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THE DAILY TAR HEEL
Saturday. January 7, 1967
Clumsy Fire-Pumps
Early Firemen Doused
Blazes The Hard Way
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NUMBER THIRTEEN Shown is a recon- served in the
struction of Eagle Engine Company's Num- Home Insurance
ber 13 firehouse which was located on Maid- authencity, all
en Lane in New York City. It has been pre- the engine house
U.S
D
oeB
Birth Control Amy
The federal government dur
ing the past year has moved
with increasing boldness into
a field that political leaders
once hesitated even to men
tion. The field is birth control.
" Less than a decade ago,
then - President Dwight D.
Eisenhower told a White House
news conference, with regard
to government - sponsored re
search on family limitation:
"I wouldn't touch it with a
10 - foot pole."
Today the government is en
gaged not only in research but
also in making birth control
available to poor families.
Last month, a statement is
sued by U. S. Catholic bishops
charged that the government
was going even further, and
seeking "agressively to per
suade and even coerce the
underprivileged to practice
birth control."
;kHigh administration offi
cials . including Sargent Shriv
eSr, the "Catholic layman who
directs the ' war against pov
erty, promptly denied that
poor people are being subject
ed to any kind of pressure,
overt or subtle, to limit the
size of their families.
But they did not deny, nor
did they offer any apology
for, the provision of birth con
trol information and mater
ials through tax - supported
clinics.
The government's forth
right new attitude toward
birth control was made clear
as early as last January,
when John W. Gardner, Sec
retary of Health, Education
and Welfare (HEW), announ
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t y k
I WHAT KIND OF FOOLS These five fe
male clowns have at least one thing in com
mon: They're all in love with the same guy.
' What it adds up to is a tender, but rollicking
musical, "Stop The World I Want To Get
IP IF
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7.
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ced one of his department's
objectives henceforth would be
"to provide families freedom
of choice to determine the spa
cing of their children and the
size of their families."
LBJ APPROVES
In March, President Johnson
placed his personal stamp of
approval on the HEW policy.
He said:
"It is essential that all fam
ilies have access to informa
tion and services that will al
low them to cho&se the num
ber and spacing of their chil
dren." The Office of Economic Op
portunity (OEO) also revis
ed its regulations on birth con
trol programs in March.
The new regulations allow
community clinics financed
with OEO funds to provide
birth control pills or other con
traceptive materials on re
quest up to a monthly cost of
$20 per family. : ,
OEO retained a prohibition'
on supplying - contraceptive
materials to unmarried wom
en or married women not liv
ing with their husbands.
But this limitation soon was
knocked out by Congress in
an authoriztion bill. HEW
never did have such a prohibi
tion. OEO retained prohibitions on
coercion or force in family
planning programs, use of
funds to publicize family plan
ning and use of funds for abor
tions or sterilization.
OEO estimates it has fund
ed 75 local anti poverty pro
jects which include birth con
trol services and that these
programs reached 102,000 per
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Firefighting Mnseum of the
Company in New York. For
wood used in reconstructing
is over 150 years old.
Peda
Longer
sons in 1966.
The Defense Department in
October announced an expan
ded program of family plan
ning. It said wives of service
men could be sterilized in mil
itary hospitals as of Jan. 1,
1967, if they desire and their
physicians agree. This marked
the first time a government
agency had supported sterili
zation. FURTHER STEPS
HEW has announced a ser
ies of further moves in the
family planning field, includ
ing: Grants for family planning
to more than 40 states, an in
crease from 13 states just two
years ago.
Matching funds to state
welfare agencies for medical
services. HEW redefined "ser
vices" to specifically include
contraceptive drugs and de
vices and urged states to re
. move restrictions on dispensa
tion of birth control drugs.
A decision by the Office
of Education to start or im
prove family life and sex ed
ucation programs for stud
ents, teachers and parents.
New policy statements by
the Public Health Service and
the Welfare Administration
on family planning programs.
A series of nine regional
conferences on family planning
to let state and local leaders
know where the federal gov
ernment stands on birth con
trol. These are expected to
lead to expanded family
planning programs on all levels.
