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8The Daily Tar Heelfi"hurscJdy. Octohr t. 1981 Jim Hummi l. Edn Susan Mauney. Muug Edn Jonathan Rich, a Edit John Drescher. Asmmu- m Edwin a Ralston, Vmvniiy Edm John Royster. cny Edit Charles Wlkhvou.suiu-and Nani Edit Beth Burrell, nh Edn Clifton Barnes. Sw Edit Tom Moore, a m Editor Keith King, farum Edn Scott Sharpe, pkmphy Edit Ann Peters, -spwih Edit Chuck James. OmW$ mm fflaiig 89th year of editorial freedom Econ 101 As the rising cost of a college education forces students to economize, the price of textbooks has become a real concern to many UNC students. Figures recently released by Student Government indicate that professors are not as dedicated to holding down the costs of books and of education as they should be. . .. . Increasing numbers of students have turned to buying and selling secondhand-books as a means of offsetting the exorbitant price of new texts. But the success of the UNC Student Stores' secondhand-book pro gram depends on knowing well in advance which books will be required by University professors. If book orders are turned in late, Student Stores cannot easily purchase used books and must instead buy more expensive new ones. The high national demand for used books requires that Student Stores have as much time as possible to place its orders. Late book orders cause a dual problem in that students must not only pay more for their books, but also receive less for selling them back. Without any assurance that old books will be used the next semester, Stu dent Stores can only offer students a lower, wholesale price. Figures released by the University Services Committee of Student Government indicate a widespread negligence in meeting the book order deadline for last semester, with many departments turning more than 75 percent of their orders in late. The history and anthropology departments were especially delinquent. Granted, changes in faculty and uncertainty over future courses are legitimate causes for delay. But too often, late orders result from carelessness or an unwillingness on the part of professors to plan ahead. These are costly actions from the students' point of view. The geology department, having turned in 89 percent of its orders on time, is proof that the early deadlines can be met. This department at tributes its success to assigning one person to specifically handle all book orders. As the Oct. 9 deadline for next semester's book orders ap proaches, other departments should also find means to circumvent their costly procrastination. Council changes The Bottom Line Cleaning up Because there had been too much horsing around on the only sidewalk in Hermantown, Minn., the city council decided to put its hoof down. The suburb of about 7,000 resi dents has been moving toward be coming an industrial center, and sof the council passed a resolution for bidding horses from walking on Her mantown's only sidewalk. Mayor Helmer Ruth said ' horses were creating a nuisance," a nice way of saying they were making a mess. Riders were not cleaning up after ward and citizens who wanted to walk on the sidewalk had to be extra careful to watch their step. Sod was put down this spring be t ween the sidewalk and the road in an attempt to alleviate the problem, but it did not work. Townspeople continued to complain. "We heard little rumblings at first," Ruth said. "It finally got to the point where we had to pass the resolution."' So they did. So now horses can no longer walk on the sidewalk of Hermantown and pedes trians the human kind can walk with far less caution and without holding their noses. UMC professor investigates FBI -operation When the Campus Governing Council in 1980 voted to increase the number of seats from 20 to 27, the members felt it would provide greater representation on the council. " r ',' ' , . ' 'TfterHe announcement,, that only two students have filed for six open council seats, however, proved this might not be the case. The CGC proposal in 1980 allowed for one member to represent ap proximately 750 students instead of the previous, one per 1,000. But since that time, resignations and a subsequent lack of candidates to fill the empty seats have plagued the effectiveness of the larger council. This fall alone, six members resigned from the council. When the final fil ing deadline for several offices passed Tuesday, only two students had showed any interest. Clearly, some action is needed. By reducing the council size, the district lines would stretch to include more areas. Larger districts would enhance the likelihood of serious candidates running for office from each district. This does not mean that a smaller council alone would provide a larger number of students willing to run for office. Rather, students must become more aware of the role the council plays. Each year, the CGC allocates more than $200,000 to campus organizations and plays an in tegral role in events like Chapel Thrill. Scheduling conflicts also deter students' interest from ranning for council. Each spring new council members find themselves thrown into day-long budget hearings, just weeks after being elected. By moving the budget hearings to the fall, the burden would be spread evenly throughout the year and provide