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4The Daily Tar HeelWednesday, February 2, 1983 ailg POrz of editorial freedom If John Drescher, Eitor ANN PETERS, Managing Editor t ; KEN MlNGIS, Associate Editor Rachel Perry, University Edit Lucy Hood, cuy Editor JIM WRINN, State and National Editor S.L. PRICE, Sports Editor Linda Robertson, Associate Editor ELAINE McCLATCHEY, Pwjects Editor Teresa Curry, Feature Editor Jeff Grove, Am Editor Jane Calloway, Weekend Editor 4 LAURA SEIFERT, News Editor AL STEELE, Photography Editor GELAREH 'ASAYESH, Contributions Editor w ft El Salvador iar ft The murder goes on in El Salvador. Civilians are still shot down by both government and guerrilla forces. But, the Reagan administration assures us, things are getting better. True, 36,000 Salvadorans have died in the past four years, but the body count is down from 800 a month in 1980 to a mere 200. So to prevent a "totalitarian Marxist regime" from establishing a foothold in the Western Hemisphere, President Ronald Reagan last week certified to Congress that the efforts' of the Salvadoran government justified another $25 million in military aid. Reagan decided to continue his aid policy despite El Salvador's mixed record on fulfilling each of the certification requirements set by Congress. The U.S.-backed government army is falling apart, plagued by disorganization and mutiny. The second phase of the land reform program has never been put into effect. Salvadoran judicial officials continue to drag their feet in the investigation of the December 1980 murders of four American churchwomen and the killings of two American agrarian reform advisers and one Salvadoran. In the second case, the confessed triggermen said they got their orders from Army Lt. Rodolfo Lopez Sibrian, who was set free and now is on active duty in the province of Chalatenango. The most dismal failure has occurred in the area of human rights. Delegation after delegation returns from El Salvador with reports of corpses found in gar bage dumps and photographs of decapitated bodies. Medical experts tell of un mistakable evidence of torture, starvation and an appalling breakdown in medical care. Lars Schoultz, a UNC associate professor of political science and a Latin American studies expert, recently returned from a week-long visit, convinced that American support of a repressive government only fuels opposition to that government. Reagan has yet to realize that his policy is backfiring. Schoultz cited similar scenarios in Nicaragua and Iran. "There's nothing you can do to help the far left more," Schoultz said. . By giving the military government his seal of approval, Reagan is ensuing a bloody, protracted struggle. He may keep the government from losing, but more money will not make it a success in the hearts of the people. Right now, the government's plan for peace and the guerrillas' plan are mutually exclusive. The United States could take a much more constructive course by promoting an end to civil war through negotiation rather than reducing the entire conflict to a war between the forces of democracy and communism which the United States must win. As it stands, the United States, Mexico and Venezuela are all headed off on their separate ways; -three different paths to peace are running into dead ends. If those three countries could cooperate with both the government and the guerrillas and push for negotiated settlement, true progress might be achieved. The present stalemate only prolongs the war. In El Salvador there is still no end in sight. n - U ut If I 1 O" v rr 1a I !CV 1 1 T7 T7 T7" UV1Y Ths Ku Kfux Klan burns a cross at sunrise during rally under the robe J DTHScott Sharpe By LUCY HOOD Prime time fun "The Jim and Jesse Show" ?That might be what Sen. Jesse Helms had in mind Monday when he proposed a series of monthly debates between him and N.C. Gov. Jim Hunt. Not content to filibuster in the U.S. Senate, the senior senator from North Carolina wants to turn his oratorical prowess on Hunt, who is likely to seek Helms' senate seat in next year's election. Helms made the proposal after a full-page ad criticizing him appeared Sunday in two North Carolina newspapers. Never mind that the senate election is more than a year and a half away, or that Helms may be able to find more important things to do in Washington. Of course, senators in D.C. probably would love nothing better than to send the long-winded Helms back to the state that elected him. Hunt's not going for the debates right now, but wait until the next time he sees himself on TV. If nothing else, "The Jim and Jesse Show" would give the gover nor another chance to plug his favorite lighthouse, drunk-driving plan and crime control package. Oh, what fun. Move over, Gong Show. Here come Jim and Jesse. 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L " ,64 65 I 1 1 I M 1 1 11 1 i II 1 1S33 Tribune Company syndicate, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2383 The white robe and the hood have been associated with the Ku Klux Klan for more than 100 years symbolizing a fierce and sometimes violent campaign against blacks, Jews, communists and any other group that threatens the Klan goal of white supremacy. But the man cloaked in his robe of courage is just an ordinary man without his costume. He often is a lower class white man who struggles with a tedious, boring job in a position below the blacks, Jews and foreigners who, he says, have invaded the United States to take executive positions jobs he might have if only his skin color made him qualified. Instead, he brings home just enough money to pay the bills just in time to start worrying about the next set to come pouring through the mail. He can't get ahead. Essentially, he is a