''A " V
Off," now playing at the Barn Dinner - Thea
ter in Raleigh. The show takes the place of
"Send Me No Flowers," which was to begin
this week.
Next time you hear the
shrill sound of a fire engine
racing along to a local blaze,
give a thought to the early
days of American fire fighting
with its colorful engines and
courageous volunteers.
An entire town during co
lonial times would turn out
for a fire, everyone shouting
th3 alarm to his neighbor
who, likely as not, was al
ready shouting the news to the
next house; the heavy engine
was dragged through the
streets; men appeared with
axes, chains, ropes, buckets,
saws and other tools which -might
be handy; animals
squealed and bellowed, while
impossible numbers of boys
scurried about vying with one
another to be most in the way.
Despite such feverish activi
ty, however, the fire was of-.,,
ten not extinguished par
ticularly if it had made any
headway at all.
Surprisingly enough, the fire
engines used at this time go
back to the second century
B. C. and are based on a
Greek mechanic's invention of .
the force pump. The appara-v
tus is lavishly described in
several books of the time, and
seems to have met all the
people, except one; it had a
tendency to fall apart! ,'
During the Middle Ages
there was at least variety in
the methods of fire fighting, if
not much practicality; men
alternated between an old
standby, the bucket brigade;
and the latest innovations:
hand squirts and syringes.
A complete set of fire-fighting
equipment of the 16th cen
tury consisted of a squirt,
three buckets, a sledge ham
mer and two firehooks. The
hooks were used for pulling
down burning roofing, and
one still hangs ready on a wall
in the main street of West
Livineton, in England.
In the late 16th century,
however, a sturdier fire-pump
was introduced with moderate
success. An engine of the time
consisted of:a pump mounted
in a tub of water on a sledge..
The, pump handlers $o.$J
by two men; a third directed
the feeble stream of water is
suing from a tube, white 'the
fourth member of the team re
plenished the water in the tub
with a bucket!
The Great Fire of London in
90 churches and more than
13,000 houses, naturally stim
ulated a concern for fire en
gines and better fire fighting
methods. It also prompted the
organization of insurance un-1
derwriting companies which
issued distinctive metal fire
marks as well as fire fight
ing equipment through the'
ages is located in The ire
fighting Museum of The Home
'Stop
With the New Year there
come many changes, and Ra
leigh's Barn Dinner Theater
is no exception. A tender mu
sucal, "Stop The World - I
Want To Get Off" has been
announced as a replacement
for "Send Me No Flowers,"
originally scheduled for pres
entation in January at the Ra
leigh - Durham Barn. 'Stop
The World" will open Janu
ary 6.
The Barn also announces
that a new five-night perform
ance policy will go into ef
fect. Until further notice, the
Barn will be dark, except for
private parties, on Monday
and Tuesday nights, and will
be open Wednesday through
Sunday.
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SS5
1$ fv x
-imiM.fi t'-aiteri :i S " tmmi -v--.
JFemiuiue Tranquilizer
Oh what a quieting, soothing
effect a delicious box of cho
colates has on the feminine
world. Try a box and see.
Insurance Companv. in N e w
York City. Founded by Harold
V. Smith, an untiring collec
tor and for many years the
President of Heme Insurance,
the museum also has on dis
play models of early hand
pump engines, toy fire equip
ment of yesterday, and doz
ens of fine prints and wood
cuts. Other museum features in
clude ornate silver and brass
trumpets, helmets, hat fronts,
watchman's alarms, buckets,
salvage bags, ancient sy
ringes, and extinguishers in
fact, practically every item
pertaining to early American
fire fighting days and the in
surance industry.
The museum is open to the
public by appointment o n 1 v.
Tours can be secured by writ
ten permission. The museum
is particularly successful in
keeping alive the romance
and adventure of early fire
fighting in this country, par
ticularly in the case of the col
orful and daring volunteer
firemen of New York. These
men, who served without pay,
did so out of devotion and a
sense of pride. They loved
their pumpers, painting them
in bright colors and gay de
signs, and worked the hand
bars furiously to outbump ri
val volunteer companies.