new council members with a transitional period before they face the budget requests. The responsibility lies with the students to become more aware of the council's as well as Student Government's role at the University. But the CGC, by rescheduling its calendar and reducing the number of seats on the council, could go a long way toward help itself. By KERR Y DeROCHI When Martin Luther King Jr. gained national pro minence at the forefront of the civil rights movement, he became the subject of a new FBI file. As a spokesman and role model for blacks nationwide, King introduced new standards for the movement civil disobedience replacing violent clashes between races. The file thickened, but not from newspaper clippings. For six years, until his death in 1968, King was the target of an extensive surveillance campaign. In his book, The FBI and Martin Luther King Jr., From "Solo" to Memphis, UNC Assistant Professor David J. Garrow correlated the bureau's investigation of King from wire tappings to penetration of the, Southern Christian Leadership. Conference. His study questioned the motives behind a costly surveillance campaign and the reasons why King was targeted, attempting to understand the role of the intelligence agency. Garrow, 28, earned his doctorate in political science at Duke University, concentrating on the life of King' and the emergence of the SCLC. While searching for a motive behind the bureau's in vestigation, Garrow exposed one of the bureau's most well-kept secrets, the ''Solo" operation, an infiltration of the Communist Party of the United States. For more than 25 years, Morris and Jack Childs had worked as FBI informants while holding high posts within the Par ty. The operation provided the background for the FBI's future concentration on threats of communist influence. At first Garrow's work went unnoticed by the bureau. He was able to piece together information on the opera tion from former government officials. He revealed the names through leading scholars on the Communist par ty. "Then I began calling the bureau and said I want to talk about Jack and Morris Childs," Garrow said. "They immediately asked, 'how did you get those names?"' Mailbox art There's nothing like a ride through the country for a picturesque view of America's trees, meadows, moun tains, valleys, brooks and streams.' But for Jeff Gordon, a Bowling Green State University instructor, it's the view of the mailboxes, not the trees, that he enjoys most. So far, he has found pistons and crankshafts used for the mailboxes of mechanics, plows and milk cans by farmers and outboard motors and anchors by boaters. Others have used beer kegs, old tires, sewer pipes, auto mufflers, fence posts and yes, even a com mode. The most unusual mailbox Gor don found, however, was one built by a college music professor. Made from a tuba, it played one to five tunes when the postman .made 3his daily rounds. So the next time you are riding through the country, look at the mailboxes and forget about the trees. Or better yet, move the tree to the front yard, attach a flag, and make a mailbox out of it. And that, for all you nature lovers, is the bottom line. yots Since that time, Garrow said he had received mild threats and hinted bribes from bureau officials to pre vent his publication of the material. "Later in their investigation of me, they worked on the assumption that some guy who worked for them for some reason had gotten pissed off and had spilled his guts. They had this boy-with-finger-in-dike view of the world. "They didn't want the book to come out, but they haven't done anything nasty. They could well have been serious about the money. In these cases they usually leave it in an iffy situation, trying to see if someone will change their minds for money." Garrow said the information from the "Solo" opera tion explained the bureau's sudden interest in King. The Childs' brothers named Stanley Levison as key in the distribution of Soviet money into the Communist Party. Officials later spied Levison with King and grew suspicious of the friendship. "From January 1962 to the fall of 1963, the whole focus was to come up with some collaboration tidbit to prove what is Levison's influence on King and what is it King has been doing that was stimulated by Levison," Garrow said. King was warned by government officials, including President John F.. Kennedy, of Levison's background and his suspect intentions. In March, 1962, the Attorney General's office authorized the use of wiretaps in the in vestigation. As a result of the wiretapping, bureau officials grew obsessed with King's personal life, Garrow said. That . King was married, and had several girlfriends, he said, enraged bureau officials. Director J. Edgar Hoover and his assistant, William C. Sullivan, ordered bugs be plac ed in each hotel room where King stayed. Levison and the communists were forgotten. But the obsession with King's personal life waned, Garrow said, when officials failed to get publicity for their information. "They focused on approaching the (papers) most sup portive of the movement and said, 'Hey, you guys sup port (King), but this is the truth. Print this'," Garrow , said. "Even the hostile newspapers would not touch it. Like gossip about JFK, there