Clear and cool
It will be clear and cool
today with a high in the
upper 50s. Low tonight
will be in the upper 30s.
Clear tomorrow with a
high in the upper 60s.
u III
A call to arms
One of the new rages
on campus Is playing
war games. Deborah
Moose examines this
pastime of students on
paqe 6.
Volume No. 84, Issue No. 127
Serving the students and the University community since 1893
Wednesday, April 6, 1977, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Please call us: 933-0245
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Staff photos by Bruce Clarke
Zephyrus strikes
Staff photo by Rouse Wilson
Raleigh Street was blocked for part of Tuesday afternoon when high winds felled a
tree. The usual crowd of curious onlookers gathered to watch as employees of the
Physical Plant cleared up the mess. University poUce on the scene said that the
Volkswagen would not be ticketed for parking on the wrong side of the street.
Grade inflation hits honorary
Phi Beta Kappa raises entrance standard
jLBy KATHY HART
Staff Writer
Phi Beta Kappa, the nation's most prestigious honorary
scholastic society, has been forced to raise its standards for
admission in the face of recent grade inflation.
For juniors, the admission standard is a 3.7 grade point
average (GPA) and 75 credit hours. Seniors must have a 3.6
GPA and 105 credit hours. Students making an F after their
freshman year are ineligible, and an F during the freshman
year deducts four quality points per hour.
In 1935 before grade inflation a 92 average was
required. Then, a B was equivalent to 92.5 points, and an A
was 96 points. Phi Beta Kappa admission standards have
been rising ever since.
"The high standards of Phi Beta Kappa must be
maintained in the face of changing evaluations by teachers,"
said Cathy Cate, Phi Beta Kappa president. "If Phi Beta
Kappa, lowers its standards, it will hurt one of the highest
honors there is on the UNC campus."
Phi Beta Kappa limits admission to less than 10 per cent of
the graduating seniors. "You have to evaluate what an honor
is," Cate said. "If 10 per cent of the class can get in, then it is
no longer an honor."
Different colleges and universities have different criteria
for admission. Some use character, high morals and
probability of success as determining factors for admission.
"If we had to look at all of these qualities, we would just be
determining the nominees for 1955," said Dean George, Phi
Beta Kappa adviser. "These other factors are for smaller
schools where the faculty and student body know each other
more personally. With a university as large as UNC it is
impossible to know or investigate the moral character of
eligible members. We go strictly by quality points."
The president and vice president of Phi Beta Kappa are
chosen on the basis of the highest and second highest quality
point averages. The secretary is elected from the inductees
after initiation.
UNC Phi Beta Kappas include Chancellor N. Ferebee
Taylor, UNC President William Friday, Frank Porter
Graham, Vermont Royster, Gordan Gray and Robert B.
House.
Phi Beta Kappa was founded at the College of William and
Mary in Williamsburg, Va. The first meeting supposedly
took place in the Apollo Room of the Raleigh Tavern. The
UNC chapter was founded in 1904.
In its formative years Phi Beta Kappa was a secret society.
New members took an oath to maintain the mysteries of
initiation and the meaning of the .Greek motto Love of
Wisdom (is) the Guide of Life. In the early 19th century when
secret societies were being attacked, the Harvard chapter
abolished its secret ceremonies. Other chapters soon
followed.
Another change in Phi Beta Kappa came when
membership became an honor conferred for academic
distinction. Originally, the organization was a society for
cultivating friendship.
Women were first admitted to Phi Beta Kappa in 1875 at
the University of Vermont. In 1898 the recognition of women
won general acceptance at the Sixth Council of the United
Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa.
Phi Beta Kappa recognizes academic excellence only in the
fields of liberal arts and sciences. It leaves recognition of
excellence in vocational and technical fields to other
honorary societies.
By TONY GUNN
Staff Writer
RALEIGH A bill that would establish a
legislative study commission to review UNC
tuition policies was sent to a subcommittee
Tuesday for revision.
The proposed commission would
investigate and determine the true cost of
tuition in each public and private institution
controlled by the UNC Board of Governors.
The commission would also develop long
range plans for tuition funding, and consider
other alternative methods and levels for
tuition support at public and private
institutions.
Rep. John Gamble, D-Lincoln, sponsor of
the bill, told the Committee on Higher
Education that a commission is needed to
study the policy and goals of tuition in the
institutions.
But UNC President William Friday and
Rep. Patricia Hunt, D-Orange, expressed
opposition to the proposal. They said the
Board of Governors rather than a special
committee should study tuition.
Federal courts have ruled that it is
constitutional for state legislatures to
support private colleges.
A legislative study commission is needed
to review the effects of state funding on the
religious attitudes and practices of private
schools. Gamble told the committee.
On March 30, the U.S. District Court for
the Western District of North Carolina ruled
that state tuition grants and scholarships to
students at Belmont Abby and Pfeiffer
colleges were not in violation of the U.S.
Constitution.
"We have the principle defined and
adopted; it's in the statutes," Gamble said.
"Every two years the legislature is
approached to give money to private
colleges. We don't know how far we want to
go
Gamble noted that the General Assembly
is now giving $400 per student to private
institutions. The money is funneled through
the Board of Governors.