As an individual, the volun
teer fireman was expected to
stop whatever he was doing,
whether at work or at play,
A German Says 'Fink
He Isn't Asking For You
FRANKFURT (UPI) - A
"fink" in American slang is
defined by Webster's as mean
ing an informer, squealer or
strike - breaker.
But the American newcomer
to Frankfurt needs to learn
quickly that "fink" means
something else here.
When a friend heard I was
coming to Frankfurt he leer
ed evilly and said, ."Ah, yes.
Finkfurt"- -j
: One r pass" down some, of the
main streets and I was think
ing of it as Frankfurt my
self. "Fink" blazed from
neon signs, and shouted in
huge letters from the sides of
passing streetcars. Every oth
er billboard, it seemed, pro
claimed "Fink!"
Fink, in Germany, actually
is the name of the finch, a
small bird found all over Eu
rope. It is, as well, a re-spec-Uable
family name there
are 64 Finks or Finkes in the
Frankfurt telephone directory.
There is also a Finkenhof-
StX&SSG
But the main reason "Fink"
The World'
"Stop The World" is t h e
story of the life and loves of
Littlechap, as seen through the
eyes of clowns in a circus.
David Lindsey Griffin will ap
pear in the role of Littlechap,
and Louise Connell plays the
multiple roles of Evie, Anya,
Use, and Ginnie, the women
in Littlechap's life. Griffin has
appeared with the Barn in
"The Tender Trap" and "Send
Me No Flowers." Miss Con
nell has had roles in "Guys
and Dolls," "South Pacific,'
and "Wonderful Town."
Others in the cast include
Pat Daniels, Holly McKim
mons, Quentar Scot, and Mar
ilyn Wassell.
Musical favorites of the nit
show include such songs as
"Someone Nice Like You,
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hj&tt Box Bournifufi
. m.
and hasten to his fire station
when the alarm sounded. If he
failed to follow the strict rules,
he was fined. In the minute
book of Engine 13. the follow
ing entry was made on Jan
uary 15. 1807: "Harris Sages'
excuse is received. He says at
the time of fire he was lock
ed in someone's arms and
could not hear the alarm"
but there is no comment as to
whether he was fined or "par
doned." Because of the lack of de
pendable water supply, it was
often necessary for the hand
pumped engines to form a
line, one pumping into anoth
er. At a fire in a food store
at Eldridge and Rivington
Streets, New York, in the
1860's 23 engines with six
thousand feet of hose were
connected in line to produce
one stream of water.
To the beloved hand-pump- y
er, time added the steam
pumper, drawn by horses,
which could throw 750 gallons
of water a minute and fin
ally the efficient gasoline or
diesel engines and pumps that
we are familiar with today.
Fire fighting has come a
long way from the primitive
bucket brigade, and for that
we can be thankful, but as
someone so wisely said many
years ago, "the best way to
fight fire is to take care that
it does not break out in the
first place,"
hits you so often between the
eyes here is it is the name of
a big, advertising - minded
Frankfurt shoe store chain.
Americans can be mixed up
by and make bad jokes
about other German names.
Bad Homburg, some Yank
is sure to remark at some
time or other, is not a lousy
hat, although the hat style
does come,, from this, ', town
of . spas north of .. Frankfurt.
"Bad" in German means -'bath,,
"Many an American traveler
through Germany has wonder
ed at the many towns that
seemed to be named 'Au s
gang" which means exit.
And "Rathaus" is not a place
of rodents but the name for
the town hall.
The word game is endless.
For further example, lots of
Germans have lived in Sinn
for many years without ill ef
fect, while others have gone
from Bad to Wurse in Bad Es
sen with no harm to the ap
petite. And maybe that's enough of
that.
At Barn
"Gonna Build A Mountain,"
and "What Kind of Fool Am
I?" The music is under the di
rection of Richmond Page
and Dale Phillips. Music and
lyrics are by Leslie Bricussee
and Anthony Newly.