was a strong tradition against running that stuff ." Garrow said-Hoover's thwarted efforts with investiga tions on King's personal life increased Hoover's desire to taint King professionally. So he turned to King's political career. The bureau penetrated the high positions of the SCLC and hired James A. Harrison as an informant. At the time, Harrison was an accountant in the finance of fice for the Conference. Later he became one of King's key advisers and one of the bureau's key agents. Garrow said the bureau's investigations changed in focus, but operated out of paranoia. What the FBI perceived as a cultural threat it sought to suppress. This fear gradually switched the officials' skepticism to hatred. Garrow suggested the greater intensity of "hatred decreased the bureau's professionalism. When King won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, Hoover made national headlines by denouncing King as a liar. Sullivan, director of the intelligence operations, sent King an anonymous letter and a package of tapes, from the bugging. "King, like all frauds, your end is approaching," Sullivan wrote. "We will now have to depend on our older leaders like Wilkins, a man of character, and thank God we have others like him. But you are done. Your 'honorary degrees, your Nobel Prize (what a grim farce) and other awards will not save you. King, I repeat, you are done." The FBI continued its investigation of King until his death in 1968. Since then, the bureau has 'changed, but problems still exist inherent in the bureau's structure, Garrow said. Too often people have blamed Hoover for the intensity of bureau investigations. But the problem was the structure which made the director the overseer of every activity, he said. "The problem is too often we have a bad character view of history, and the FBI has had a lot of bad characters," Garrow said. "Thius view is too restrictive. The problem is much more a matter of unrestricted I s - . y - - V i ' f ' f .-. x v i-A 4 V x DTHScott Sharpe UNC professor David Garrow ... recently wrote book on FBI bureaucracies and the surrender of individual judgment in large institutions where no one is thinking for. themselves. "The (Joseph) Conrad theme is if you unchain man generically from his restrictions in society, what you get is a beast. The other view is that evil is not incarnate in man's soul, not something that can be beaten down by puritan interests. It is more an unconcious byproduct of following social routines that large groups are suscepti ble to." Garrow said, the FBI's position within government must be studied. Set apart from other governmental agencies, the FBI has maintained a sense of autonomy, gnawing at the power the Senate and House committees have over bureau actions. Before the problem can be solved, the FBI must open up to the public, he said. "I don't think the bureau by itself can dp it," Garrow said. "The problem with the intelligence (agency) is it has to be removed from being a quasi-secretive society of the elect. It is too much a sort of the tightly held, old-boy -network, viewed as a professional fraternity. "Congressmen and others have defended themselves by saying that the bureau was on its own. But first, the Justice Department and the White House did know oftt; they can't dismiss that. Second, a lot of the cultural . -. values, biases and hatreds you see in the FBI are not atypical to the bureau, but are seen in American society "The bureau acted as a sort of champion of American principles." Kerry DeRochi, a junior journalism and English major from Greensboro, is an editorial writer for The Daily Tar Heel. Letters to the editor P To the editor: In light of the Nestle's boycott of Byrd's grocery store next week, I would like to praise the local UNC Right to Life group for its endorsement of the boycott. Per haps this organization will continue in this direction, moving away from the single issue of abortion, and begin to address other life issues that should be considered on the public agenda. Such issues as nuclear war, human rights and capital punishment are all is sues that should be used if one is going to determine whether a politician values the sanctity of life. Obviously such a policy change will de mand citizens to make a more complex but responsible vote at the polls. For ex ample, President Ronald Reagan is op posed to abortion, but adamantly sup ports Nestle's right to advertise its pro ducts in the manner in which it does. Sen. Edward Kennedy accords women the right to choose on the question of abortion, but he supports restrictions on Nestle's activities. People may still feel that a candidate's position on abortion is the most salient factor in casting their votes, but they will have at least considered these other issues that concern life and death matters. 