The board has recommended this year
that an additional $100 per student be
appropriated.
Gamble said that a tug-of-war now exists
between the private schools and the board,
which governs 16 public institutions.
"Ultimately we have to make a decision
with the Board of Governors or in
opposition to them."
Many legislators spoke against the bill,
saying necessary studies could and should be
done by the Board of Governors.
Rep. H. M. Michaux, D-Durham,
questioned how commission tasks would
differ from the board's jobs.
Hugh Cannon, chairperson of the board's
See Tuition, page 3
Liquor by the liter :
alcohol may go metric
. Liquor by the liter will be the standard in
state ABC stores if the N.C. Senate passes a
bill already approved by the House.
The bill, proposed in the House by Rep.
W. Casper Holroyd, D-Wake, attempts to
convert the units of measure in present law to
the metric system.
If the bill becomes law, ABC store
customers will no longer buy their liquor by
the fifth. Instead, they will purchase a 750
milliliter bottle. The half-gallon will be
replaced by a four-liter bottle, although the
latter holds about 3.6 ounces more.
"The bill is basically just a method of
inserting the metric system into the state's
ABC laws," Holroyd said.It will not
involve any additional taxes at all."
Only nine representatives opposed the bill
in the House vote. They pposed the bill
because they did not want the state troubled
with a new system of measurement, Holroyd
said.
According to Holroyd, the bottle and
liquor industries are prepared for the
conversion, as is the state's ABC Board. The
only remaining hurdle which the 750
milliliter bottle must cross on its way to ABC
store shelves is the Senate.
-JEFF COLLINS
30 doors a day, 80 hours a week mean $1 0,000 in bank
By MARGARET KIRK
DTH Contributor
Before the summer started last year, Johnny Ussery
made out a list of goals and stuck it in his wallet: get a
job, prove self-discipline and save $5,000.
The 1976 UNC graduate checked off all three in
September when he put the list back in his wallet
beside a check for $10,460.
That's right. $10,460. Profit. Ussery worked 80
hours a week from May to September, knocking on 30
doors each day from 8 in the morning to 9 each night,
selling books with a patterned speech and smile to
middle-income Mississippi families.
He had a job; he made his money. And self
discipline? "Money won't motivate you but so far in this
business," Ussery said recently. "I had to keep telling
myself to do my best. When I didn't, that's when my
conscience hurt me. And you can bet I worked my
butt off."
Ussery was one of the 7,000 students across the
country who sold books last summer for
Southwestern Co., a division of Times Mirrow Co.
that operates out of Nashville, Tenn.
The company recruits high school seniors and
college students each spring to sell primarily its
educational and religious books.
Southwestern preaches that anyone who can follow
the company's three "YOU GOTTAs" work hard,
study hard in sales school, and be teachable will find
that selling door-to-door is easy and profitable.
Ussery believed Southwestern, and turned out to be
the No. 1 first-year salesman in the company's
educational division. He got his picture in the "Super
Star" booklet and was one of 1 10 salesmen to win a
free trip to the Bahamas.
But, as many point out, Southwestern is more like
the good 'ole American work ethic with a twist.
"Selling books is not easy," said Jan Williams, a
UNC senior who tried selling books last summer and
gave up after three weeks.
"Southwestern makes you feel like it is. They
brainwash you. They make you feel that if you don't
work 1 3 hours a day, six days a week and then fail, that
is the worst thing in the world."
"After two weeks," she continued, "1 came off this. I
quit thinking that something was wrong with me if I
couldn't sell. But that company wouldn't succeed if
they didn't build you up to keep going-going-going."
Southwestern has its recruiters on campus right
now. In the last three years, said Eddie Messick,
assistant sales director for the company, "UNC has
turned out the top first-year salesmen in the
educational division, selling Webster's Dictionaries
and the supplements."
And North Carolina is a gold mine for
Southwestern. The company sold over $40 million
worth of books last summer, and 26 out of the top 60
salesmen, educational division, came from colleges
and high schools across the state.
Charles Melvin, the top first-year man for
Southwestern two years ago when he graduated from
UNC, is back with the company for a third summer.
He is now a student manager. He continues to sell
books, but he is also recruiting about 15 students who
will work under him as a "team" in a territory
somewhere outside North Carolina.
During his recruiting interviews, Melvin gives the
pitch.
"Travel, challenge, experience and money can all be
yours," goes the interview, if you accept the job with
Southwestern. The books sell for $37.90 a set. A
salesman makes 40 per cent of each sale. The company
encourages a person to see about 30 families a day,
starting at 7:59 each morning when you knock on that
first door," Melvin said.
The average salesman, working about 13 hours a
day, will sell about three sets a day. That means his
summer's net will be about $3,500, depending on
expenses and how conscientious the person is with his
money.
"The job is an education in itself," Melvin said.
"Look at it this way. You have your own business. You
pace yourself. And it takes about 10 seconds to make
an impression, or you can only have the door shut in
your face."
As soon as school is out, the recruits head for ,
Nashville for a week-long sales school.
