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Wednesday, November 16. 1966
THE DAILY TAR HEEL
Page 3
Plain Talk About Birth Control
There Are Ma
ffe Rentes To Planned.
1D
MY
Which is safer calendar
rhythm" or temperature
"rhythm"?
How do foams and other che
micals compare in effective
ness with the diaphragm?
Up - to - date answers to
questions such as these are
given in a study by the In
formation Center on Popula
tion Problems in cooperation
with Dr. Christopher Tietze of
the National Committee on
Maternal Health.
A chart was prepared to
show the results of this stu
dy; it gives a rating of from
one to five stars to each cur
rently used method of birth
control. Each method is rated
in two ways: (1) effective
ness if used consistently; (2)
utility in population programs.
Acutally there is- nothing
new about mankind's desire
to control conception. Ration
al as well as ridiculous de
grees of success, throughout
the ages to ward off unwanted
births. "Swallow 14 live tad
poles three days after menstru
ation," said an old Chinese
recipe. However, a large mea
sure of credit for the fact that
the world isn't even more pop-
mated than it is, is due to tice. In addition, it is psychol
the primitive technique of ogically disturbing to most
coitus interruptus (withdraw- women, and considered mor-
JK EFFECTIVENESS, IF UTILITY IN POPULATlbN
. USED CONSISTENTLY PROGRAMS
Contraception "
j (Intrauterine Jf
Device)
SXT
Diaphragm used
with jelly J. JL
or cream
Condoms -r X,
Calendar Rhythm JL fy-
Chemicals-foams
foaming tablets,
jellies, cream
Withdrawal JL Q
Douche -4
,, , ilj . i '..- ' I'j ".i - - - - '-j ;i !
:1tion V & v ;
Abortion JL J f Q
Abstinence JJL ) T
BIRTH CONTROL PILLS the oral contraceptives are
given the highest rating for personal use and share with in
trauterine devices the highest rating for population control
programs in this chart issued by the information Center on
Population Problems.
MO
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Chicken Chow Mein On Rice
With Chinese Noodles
Choice of Two Vegetables
Salad w Dressing
Beverage Bread & Butter
Homemade Layer Cake
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Glasgo makes sweaters that
men like to look at.
al before emission) not to
the bizarre catalogue of
ancient prejudices and pre
cautions. Although withdrawal has
worked as a method of pre
venting birth, its drawbacks
are numerous. It is rated re
latively low in effectiveness
(two stars) and, in contrast
to more sophisticated meth
ods, is not even considered
(no stars) for population con
trol programs.
Abstinence, on the other
hand, heads the effectiveness'
list with a completely safe
five - star rating. However,
this is a matter of logic, not
a recommendation. It is to
tally effective for as long as
it is maintained, but is univer
sally considered unnatural and
inestimably destructive to mar
riage and the family. It, there
fore, also a zero rating for
population programs.
Effective, but among the
most extreme and least so
cially acceptable methods, are
abortion and male or female
sterilization. Abortion is com
pletely effective, but expen
sive and dangerous where leg-
al barriers prohibit its prac
Jul
NOGRAAA
6 CjSROOM
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ally wrong by many religions.
STERILIZATION
Sterilization is effective and
safe, but requires surgery and
very often is irreversible. Male
sterilization vasotomy is
the servering of the vas de
ferens, the tube through which
the sperm travels from the
testes. It is a simpler steri
lization operation than that
performed on women, where
the fallopian tubes are cut
and tied, and for that reason
it has a higher utility rating
(Male two stars; Female
one star). Surprisingly, even
sterilization isn't foolproof, and
receives four stars, not five ,
for effectivenss; some oper
ations are not successful.
It is easy to see why-the
most effective of these meth
ods have not provided an an
swer to personal heeds or been
considered for population con
trol. Thirty years ago, Drs.
Hannah and Abraham Stone,
pioneers in family planning,
described the "idea contracep
tive" as one that would be
"entirely reliable . . . simple,
practical, universally accep
table and aesthetically satisfy
ing to both husband and wife."
Every contraceptive now in
use has a different combina
tion of these attributes with
only the oral contraceptives
pills embracing them all.
Male . contraceptives have
been known to exist since the
time of the ancient Greeks.
Modern sheaths, according to
the U. S. Food and Drug Ad
ministration, are flawless in
997 out of 1,000 samples. If pro
perly and consistently used,
they rate with the inttrauter
ine device (I.U.D.) for effec
tiveness, but human failure
and dissatisfaction with them
is higher, and they are given
only one star for utility in
population control programs.
Local chemical contracep
tives used by women are de
signed to set up different
kinds of shields. Some are
reasonably good if used prop
erly, all are less effective
alone than when used with a
diaphragm. The limitations of
modern chemical contracep
tives spermaticides in jel
ly, cream, foaming tablet, sup
. pository and aerosol foam
forms, 7 are not a fault of
their chemistry but of their
application. iAl -
An ancestor of the diaph
ragm a moistened sponge
is referred to in the Tal
mud. Today's diaphragm is a
small rubber disc which is
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used to block the cervical
passage. It has a three - star ,
rating for effectiveness when
used properly and consistent
ly, but is not considered for
population programs because
of the need for sanitary facil
ities and careful storage.
Rhythm, which is the only
method of birth control cur- ;
rently approved by the Catho
- lie Church, depends on t h e
fact that a woman can be
impregnated only during a rel
atively short period of each t
menstrual cycle. On the as
sumption that only one egg is
released from the ovary, it;
will travel down' the fallop
ian tube over a five - to six
day period, and remain in a
state suitable for fertilization,
for approximately 24 hours.