man who finds himself caught at the bottom of the American system of capitalism. But rather than blame the system, he supports it and throws the blame toward other radical groups as the cause of his plight. Dwayne Walls is a lecturer in the School of Journalism who wrote stories about the Klan for The Charlotte Observer in the 1960s. He described the typical Klahsman as a frustrated, lower-class white man. "The association with the Klan is fueled by frustration at the govern ment, at his boss, at his station in life, at his position in the social pecking order," Walls said. "Nobody has stepped forth to be his champion. The government was for 'niggers' and 'poor folk,' " he said, Glenn Miller, Grand Dragon for the Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Han, agreed. "We (white people) are in telligent enough to realize that we (black and white peo ple) have different capabilities," he said. "But the govern ment wants to tell us that we're equal." Miller is a former member of the Nazi party that took part in the 1979 Greensboro shootings between the Com munist Workers Party and the Klan-Nazi Party coalition. Five members of the CWP were killed and the six suspects charged with murder were acquitted. Soon after that, the, Nazi Party disbanded and Miller started the Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan in Angier, about 20 miles south of Raleigh. As do most Klan organizations, Miller's faction periodically sponsors cross burnings, secret meetings, arms demonstrations and Klan rallies. All meetings, whether private or public recruitment campaigns, concentrate on preaching the supremacy of the white race. The Klan also participates in the political process. Four North Carolina Klansmen ran for various political offices in the state in the November 1982 elections. One candidate made it past the primaries into the general election. John Gooding competed with three other candidates for three seats in the N.C. House of Representatives. He lost, win ning 4,726 votes out of 49,236. Miller also ran for the state Senate representing Sanford County, but he lost in the primaries to John D. Johnson. At an arms demonstration held on Miller's farm one Saturday last November, Miller explained his opinion that the power of Jews, blacks and Communists in America constitutes a threat to white supremacy. He said blacks were inferior and deserved neither finan cial nor legislative aid from the federal government. He said Jews control the money power in the United States and manipulate the government, the Federal Reserve Bank and all powerful businesses in the country. And as for the Communist Party of America, Miller said it was controlled by Jews as well. ' "There is a plot conspiracy by international bankers Jews who want one world government," he said. "Communism is run by the Jews . . . Jews control the money system in American and the Federal Reserve (Bank) . . . The Jews are working from within. They will pull the rug from under everyone's feet and replace the Constitution with communism." Each person reading those words reacts differently. Some agree, some don't and others choose to ignore. Nor man Olshansky, the regional director for the B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation League, responded by reading between the lines and analyzing what he said were the thought pro cesses behind this type of Klan rhetoric. Referring to the Man and the Communist Party, he said, "If one did not exist, the other would have to invent the opposition." In other words, the need to fight for something such as white supremacy means that something communism, Jews, or blacks is impeding the success and must be fought against. As Allen Trelease, a history professor at UNC Greensboro, explained that each resurgence of the Klan was a reaction to the increasing strength of antagonistic organizations. ' The Klan first organized in Tennessee in 1866. It began fighting for white supremacy in the South on the basis that supremacy was threatened by the black man after the Union's victory in the Civil War, he said. Klansman Joe Grady tells the story differently, how ever. Grady is the leader for the White Knights of Liberty, whose North Carolina headquarters is just outside Winston-Salem. Grady said when Confederate soldiers returned from the Civil War and began raising cotton again, a lot of black militia soldiers started taking land from white farm owners. "They raped, burned and stole," Grady said. "Somewhere, someone had to fight back." He said the Klan was led by Nathan Bedford Forest and that it fought against the disenfranchisement of the Southerners. The vote was taken away from whites, he said, and the Klan disbanded when the Southern whites regained that right. The Klan surged again in 1915 when another group emerged to threaten its supremacy. A flood of immigrant joined the ranks of the black man on the Man's enemy list, Trelease said. At this time, Man membership swelled to 4 million, reaching its peak in numbers and influence. Since then the Man has declined to its present member ship of 10,000. But the decline has not been steady. A surge in the '50s is attributed to the Man's pro-Cold War and anti-Communist propaganda. Trelease said the Man's popularity at this time thrived on McCarthyism. Another larger surge in the '60s is attributed to the Man's opposition to the Gvil Rights Movement, he said. ' Although the present membership appears to be mini scule in comparison to the size of the Han in the 1920s, Olshansky said: "For every member of the Han, there are 10 sympathizers." And as Walls put it, "We have a hell of a lot of Klansmen that don't call themselves Klansmen." Another difference between the Han of the early 1900s and the one of today is its