4The Daily Tar HeelThursday, November 17. 1983
Scientist calls Lucy
key to human origin
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By MARYMELDA HALL
Staff Writer
"I think there are a number of common denominators
all humans share where we come from, how we got
here, who we are," Donald Johanson said in a presenta
tion Tuesday night.
About 500 people braved a steady downpour and
slogged to Memorial Hall to hear Johanson, a renowned
paleoanthropologist, author and "old bones pusher."
Johanson's slide lecture was titled "Searching for Our
Ancestors."
"We are a special species," Johanson said. "We have a
fascination for unraveling mysteries, and we're also able
to piece together the puzzle. We just don't have a boxtop
picture to the puzzle of our ancestors."
The hypothetical picture of what happened millions of
years ago is always changing, Johanson said. "Lucy is one
of the pieces to the puzzle that there were no spots for, so
we had to rearrange the puzzle."
Lucy is the oldest, most complete skeleton of any erect
walking human ancestor ever found. Johanson and Tom
Gray, one of his students, discovered Lucy in 1974 in the
. Afar region of Ethiopia.
Lucy's gender was determined from the size of her
pelvis and her small stature of about VA feet. She was in
her early 20s and weighed about 50-55 pounds when she
died. She got her nickname from the Beatles' song "Lucy
in the Sky with Diamonds," Johanson said.
Perhaps even more important than the discovery of
Lucy was the discovery of the First Family in 1975, Johan
son said. The First Family is the fossilized remains of at
least 13 individuals, children and adults. This discovery
marked the first recovery of an associated group of in
dividuals. "We don't just take shovels and start digging to find
these fossils," Johanson said. "We walk and survey the
land, looking for fossils that are eroding out of deposits."
One of the earliest hints of horninid remains in the Afar
region was Johanson's discovery of a knee joint in 1973.
"I had done extensive graduate work on teeth," he said,
"so naturally I found a knee joint."
Johanson also spoke about other important discoveries
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DTHZano A. Saunders
Donald Johanson spoke Tuesday in Memorial Hall about Lucy, the oldest, most complete
skeleton of an erect-walking human ancestor ever found.
in the field of paleoanthropology, including anthropolo
gist Mary Leakey's 'discovery of footprints in Laetoli,
Africa. "At least two human ancestors left their trail in
the white volcanic ash of the region," Johanson said.
"The foot is smaller lhan the human foot and has a large
toe, but it was adapted to walking on the earth," he said.
"When I was at a party in Berkeley, or Beserkly, some
one asked me what my fantasy was. I told them I hoped
one of these Laetoli horninids had tripped and fallen on
his face," Johanson said.
Johanson believes his species Australopithecus afarensis
is the trunk of the evolution tree, the ancestor for two
separate branches, one leading to Australopithecus
robustus and the other to Homo sapiens, modern man.
Johanson has published more than 50 scientific and
popular articles that detail his work book It icy: The
'DTH' staff meeting set for Monday
Healey
Beginnings of Humankind, which tells the complete story
of his fossil discoveries, received the American Book
Award in the science book category in the Spring 1982.
Johanson currently serves as the director of the Institute
of Human Origins in Berkeley, Calif. He has said he in
tends to develop the institute into the primary center for
human research in the United States.
"If we can accept the undeniable fact that all humans
can be traced back to a common origin, then we can con
template where we're going. If the destiny of this species is
a common destiny, we will have a long and successful
future," Johanson said. "It would be a tremendous
tragedy if someone pushed the button, because then there
would be no one a thousand years from now to piece
together the puzzle."
From page 1
There will be a mandatory meeting for
. all DTH staffers Monday night at 9:30 in
disaster
the Union. Check the schedule for the
room number. Be there.
From page 1
He said that each dorm is equipped with fire alarm
systems hooked up to the county emergency com
munication system and that the campus fire alarm
systems will be hooked up to a campus police monitor
ing system within a year.
"I feel that we are prepared to deal with any situation
involving a gas leak, chemical spill or a fire," Sherman
said. "What we're not prepared for are things like freak
storms such as tornados.