"Just keep thinking i can, I will, I am going to,' "
Ussery said. "Southwestern principles tell you what
you ought to do, not what you want to do, to make
money."
Dnp senior who siened to sell with Southwestern
last summer was disillusioned with the sales school
approach.
"You have to be hyper all the time," she said. "It is
unbelievable. That school is like the most intense
concentration you have ever been through. It is worse
than exams. All the speeches you have to learn. That
company will brainwash you, and it will take you a
while to realize it."
Ussery prefers to compare Southwestern to any
good coach who motivates a team with certain
"success principles.""There are some rules you have to.
follow, like learning the speeches. This is no fly-by-night
company. They know what they are talking
about. Those who bad mouth the system are only
hurting themselves. . .and the people who haven't
given the company a try yet."
Once sales school is out, territories are assigned and
the teams are located across the country. Three or four
team members live together in the cheapest housing
they can find, generally in a few rooms within a home.
See Bookselling, page 3
Commerce Secretary
Krepsto give Weil talk
on public responsibility
Secretary of Commerce Juanita
M. Kreps will deliver the annual Weil
lecture at 8 p.m. today in Memorial
Hall.
Kreps will speak on the topic of
"Private Rights and Public
Responsibility."
A public reception will follow the
lecture in the Old Well Room of the
Carolina Inn.
Kreps, 55, took a leave of absence
from her position as vice president of
Duke University to join President
Carter's cabinet. She has also
resigned her seat on the boards of
directors of nine corporations.
Her husband, Clifton H. Kreps, is
Wachovia professor of banking and a
professor of economics at UNC.
The Weil lecture is sponsored by
the Weil family of Goldsboro. The
annual event was started in 1914.
Recent speakers at the Weil lectures
include Roy Wilkins, former director
of the NAACP; Edwin O.
Reischauer, former U.S.
Ambassador to Japan; and Michael
Harrington,' chairperson of the
Democratic Socialist Organizing
Committee.
peakeirs
Financial worries and cancellations pose problems
By ROBERT THOMASON
Staff Writer
Bringing speakers to the UNC campus is often
a long and arduous task involving large
expenditures of time and money, say those
involved in the process.
Organizing lecture series and engaging
speakers can take as long as 18 months. The
process is often plagued by financial worries, late
replies and cancellations.
Although many people are willing to speak
before audiences around the country, a group
seeking a speaker is faced with the problems of
getting the speaker it wants and at a suitable
time.
"It's hard to get big name speakers unless you
have personal contacts, a lot of money or go
through a booking agency," said Bert van der
Vaart, cochairperson of the International Affairs
Colloquium Committee.
Van der Vaart and cochairperson Nick
Herman have been organizing the Colloquium
since November 1975. "We started by trying to
legitimize the Colloquium," Van der Vaart said.
"That is, we attracted speakers before we had the
money and then went around to the different
departments for funding."
Working with a budget of approximately
$9,900, the colloquium was able to pay William
Colby $2,700 and Rep. M orris Udall $ 1 ,600. The
n -nrn'niTTniTTrwiriiffrin"
UNC landed Morris Udall,
but Henry Kissinger was
one of the ones that got I
away.
h..t s .
A
QjD mk i - hi
Colloquium received $5,000 from the Carolina
Union, $1,000 from the Union Forum
Committee and $1,000 from the Chancellor's
Discretionary Fund.
Cancellations hampered the work of the
colloquium committee. Reasons for
cancellations are often vague, van der Vaart said.
Henry Kissinger, who was scheduled to speak for
the colloquium, cancelled for security reasons
and out of courtesy to Cyrus Vance, the new
secretary of state, van der Vaart said.
"Often when we engage a speaker, we enter a
facilitating contract with that person," van der
Vaart explained. "This kind of contract is most
binding in terms of the lecturer's credibility on
the lecture circuit, and even as such few college
organizations have the resources to sue."
Daniel P. Moynihan agreed before his election
to the U.S. Senate to speak for the Colloquium.
Originally, Moynihan had been contracted to
speak for $4,500, but upon election was limited
to $3,300 by law. The Weil Lecture Committee
planned to contribute half that figure, according
to van der Vaart.
When Moynihan cancelled in late February
due to a schedule conflcit, both the colloquium
and the Weil Committee were forced to find a
new speaker.
"Often we have to try to get speakers a year in
advance," said Claufe S. George, chairperson of
the Established Lecture Committee, Mbut with a
few personal contacts we were fortunate enough
to get Secretary Kreps to come." Secretary of
Commerce Juanita M. Kreps will deliver the
1977 Weil Lecture at 8 p.m. today in Memorial
Hall.
"We offer a speaker an honorarium of $1,000
and wait for a reply ,w George said. "We usually
don't have a problem with finding speakers, but
with finding someone who has the time to come
and speak.
"We can only offer the honorarium to one
person at a time. It would be embarrassing if we
offered it to three people and all of them
accepted."
Personal contacts were used to engage
Margaret Mead, who will present the fourth and
final lecture of the series on "The Family: PasJ,
Present and Future," sponsored by the women's
studies program.