organization. In the '20s, the Han was one united organization. Today it is divided into several national organizations and numerous local fac tions, some of which are branches of national groups and. others which are independent. In North Carolina there are five major factions of the Man. They are divided into more localized groups called dens, which usually repre sent the counties for the state organizations. Some Mans campaign more strongly against the black population; others may choose to make Jews or Communists their primary target. When Joe Grady was giving his account of the Man's past, he skipped the history lessons from the '50s and '60s and jumped to 1982. He compared Miller's group and his own White Knights of Liberty. Grady cited two differences between his group and the Carolina Knights. He said Miller's group was associated with the National Knights of the Ku Mux Man run by Im perial Wizard Don Black and with the National Associa tion for the Advancement of White People run by David Duke. In comparison, Grady said the White Knights did not associate with larger national or regional white supremist organizations. . Grady also said that he, unlike Miller.. was not anti Semitic. He attributed the strong anti-Semitism within the Carolina Knights to Miller's previous association with the Nazi Party, and said that was not typical of Mans in North Carolina. noni . Yet the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith dedi cates all its time and energy to monitoring anti-Semetic organizations, including all Man groups throughout the United States. . . .: . : - v . Grady has been active with the Man since its revival in the '60s. Miller's group is young it began less than three years ago. Their varying degrees of experience with the Man are reflected in their conversations. Miller is relative ly new to the Han and his fiery speeches reinforce the fact that his enthusiasm is still fresh. Grady is more subdued. Twenty years with the Man has given him a more realistic outlook on what the group can accomplish. "Our race's foundation is in the Bible," Miller said. "The Bible is the book of the white race. "What has happened in America today is that for the last 50 to 100 years, there has been a great influx of non white people." The chaplain for the Carolina Knights, Steve Miller, cited a Bible verse that he said refers to the white race as the superior race. "Cut off the sower Babylon, and him that handleth the sickle in the time of harvest: for feat of the oppressing sword they shall turn every one to his people and they shall flee every one to his own land. " Jeremiah 50:16. The chaplain said the verse meant each race should stay within its own country, and that the foreign races that have come to the United States should return to their homeland. "We're working to do it peacefully through the poli tical process," he said. Defending his white supremist views, Grady said: -I'm not anti-Sernitic nor am I anti-black, but I have "the right to associate, with whoever I please. I have nothing at all against blacks. But I don't think the races should be mixed." Grady and Miller represent only two of the Hans in North Carolina and the differences between the groups abound. But whether one group emphasizes anti-black sentiment, anti-Semitism or anti-communism, each fac tion is united by one common goal white supremacy. But Hanisrn does not begin or end with the Ku Klux Han. "Hanisrn is a state of mind," Walls said. "Hanisrn has been with us and always will be with us. As society marches on, stagnant pools are left behind. And as long as people are left out, we will have Hanism." Lucy Hood, a senior journalism and Spanish major from Richmond, Va.; is city editor of "The Daily Tar Heel. Pick it up To the editor: It is ironic, to say the least, that students of one of the leading universities in the na tion, after waiting diligently for tickets allowing them to be part of the No. 1 fans in the United States and to watch the country's classiest basketball team,, repeatedly leave the most beautiful campus in the world littered with piles of trash. One can assume that the individuals who fail to pick up their personal rubbish COUNTY LETTERS TO THE EDITOR from in front of, around and near Blue Heaven, do so either because they are very arrogant or very ignorant. In either case, they might fit in better at some other ACC school in the area and should be en couraged to transfer. This University deserves better. John W. Becton Office of Medical Center Public Affairs Hot stuff To the editor: - I've got one vote in the upcoming cam pus elections that I'll give to any candidate in any race who can bring the temperature in the Undergraduate Library down to anywhere near 90 degrees. It's got to be in the triple digits in here right now. I don't think a camel could concentrate upstairs. If Ben Lee had the money piling up over at Duke Power going to heat this greenhouse of a library, we could have the Beatles for Chapel Thrill. How about moderating the heat so we can study "with confidence." Frank Nocab Chapel Hill MKVK I SHOUWr HflME KQUE5TE 7H6 . rrrv r . i j . . V7 I II CWSSIFCP WVERT19N& FOR A KWTE WmeOAb5IFIEP&. PRETTY IRP5TVfF IFYWASKMg. Ml; "Chr jusriMAGtte MWI KJNt? OF HJT TwssoRrofiwNe ATTRACTS u6tfia 3 cut&tiep ' J PEANUTS by Charles M. Schulz ( UWATS WRON H j MAVB WE KMOU'S v 1 1 ANIMALS WILL SOMETIME 5 1 1oR WHEN 7WE PIZZAN 1 1 VUirrWHSM? J 50METMIN6 WE J S BEHAVE IRRATIONALLY I WAS TOO HOT ' ) 5 -V- PONT KN0UL C UWEN THEY 5N5 AM J I t t wurn " J dlOi LL Slmmt Srarctj rco
Daily Tar Heel (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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Feb. 2, 1983, edition 1
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