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Serving the students and the University community since 1893
M. il
Vol u mo idt Issue ii
Tuesday, September 8, 1S31 Chapel Hill, North Carolina
NewsSport s7Arts 962-0245
ButNiMsAdvartiung 962-1163
-A t
JLocql residents witness Polish protests
By KEN SIMAN
DTH Staff Writer
Longing for greater freedom in academia and
society as a whole, the students protested. They or
ganized strikes and took over administration
buildings and the places where they ate, slept and
held mass.
A Vietnam-era demonstration? Not hardly. The
protest occurred last February at Adam Mickiewicz
University in Poznan, Poland. It was surprising
not only because it took place in a Soviet satellite,
but also because it produced results. Unlike many
of their American counterparts from the late 1960s
and early 1970s, the students had their demands
met by the government. .
Carl Gruber, a Chapel Hill resident, witnessed
those student demonstrations. Gruber, an English
teacher at the Polish university from September
1980 to June 1981, took pictures of the demonstra
tors and then brought them, along with literature,
posters and other material dealing with the national
labor movement, Solidarity, back to the United
States with him. The exhibit he formed from this
material has been on display on the seventh and
ninth floors of Wilson Library.
In a recent interview, Gruber said he had no dif
ficulty in taking the materials out of Poland. He
said he put the items in folded bags, placed the
bags inside a suit and left without incident.
He said he was not intimidated by Polish custom
officials, who were wearing Solidarity buttons. -"Everyone
has them now except the police," he
said.
The liberalization of Polish laws can be attri
buted in part to the growing influence of the Soli
darity labor union, which one year ago became the
first labor union operating outside the control of
the Polish Communist Party. Since August 1980,
Solidarity has become a catalyst for reformation in
Poland, Gruber said.
The student demonstration was well organized
and was similar to American demonstrations
against the Vietnam war, Gruber said. The stu
dents were not disciplined by the Polish govern
ment. "Had they (the government) dared to punish
the students, there would have been further strikes
and protests across the nation," he said.
Such leniency was in contrast to the reaction to
Poland's last major demonstrations in 1976, when
some student protesters were killed by the Polish
secret police, Gruber said.
Patrick Lee, a Chapel Hill musicologist who
lived in Poland for a month last year, said there
was organized resistance to the Polish government
beginning in 1976, when food prices doubled.
After 1976, growing underground resistance gra
dually progressed into the 10 million-member
Solidarity.
Lee and his wife, Ewa, a native Pole who works
in the Slavic language section of Wilson Library,
are leaving this month for Poland, where they will
live for one year. Both said they would be active in
"Aid for Polish Children," a Chapel Hill organi
zation that sends medical supplies to a children's
clinic in Gdansk.
Despite having greater political freedom, the
people of Poland are suffering from severe econo
mic problems.
"The mood of the people on the streets went
down as the economy worsened," Gruber said.
"They were glad about the political actions, but
worried about where they were going to get food
from." He said food shortages were so severe that
people often had to take time off from work to
stand in food lines.
Both Gruber and Lee blamed the economic pro
blems on the incompetence of the government,
where they said loyalty to the Communist Party,
not ability, was a prerequisite for a job. in the
Polish government.
But Gruber and ' Lee also agreed that greater
Solidarity influence could improve the economy
and government efficiency by 1990.
Last year a Soviet invasion of Poland seemed
imminent, but never occurred. Gruber said he
doubted the Soviet Union would invade Poland
because of the economic difficulties it would in
herit by taking over the economically ill country,
See POLAND on page 3
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DTH Jay Hyman
Cohiieoh
9
igiits new Figlit
By STEVE MOORE
DTH Staff Writer
Since it became the first nationally recognized chapter of
its kind on a college campus eight months ago, the UNC
chapter of Americans for Common Sense has developed into
one of the most active organizations on campus.
That activity will take its most public form tonight as the
founder of Common Sense, former U.S. Senator George
McGovern, speaks at 8 p.m. in Memorial Hall.
The UNC chapter was begun, two weeks after the national
headquarters open last January, by senior Doug Berger.
Berger said his involvement began after he participated in
a counter-inaugural march in Washington, D.C Given the
choice of watching the new president ride down the street or
going to McGovern' s office, he chose the latter and brought
to Chapel Hill the basis for forming an organization, he said.
"I put a desk outside the Union, and in the first two weeks
about two hundred people signed up, expressing concern,"
Berger said.
Newly elected Chairperson Ted Johnson said the group
continued to grow with much diversity.
"We have people in Common Sense who worked with the
Reagan, Anderson, Carter and Kennedy campaigns. We have
a Baptist chaplain and two leaders in American Atheists"
Johnson said that while Common Sense included persons
on both sides of the abortion issue, the base pf its support was
"moderate to liberal."
The local ACS chapter has also drawn several people out
side the University from the Chapel Hill area. Noticing the
rapid growth of the chapter, McGovern invited Berger, John
son and nine others to meet with him last April. The group
stayed in a youth hostel in Washington, D.C; and after
having lunch with the Common Sense staff, discussed its
plans with McGovern.
