief justice of his honor
court, Mr. Boyd worked on five
cheating cases during the fall
semester. All five violations
were found and reported by pro
fessors. "Most of the students
here," he ". says, "will .choose
friendship when faced with a
choice between friendship and
honor."
Not all copies of examinations
are stolen. At Florida State,
for example, students have re
trieved inky stencils of exams
tossed into wastebaskets hy
careless secretaries; ; another
time, Mr. Boyd checked out the
story that several students brib
ed a janitor. "We even heard
of one group of fellows who fol
lowed a garbage truck to the
city dump, where the garbage
was immediately covered by a
bulldozer. Those guys had shov
els with them, and tried to dig
up the exam stencils buried un
der tons of dirt."
Spacing the Students
Cheating on exams, opce in
side the classroom, isn't always
easy. Most professors employ
proctors, usually post-graduate
student assistants, to help with
administering the exams. Not
long ago a professor at the Uni
versity of Colorado assigned
students to sit at every other
desk for the final exam to make
over-the-shoulder cheating more
difficult. Many students were
angered because he hadn't done
this for less-important tests
during the semester; they
thought the change in procedure
was a slap at their integrity.
. Often the proctors are appre
ciated. "I can't remember ever
having heard any resentment,"
year; students would be author-.
ized to try the system in classes
where the professor agreed. The
proposition was defeated by a
wide margin. :
says a student at Northwestern.
"It's because the proctors are
there to answer questions re
garding the exam, pass out ex
tra blue books to write the an
swers in; they're accepted be
cause actually they are there
to protect the majority who
don't cheat."
Honor systems aren't easy to
build. "You need a long tradi
tion of honor system to work
at this point in the - Twentieth
Century," says R. Barry Far
rell, professor of political sci
ence at Northwestern. . "I think
you'd have a hard time setting
up one where none existed be
fore." Honor System Rejected
Northwestern students put a
proposition for a limited honor
system oh a student ballot last
A sociology professor at Col
umbia University recently poll
ed students in a national sur
vey of colleges and found two
surprising statistics: More than
50 per cent of the students said
they had cheated; this was
twice the percentage of cheaters
most students thought the poll
would reveal.
Eighteen coeds at Florida
State submitted last week to
a survey of their attitudes; all
said they thought it wrong to
cheat on an exam, 17 wouldn't
resent an honest student who
turned in a cheater but only 2
would themselves turn in a spy
ing student. Ten men students,
all holders cf scholarships, an
swered similar questions; all 10
said they would respect a stu
dent who reported a . cheater,
but only 2 would themselves
turn policeman.
"I've known people who cheat
and I'm not about to turn them
E in," said one blue-eyed fresh
man coed. "I think every per
son is responsible to himself,
and if he wants to cheat he's
only hurting himself." Another
girl, who sat listening to all
this, agreed.
"If I knew someone who was
cheating," she said, "I wouldn't
report him, either. Unless he
cheated from my paper. Then
I would."
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The Ph.D. And The Elegant Amateur
The Christian Science Monitor
Every day we hear about the increas
ing percentage of undergraduates going
oil to graduate school. Every day we
hear about the exploding population of
Ph.D.s.
If each has to write a thesis involving
original research, where will he find the
topic? Apparently in the expanding sci
ences, the possibilities are limitless. Or
is there too much duplication in the
scientific "information explosion"? And
what of the literary scholar, struggling
to discover some use of the comma in
Jacobean prose that has not been ex
plored or some unexpected ihumed poet
that has not been "done"?
He has already been the subject of
satire. Now his problem and opportuni
ty have been brought into sympathetic
focus by the president of the Modern
Language Association. With his usual
light touch, Morris Bishop pictures a
"revolt against unnecessary publication"
and says, that "there are too many
workers in a vineyard that has barely
increased in size." Bibliographers will
find computers doing their work, anoth
er casualty of the automated age.
What is the alternative? To turn from
small analysis to "a larger meaning" of
literature, ranging widely, bringing things
together, perhaps establishing a "rap
proachement between scholarship and
journalism."
Examples of the latter already are ap
pearing. And we look forward with Pro
fessor Bishop to more scholarly writing
"directed not toward the fellow specialist
but toward the elegant amateur."
Freiich Still Hold Lead
The London Observer
PARIS Frenchmen remain
the .world's hardest drinkers,
but they are beginning to ease
off alcohol and absorb . more
mineral waters and fruit juices.
The average French adult still
imbibes the . equivalent of 26.8
liters of pure alcohol a year
(almost 6 gallons, compared
with the German's 11.3 liters
and the Englishman's 7.1 liters.
The bulk of this Impressive
intake slips down Gallic gul
lets in the form of wine, but
brewers have been getting an
increasingly large share of . the
market since the war. French
consumption of beer has jump
ed 53 per cent in the past 10
years.
At the same time, consump
tion, o fruit juices has shot up
by 85 per cent and of mineral
waters by 34 per cent. One rea
son for this change is that
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LETTERS
The Daily Tar Heel solicits
letters to the editors at any
time and on any subject.
AH letters most be typed
DOUBLE SPACED and mast
be free of IlbeL The editors
reserve the right to edit for
length. Letters shonld be
submitted at least two days
prior to date of publication.
t-i
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Frenchmen now coming of
S drinking age often prefer soft
drinks to the strong aperitifs
gduu orcunary wine their fathers
jgrew up on.
(Also, firms bottling spa min
eral waters have successfully
(appealed to the hypochondriac
that lurks within the liver-con-
i"scious Frenchman. And more
people can now afford fruit
juice, which is more expensive
ithan the cheapest ordinary'
5 wine.
I , The whisky boom is another
I sign of the French tippler's new
affluence. French imports of
S scotch doubled between 1961
and 1963, rising to an annual
1 10 million bottles. This made
France second only to the Un
ted States among Scotland's
I foreign customers.