The entire production is
staged and directed by Jim
Hoskins. Lighting and Set De
signer is Petie Brigham Grif
fin. An experienced and talented
cast, the performers in "Stop
The World" recently complet
ed a successful production of
the show at the Barn Dinner
Theater in Roanoke, Va.
. S - CUFFS NOTES. INC.
Ciifftetes
Bethany Station Lincoln,
EQUIPMENT In the early days of firefighting. buckets
were retained in case it was difficult to secure enough wat
er by suction. Hanging on the walls are the nozzles, axes,
ropes and other paraphernalia characteristic of the times.
WUNC Will Carry
LBJ's 'Union' Talk
University Television will
present a special evening of
programming on President
Johnson's State of the Union
address, on stations WUNC
TV Channel 2 on the evening
of the President's speech.
The date of the speech has
not yet been set by President
Johnson. If it occurs in the
evening, the whole program
will bo carried live; if it is
delivered by day, the speech
will be recorded for delayed
broadcast in the evening, and
the surrounding discussion pro--gram
will be live.
John Young, Director of
Television at the University
announcing the program, said
that it is to be seen simul
taneously on 75 educational
television stations and net
works across the country and
will be the first venture of this
kind in the nistory of educa
tional television.
The President's address to a
Joint Session of Congress will
be analysed in depth by lead
ing scholars, public figures
and journalists across the
country. Arthur Schlesinger,
Jr. formerly special assistant
to Presidents Kennedy and
Johnson and author of the crit
ically - acclaimed "A Thous
and Days: John F. Kennedy
in the White House," will be at
National Educational Televi
sion's anchor point in New
York.
Professor Schlesinger will be ;
joined Lby Professor Clinton
Rossiter, author of "Conserva
tism in America," and by New
York City mayor John V.
Lindsay.
Other luminaries in the State
of the Union special broadcast
include former ambassador to
Russia George Kenna; James
J. Kilpatrick, publisher of the
Richmond (Va.) News Lead
er; educator and psychologist
Dr. Kenneth B. Clark; and
George Ball, former undersec
retary of State.
Economic aspects of the
speech will be interpreted by
economist Milton Friedman
speaking from Los Angeles
and former presidential eco
nomic adviser Walter Heller
from Minneapolis; comment
ing on urban affairs will be
specialist Daniel Patrick Moy
nihan from Boston.
In the course of the post
address program, the special
press conference to be held by
Republican congressional lead
ers will be covered.
SUBTERRANEAN PONIES
LYNEMOUTH, England
(UPI) The life of some of the
pit ponies in England's coal
mines often is a long and dark
one. Recently when a smoky
mine fire here required the
surfacing of 79 pit ponies, it
was disclosed that some of
them their ages ran from
4 to 26 years has never be
fore been above ground.
Dickens can't scare
you when you're armed
with Cliff's Notes. As
you read "Tale Of Two
Cities,"your Cliff's
Notes will provide a
complete explanation
and summary of every
chapter. It will do won
ders in smoothing the
"rough" spots and in
creasing your under
standing. And don't
stop with Dickens.
There are more than
125 Cliff's Notes ready
to help you make bet
ter grades in every lit
erature course.
bookseller
! for
list
Nebr. SeSOS
q at your
II or writs
11 free title I
ui
: : ULE OF T'0 CITIES
U-J U is
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Mr. Young explained that
the State of the Union pro
gram will be the first time ed
ucational television stations
are interconnected. University
Television now receives a n yl
N.E.T. program material by?
the United States mails, a sys-'
tem which is becoming cum
bersome as the volume of pro
gramming and number of edu
cational stations grows.
"Even more important,"
Young continued, "it does not"
permit us to do the job that,
ought to be done in several
areas of programming. For ex
ample, carrying the Presi
dent's State of the Union ad
dress live is possible only if
educational stations around the
country are interconnected.
The State of the Union pro
gram, the first of several live
coast-to-coast news and cultur
al programs planned for 1967
makes an important step in the
development of educational
television and is a preview of
its future."
Announcing
TEio
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Open Till 10 P.M.
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