Those plans included speakers and forums on current is
sues and the main project of last spring, "A Marketplace of
Ideas," which brought different political groups together
with arguments intended to educate and inform people on
current issues.
Vice chairman Alice Carmichael, who helped publish a
pamphlet, "Is the 'Moral Majority' Either?," said that one
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V.:
DTH Jay Hyman
Doug Berger sits at Common Sense table
, organization sponsors forums, speakers
of the purposes of ACS was to educate people on "radical
right" groups that use scare tactics on single issues to push
candidates into office.
"A major focus of Common Sense is to have forums that
inform people of the consequences so they will have at least
thought about the issues before making a decision," Carmi
chael said.
Berger also accused right-wing politicians of standing on
single issues to force opposition out of office. -
"In this and many other 1 states, the Panama Canal issue
was the sole issue to overthrow congressmen. Public officials
will soon be afraid to take a stand on issues because someone
will challenge them," he said.
Carmichael said, "You can't pick an issue out of a hat and
hold it up and form an ideology based on that one issue."
Johnson said, "People may feel abortion is the most im
portant issue, but they should still consider other issues."
Berger and Johnson stressed that ACS is a bipartisan group
that presents all sides of an issue.
They said that the new right doesn't deal with issues such
as abortion as being complex, but instead labels the opposi
tion "anti-family" or "baby-killer."
"Our objection to the 'right to life' movement is not their
stand but how they push their ideals," Berger said.
"They (the new right) will use any type tactic to get their
man elected," Berger said.
One of the group's coming events will be Sept. 23, when
the Rev. W. W. Rnlator will speak on "The Threat to Religious
Freedom from the New Right."
Ewa Lee makes a point about the current situation in Poland
... she and her husband, Lee, will soon leave to spend a year there
TTTT!
By KEN MINGIS
DTH Staff Writer
The installation of a new $12 million
electronic switching service this summer
has delayed the connection of telephones
for about 200 students on the University
campus.
"We had some sections of cable that
were bad," Southern Bell District Man
ager Mike Carson said Friday. "But the
problem has been pretty much corrected
and should not recur. ; v i
"After we received the work ordersTor
the phones, we tried to run a test on the
lines. The first night we found about 50
or so lines with trouble. It got so we'd test
one night, clear up those problems the'
next day, then do it again."
Junior Jim Thompson said he had to
wait a week and a half to get his phone
hooked up. "My parents couldn't get in
touch with me and had to relay messages
through my brother," he said. "If I had
to call out, I used the hall phone or went
to somebody's room. It's just a good
thing I don't order a lot of pizzas."
Another junior, Byron Brendle, was in
a similar situation. "Lots of people tried
to call me," he said. They thought that I
was talking all the time because they were
getting a busy signal."
Except for this problem, service was in
stalled quickly, Carson said. More than
2,500 phones were connected on or before
the day customers' orders were to be filled.
The phone company usually estimates
that service will begin two business days
after it receives an order to start service.
"In Chapel Hill we know when the stu
dents are returning," Carson said. "The
wiring and phones are already in place.
manager
lOG
face lonely job
to get 6free rent'
By RANDY WALKER
DTH Staff Writer
" It's confining, but you get paid for sleeping. Basically
it's free rent," Pat Griffith said. ,
, "It's a live-in job," James Dockery said.
UNC students Griffith and Dockery manage the Insti
tute of Government building and its 44-room residence
hall. The Institute is across the intramural field from Car
michael Auditorium.
"It's quiet," Dockery said. "Very few people know
what the Institute is or where it is. I don't have people
coming by and bugging me. I usually just study.,
"But, it does get lonely."
The Institute, a part of the University, holds week-long,
classes for visiting city, county and state officials. The
rooms in the residence hall have twin beds and sinks.
Seven have private bathrooms.
"I lock up the doors," said Dockery, a second-year law
student. "I sit the desk for five hours each day I'm on
duty. I act as a guide to most of our guests if they have
questions what to eat, where's the night life. Just
make sure everything's in order.
"I get 45 hours one week and 22-23 the other. We al
ternate. One week I work Monday, Wednesday, Friday
and the weekend. The next 1 work Tuesday and Thursday."
Dockery and Griffith pay $9 per night for their rooms,
and have some money left over. "It's enough to cover
your meals and maybe some expenses," Griffith said.
Dockery said the residence hall was usually booked to
capacity every week during the year.
"With the women that come in, we have some irate
husbands call in," Griffith said. "One's called me; at
least one's called James, saying he was going to beat hell
""1
DTHJay Hyman
Wayne Rudd, a visitor Jo tho Institute of Government, studies in his room
... many state and local officials participate in IOG programs each year
but of his wife and James, too, if we didn't get ahold of
her and have her call him."
But, the job usually is much more routine, Griffith
said.
"I have to be present in the building from 12 to 6
(a.m.) You're on call. Somebody will call me and say,
'Hey, I can't get into my bathroom.
"It definitely does get lonely," he said. "On the holi
days, it's only one of us here; we don't have each other
to keep company."
"Over Christmas break, when everyone has gone
home, Pat and I will have to stay here," Dockery said.