"That is one of my biggest concerns about the cam-
Lebanon
pus, because I'm not sure how we would get in touch
with people to warn them. Then again, we're not in the
tornado belt, so we might never have to worry about
it," Sherman said.
Flury also said there was no plan for an all-campus
. emergency.
"Every building has an exiting plan concerning
anything like a tornado, but we would want to keep
people in the buildings in that case."
methods fail, they go to the world press and identify the
torturer and the victim.
If Amnesty doesn't know a person is being tortured
in a particular country, then the country assumes it
won't be caught, Healey said. By applying pressure to
the human rights violators, he said, Amnesty is in effect
cutting down on the torture.
"Nobody wants to be known as a torturer, and if
we identify them, half the time the torture ceases," he
said.
Often, Healey said, he was asked to compare the em
phasis on human rights in the Carter administration
with the Reagan adrrunistration. He said that Jimmy
Carter was now a member of Amnesty and he said that
his administration was responsible for making human
rights a household word.
"I don't like to compare one administration to the
next," he said. "We try to work with whoever is in of
fice to reach our goals."
Amnesty, which has 288 local prisoner of conscience
adoption groups, is a highly centralized and a highly
disciplined movement, Healey said. People think
Amnesty is a left-wing organization, but in the United
States it is a centralist group, he said. It is an interna
tional human rights organization critical of any country
that is guilty of human rights violations. "In this coun
try we are trying to abolish the death penalty, which we
feel is a blatant violation of human rights," he said.
From page 1
junk
From page 1
Wednesday's air raid was the second since the Tyre
bombing that killed 29 Israelis and 32 Lebanese
prisoners. The first reprisal raid came within hours of
the truck bomb explosion and was against bases of
Syrian-supported Palestinian guerrillas in Lebanon.
"It is our policy to hit wherever there are terrorists
who initiate action against us," the Foreign Ministry of
ficial said.
Israel's defense minister, Moshe Arens, has accused
Syria of supporting a "network of terrorists" including
Shortly before the air raid was launched, an Israeli
soldier was wounded by small arms fire near Tyre, the
Israeli military command said. Israeli troops closed the
main coastal, highway. Jinking Tyre with the rest 'of
Lebanon. Beirut radio stations reported.
The new U.S. Middle East envoy, Donald Rumsfeld,
arrived from Cairo and met with Israeli Prime Minister
Yitzhak Shamir. Talks were expected to focus on
Shamir's trip to Washington later this month and the
efforts to achieve reconciliation between warring fac
tions in Lebanon.
pro-Iranian Shiite Moslems and Palestinian guerrillas.
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eating. Candy sticks to the teeth and causes cavities.
Candy also can cause minor depression in some peo
ple. The intake of sugar causes glucose levels to go up
Anderson said, and insulin acts to remove the sugar.
But sometimes the sugar level drops below normal,
causing a mood shift in some people.
Students eat about 600 pounds of french fries at the
Pine Room cafeteria each week, said Tony Hardee,
director of food services for the UNC campus. Another
900 pounds are munched each week at the Fast Break, a
fast food restaurant in the Student Union.
"No matter what you offer them," Hardee said,
"they're always going to eat french fries."
French fries, Anderson said, supply energy and
perhaps some vitamins and minerals. "The negatives
would be that french fries are done in fat, so some of
the energy would come from fats."
"And french fries tend to be heavily salted. Salt isn't
so bad," he said, "unless it's consumed in excessive
amounts. High sodium levels in the diet have been
associated with hypertension." '
Anderson advised that students avoid eating' large
amounts of french fries and dousing them with' ket
chup, which also contains salt.
No food seems to be safe, but Anderson might have
a higher opinion of the health foods offered at Nature's
Cove, a snack bar in the Student Union. There students
can buy yogurt, nuts, dried fruits and carob (a
chocolate substitute) products.
Students buy about 18S to 190 pounds of natural
founds at Nature's Cove each week. "We try to have a
choice," Hardee said. "You can buy something
nutritious or not. You don't have to eat french fries."
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? FRIDAY. 'WOV. 118
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