1 Douglas Berger Former Chairperson Americans for Common Sense Point rebuttal To the editor: The letter "IM controversy," (DTH, Sept. 29) raised some questions about the intramural program. UjjfprtunatelyDon Hobart did not offer plausible answers for those questions. In addition to making factual errors (Teague did not win volley bail by one point; the rules require a two-. point margin), Hobart wrongly concludes that Teague is dissatisfied with the em phasis placed on participation. Perhaps a bit of clarification is in order. ' The residents of Teague ask only that a point system be established and adhered to for more than two" semesters. Last year's system was not devised until De cember; at that time Teague had already won titles in two major sports and two minor sports. The de-emphasis of. success did hurt us in our quest for the champion ship, but we do not begrudge the Gran ville DW team for what they have earned. The simple fact is that the system we are now operating under values participation above ability. The boys' from DW did a good job in taking advantage of the sys tem. Teague has a rich history in IMs. The . championship had never-been won three times in a row until Teague did it in 1973. In 1975, after Teague had won the title for the fifth consecutive year, the intra mural department split the dorm into two units. In 1976, Teague A and Teague B tied for the title. A mYy k VI r. 1 h rr-ru it I fc-':witnnum Ji n n Teague's string of titles was interrupted in 1980 when the men from Lewis made a fine effort. But Lewis has run into the same problem Teague has: the IM pro gram is designed to penalize those who do" well. The splitting of Teague is a good exam ple of this bias. Teague B is currently the smallest unit on campus. But all of Ehringhaus is one unit, and all of Hen derson Residence College is allowed to combine points. The reasoning behind these groupings is that since certain units didn't participate last year,, they won't this year. But a system stressing participa tion gives larger units a distinct advantage. We point Out these weaknesses because we are interested in seeing the intramural program here continue to flourish. While we in Teague have many other interests, IMs are a part of our tradition, and we do not intend to forget our proud history. .On a personal level, we point out that Teague A has 1 14 men, and Teague B has just 84 men; it isn't hard to see that DW, with 126, has an advantage when it comes to participation. Greg Batten and 64 others Teague Residence Hall Deb apology To the editor: I started reading John Drescher's column, "Apologizing to debutantes an agonizing task," (DTH, Sept. 29) with the expectation that he was going to rein force the well-aimed sarcasm of his earlier , editorial. The narcissistic superfluity of deb rituals indeed, the entire elitist structure v championed by debutant pa geantry, ,js , a plausible setting for a group to. be incensed by an editorial skewer. '" "'. ' ' ' I could just imagine true debs pro claiming their haughty indifference to the squawking of a low-life not "in the know," while privately filming and a venging soiled taffeta by hounding poor John. From there I could see John affirming deb silliness by satirizing their shock at his spike. But by the end of his column I almost had to believe he's sincerely sorry - at offending the frivolous. Certainly he pulled his punch too much. After all, his initial attack was a helpful focus on a part of Americana that is ridiculously self-indulgent, a glorifica tion of conspicuous consumption and smug power that by itself is merely quaint, but when set in context with, oh, say, the despair of poverty or the cruelty of racism, is obscene. Yes, we all know the gamut of Ameri can problems. In fact, they're so persis-, tent that they sometimes decay , into cliches, and debs and royal wedding are often considered a sort of comic relief. See the pretty people; how refreshing, life isn't all bad. But those at the "top" are at least as duty-bound to fight social ills as anyone, and certainly they command more capital and influence with which to do battle. Why should we smile at the public extra vagance and class elitism of the wealthy? Deb balls may at best be seen by non participants as an oasis of calm decadence in a brutal world, but they aren't staged for our relief. They are not intended to make poor folks smile or ease their strug-'; gle; instead they are meant to be parties ' for the rich to preen and gawk at them- , selves. I hope Drescher's semirecanting does not in any way obscure or excuse a social misfortune that would be trivial if it was not also an insulting symbol of the regrettable excesses of wealth. Michael Sharsky. G-l Coionv ADtS. Damned if you do and ... To the editor, . In regard to John Drescher's futile at tempt at an apology, "Apologizing to debutantes an agonizing task," (DTH, Sett. 29) I would like to clarify the bla- i tant misquotes. Although my name was not mentioned specifically, the context made the quote "sufficiently revealing. Was it really neces sary to ad lib at my expense for the sole purpose of creating such a sarcastic tone? I think not! . It is needless to recap the details of our conversation. But the fact remains that the conversation printed and the true conversation have absolutely nothing in John, the money you spent on roses should have been used to purchase a hearing aid! This is not intended to be a vicious retort simply a chance to redeem my character. Deedee Baker Kingswood Apts.
Daily Tar Heel (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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Oct. 1, 1981, edition 1
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