"I'll take one week, he'll take another. Someone has to
be in the Institute."
The job has some advantages, though.
"It's convenient in that I can study while I'm at the
desk," said Griffith, a senior biology and business major.
"Otherwise, I wouldn't do it'
"My day is basically class, studying and running,"
Dockery said. "Extracurricular work at times any
thing to break the monotony. I do volunteer work for an
attorney; I'm a member of BALSA Black American
Law Student Association."
Dockery started working after exams in May. "The
other two guys working here graduated; the jobs passed
to Pat and me."
Institute director John Sanders said, "We don't have a
large enough staff to have full-time professionals seven
days a week. We need someone who's around on off
hours. That's why we used students - we found them
reliable."
Dockery has a stereo but no TV in his room.
"It makes me more disciplined. When I'm here, I just
study. What else is there to do? Can't go out and party."
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What we do when we receive an order is
input it into the computer.
"The idea that all we do is flip a switch
is common. Actually, the information is
put in the computer, then must be sent to
the billing department in Charlotte, to di
rectory assistance and is finally put on
microfiche.
"It's like an iceberg 10 percent of
the process you see, but 90 percent you
don't," he said.
Carson also said the hook-up phone
charge was less than it was four years agd
"We began the mass sign-up credit three
years ago as a way of lowering costs," he
said. "We wanted a method where we
didn't have to send representatives around
to the students. .
"The, Residence Hall Association dis
tributes the cards to the students, and we
gather them back up. Obviously, a delay
in getting the cards back to us would cause
a delay in connecting the phones.
"Hopefully, people will find that with
the new system their calls are going through
quicker," he said.
' Last year students on campus were
served by the Manning Drive station,
Carson said. All calls went through there
and were then routed to the Rosemary
Street station.
''Getting long distance calls out after
11:00 p,m, was very difficult. First, you
had to get a line to the Manning station.
Then, if you could get one open to the sta
tion on Rosemary Street, your call would
go through. Actually, someone not on
campus and served only by the Rosemary
station had a better chance of getting out."
This system, the finest, most modern
system available, can handle 240,000 calls
an hour, Carson said.
Southern MeWs rates
to shifty official says
By KEN MINGIS
DTH Staff Writer
The release of telephone bills in the next
few days will probably provoke the usual
grumbling from students about local rates
and charges for hook-ups and long dis
tance calls.
What is the future of telephone rates?
Prices will continue to rise, Southern
Bell District Manager Mike Carson said
Friday. "But, we're at the point now
where the whole scenario for the phone
company is changing. I'm not even sure
what things will be like six months from
now."
Competition over long distance calls is
lowering their cost. But the result of the
competition for the consumer will be an
increase in local rates, CarsQn said.
"Long distance subsidizes local calling.
When the competition underprices us, we
have to raise local rates. We have a rate
hike, now pending, that would raise local
costs by $3.50 or $4 a month.
"By March of 1982, long distance call
ing will be completely deregulated and en-
tirely competitive. When that happens,
prices for service will be driven closer to
actual cost. Long distance prices will go
down, and local rates will go up to cover
the cost."
Another proposal being tested in some
areas of North Carolina is measured ser
vice, he said. "Measured service would
charge each customer a small monthly rate
and give him a set number of "free" calls
per month. After this allotment was used
up, he would be charged for any extra
calls.
"It would give the customer some con
trol over his bill. The more a person uses
the phone, the more he would pay."
Carson explained how initial hook-up
rates were established. "We decided on a
standard rate for everyone based on aver
age costs. It doesn't matter if a person is
on an older phone system that costs more
to hook up, or a newer one like ours,"
Carson said. He said the system was fair
to the customer because a person' had no
control over the type of system used where
be lives.
"If we billed each cne on a individual
basis, the initial cost would be enormous
in some cases; it could break down to
$4,000 to hook up a phone in some places.
Why should someone be punished for
something over which he has no control?"
Southern Bell averages the prices out,
Carson said. "The government says that
we are here to provide universal phone
service at the lowest cost possible. That
can't be done if phone service isn't afford
able. We have to ask ourselves, 'Do we
give one customer a better rate, or do we
spread it out?"'
As costs go up, Southern Bell does what
it can to cut its costs, Carson said. "Our
energy consumption is 25 percent less than
it was a few years ago. We even keep track
of the miles-per-gallon rating of our vehi
cles. And in many cases, such as local
calls, we aren't charging what our actual
cost is.
"It's hard for people to understand this,
when they hear that Southern Bell earned
profits of $70 million, for example. You
have to remember that this is on an invest
ment of $1 billion. That's only about a 7
percent return rate. And this is on money
that we have borrowed," Carson said.
"We just can't afford to do that for
long. And right now, we have projections
for $2 billion in investment over the next
few years. We have to provide a low-cost
service, but still get the dollars to invest,
no matter how much they cost."
The phone business is changing rapidly,
Carson said. "This industry is being de
regulated in many ways. Ultimately, I
would project that customers will buy
their phones from one company, have
someone else do the inside wiring and de
pend on the phone company to provide the
line to the house. The whole industry is
undergoing changes."