Since most sperm lose their:
ability to fertilize the egg with
in 48 hours, rhythm is based
on a fertile period that lasts
from two days before ovula-"
tion (the 24 hours that of the
sperm) through one day after,
ovulation (the 24 hours that i
ovum is ripe for-fertilization,
However, - there 1 are hazard
ous variables, the greatest of
these being the . unrhythmic 1
pattern of the menstrual cy-;
cle in a high percentage of 1
women. 1
CALENDAR RHYTHM
A better rhythm method
combines the calendar meth
od with a daily temperature
check. After ovulation, temp
erature rise 3-10 to 4-10 of a
degree (between 97 and 98 de
grees) and remains there un
til a day or two before men
struation. However, wheth
er a woman keeps her sche
dule by calendar or thermom
eter, the number of "safe"
days in each cycle is small
and may not alight with a de
sire for sexual activity. Dr.
Rosemary Ruether, in the
book, Contraception and Holi
ness, edited by Archibishop
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Thomas D. Roberts, speaks of
the "dehumanization created
by such a method of fertility
regulation" and then com
ments: "Essentially the rhy
thm method is debilitating be
cause it imposes an abnormal
regime on the expression of
marital love. It treats marital
love as an appetite which can
be scheduled like eating and
sleeping." Rhythm's success is
hard to pin down, but is
shown to be less effective than
withdrawal, better than
chance.
The most important break
throughs in family plan
ning and population, control
have been the I. U. D.'s
loops, spirals, coils and
rings which are inserted in the
uterus and the pill.
THE PILL
Studies conducted for over
half a century have led to the
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preparation in tablet form of
a compound of estrogen and
progestin, hormones which
prevent the release of the
egg. The pill was given its first
field tests in 1954, and since
then has been used with in
creasing success throughout
the world.
Princeton bio - statistician
Charles F. Westoff is convinc
ed that the pill deserves ma
jor credit for the falling birth
rate in the U. S. An estimat
ed 5,000,000 American women
now take the pill and as a
special advisory committee of
the U. S. Food and Drug Ad
ministration said: "N ever
have so many people taken
such potent drugs voluntarily
over such a protracted period
for an objective other than tha
control of disease."
Not only is the pill virtual
ly 100 percent effective in con
trolling birth, but when it is
discontinued, fertility is imme-
(ifc ARE...P0N,T RlJH ME...T HAVE
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6HEU 6 K6AL ANXKW5 TO MEET Mb
Queen's Bouquets
Floral Arrangements
Flowers Are Part of The Game.
Add A Little Color And Beauty To
Your Plans. Remember To . . .
Call or Come To
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diately restored. This effect
iveness without impariement
of fertility has brought the
long - sought goal of making
it possible for every child to
be "a wanted child."
In addition to all of t h e s e
positive findings, one of the
more subtle contributions of
the pill has been noted by
Dr. Robert Greenblatt and
Charles Weller in "Better
Homes & Garden's Family Me
dical Guide": "The unfettering
of woman from the fears of
pregnancy does much for her
DAILY CROSSWORD
ACROSS
1. "Venerable"
monk
5. Rabbit's
tail
9. Apple drink
10. Fertile spot
, in the
- Sahara
12. Related
13. Hire
14. Ignited
15. Anglo
Saxon serf
16. For ex
ample: abbr.
17. Half an em
18. Weight
system
19. Relative:
abbr.
20. Chess piece
22. Approve
23. Laundry,
machines
25. Mine
entrance
27. "The Last
Frontier"
state
30. Knave of
clubs in loo
31. Hideous
32. Exclama
tion 33. Ancestor
of Irish
34. Addition
. sign
35. Single unit
36. Expects
38. "Leaning
Tower" city
39. African
river
40. Chefs
specialty
41. Girl's name
42. Rumple
DOWN
1. Riviera
bathing
suit
2. To "blue
pencil"
3. Sanctum
4. Hesitation
sound i
5. Nickname
for junior
6. Enclosure
7. All fifty
8. Catlike
animals
9. Joshua's
companion
11. Edible bulbs
13. Gullet
ip Vob don't do that science
PROJECT. CHARUE BROCON.SDOlL GET
A FAILING &mcm IF 6ET A
FAIUN6 6RAPETH6aLTAKE
OFF THE SCHOOL SAFETY PATROL!
ARE ALWAYS
APPRECIATED
Cut Flowers
"Florist
Phone
psyche and well - begin."
The information Center on
Population Problems points out"
that if the 5,000,000 women
who are using the pill were
using the reasonably effective
diaphragm instead, "We could
expect this year, 236,000 un
wanted pregnancies, almost
14,000 fetal, neonatal and in
fant deaths, 20,000 miscarri
ages, and 30,000 cases of ser
ious diseases related to preg
nancy. The pills have saved
a lot of tragedies and miseries.
15. God
of love
18. Demonstrative
pronoun
19. Game
fish
21. Do the
crawl
22. Be
seech
24. Old meas
ures of
length
25. Of a bee
26. Famous
naturalist.
28. Sunflower
State
29. Forward
Yesterday's Aaiwer
31. Extreme
- 34. Wharf
35. Lubricates
37. Past
38. French
resort
40. Samarium:
sym.
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942-5256, Nigbt 942-3761
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