Dean saw beginning of Air Force
experiments for space program
By MYRA GREGORY KNIGHT
Staff Writer
Astronauts escape and re-enter the
earth's atmosphere so easily now that
we tend to forget how uncertain it once
was that human beings could even sur
vive a rocket launch.
But Dr. Stuart Bondurant, dean of
the UNC School of Medicine, remem
bers. He joined the space effort in 1956,
when the Atlas missile was new.
Powerful enough to escape the
earth's atmosphere, the missile sudden
ly placed the prospect of space travel
within the realm of reality.
"Scientists began wondering how
riding a missile would affect man,"
Bondurant recalled.
To find out, the U.S. Air Force began
conducting acceleration tests with a cen
trifuge, a machine that could simulate
the effects of strong gravitational
forces.
Bondurant, then an Air Force cardio
logist, was asked to determine how well
the human heart could withstand those
forces.
Working at Patterson Air Force Base
in Dayton, Ohio, he and his scientific
colleagues did some research that
helped to make history they deter
mined that human beings were fit to
travel in space. ,
"Our purpose was to set the outer
limits," Bondurant said. "All we did
was provide some reassurance as to
what man would be able to tolerate."
The tests were rigorous, Bondurant
said. Some of them took place under
forces of acceleration equal to 14 times
the pull of gravity.
But even in extreme circumstances,
the body proved to be amazingly
Apartment waiting lists build
By MIKE GUNZENHAUSER
Staff Writer
For students closed out of residence
halls in the housing lottery Feb. 27, there
is still plenty of time to find apartments in
the Chapel Hill-Carrboro area. Managers
of most local apartments will virtually
guarantee apartments to qualified ap
plicants. Students can also expect rents to in
crease in the fjill. Most increases,
however, do not amount to much more
than the steady rate of inflation.
Pattie Woods of Foxcroft Apartments
said that students' chances right now of
finding a space there were very good. She
said that Foxcroft was beginning to
survey its residents to determine the
number of vacancies they will have in the
summer and fall.
Wo53sv SaTd'TharPdxcVbft h?hthp
v creases for 'rtoft yyearwere,'riextHt6
othlngW'e-donVanticipatr anyin the- -future
either," she said. Almost all of
Foxcroft's residents are students.
Manager Brent Bobbitt said that
Booker Creek, Kingswood, University
Lake, Estes Park and Royal Park still
New German class on business
Business German will be a seminar-style
class conducted in German for students who
have had German 4 or the equivalent. Topics
such as economic geography, labor relations,
marketing, banking, management, informa
tion technology and foreign trade will be
covered.
The goals of the course are to become
1983-84 McNAIR LECTURE
ON
SCIENCE AND RELIGION
DR. A.R. PEAGOCKE
"The Disquised Friend
Darwinism and Divinity"
March 29, 1984
8:00 pm
Hamilton Hall
Sponsored by The Chancellor's Committee on Established Lectures
CONGRATULATIONS
to our new Alpha Kappa Psi brothers
Thanks for your time and effort.
Terri Alexander George Logan
Karen Baker Eric Todd Martin
Eddison Bramble Randy Meadows
Eva Bunch Tim Nichols
Liz Clement Dail Perry
Stacey Cole Leigh Ann Phillips
Carol Collins Tammy Puckett
Wayne Coltrane Trade Reynolds
Kelly Cunningham Renee Sanderlin
Larry Davis David Sawyer
Phil Everhardt Amy Smith
Cynthia Sophia Givens Kevin Spainhour
Daphne Hatch Karen Starnes
Carola Helton ' Karen Steiner
Deanne Johnson Tina Troxler
Russell Johnson Sidney Turner
Kim Jones Karen Tutterrow
Susan Kirby Kimberly Warren
Avis Lee J ana Whitman
Nancy Leonard Sheri Wilkins
Dan Levinson Barbara Wood
When acceleration pushed internal
organs out of their natural positions,
the organs later moved back on their
own, he said. And when the heart
strained to keep circulation normal, the
veins in the arms and legs worked
harder to help ease the load.
Acceleration effects on the lungs pro
bably caused the greatest concern, Bon
durant said. As pressure increased, the
lungs responded by stiffening, making
breathing more difficult.
But under test conditions, he said, the
body revealed yet another means of
compensation breaths became
shorter and more rapid, permitting sur
vival. Bondurant noted that much of the
early acceleration data was recorded
with the "astronaut," or human sub
ject, under water.
The buoyant forces of water were used
to counterbalance the strong forces
of acceleration that scientists considered
unavoidable in a rocket launch, he said.
Fortunately, the development of bet
ter rocket fuels later made submersion
of the astronaut unnecessary, Bon
durant said. The first space rockets were
able to escape the earth with con
siderably less acceleration than the ex
perts had thought.
Today's astronauts experience a force
of acceleration only four or five times
the force of gravity, he added.
But just for the record, tests con
ducted by the Air Force's research team
established that humans can tolerate
forces three times stronger for as long as
two minutes.
"The message was, if you needed to
go as high as 14 g, it was possible,"
Bondurant said.
provide good chances for occupancy to
students. Bobbitt said that most of these
apartments would not have rent increases
for next year. About 99 percent of those
apartments are rented by students.
Town House Apartments has 120 ap
plicants on its waiting list. Manager Mary
Williams said that not many of those can
expect to have an apartment there. She
said that she can never be sure how many
will eventually be placed. Rent increases
between $10 and $25 will go into effect at
Town House soon.
Sophomore Kathy Keller, a resident of
Bolinwood Apartments, said that her rent
had increased slowly but steadily over the
past year. Keller said she expected her
rent to increase by no more than $10 a
month in the fall.
Most apartment managers said that
Waiting -Hstsfcjlpeculjancyin-lhe early
surnrrief are considerably shorter than
""those th the fall and offer students a bet
ter chance. Space for the fall is still
available, however, and managers advise
students to act as soon as possible to in
crease their chances of finding a place to
live off-campus.
familiar with the business world in the Federal
Republic of Germany, to develop a business
vocabulary in German, and to become aware
of differences between business and industry in
West Germany and the United States.
For information, contact Valerie D.
Greenberg, assistant professor in the Depart
ment of Germanic Languages at 966-1641.
Lakemaybeeonte
By TRACY HILTON
Staff Writer
The favorable report concerning the B.
Everett Jordan Lake study conducted by
scientists at UNC has not addressed all
possibilities of contamination, according
to other water experts.
David H. Moreau, chairman of the
Cane Creek Reservoir project, said in a
Durham Morning Herald article March
22 that the report "does not address the
most important of the current issues rele
vant to its used for drinking water con
tamination from synthetic organic
materials."
Dr. Charles M. Weiss, professor of en
vironmental biology at the UNC School
of Public Health, who . directed the
research, said that state-level tests
detected no evidence of any contamina
tion from synthetic organic materials.
Weiss said that if tests proved
favorable, the quantities of synthetic
organic material contamination would
probably be in "parts per billion," which
OWASA board calls for ban
By DEBORAH SIMPKINS
Staff Writer
r The Orange Water and Sewer Authori
ty Board of Directors unanimously sup
ported a resolution last Thursday night
for a statewide ban on phosphate-based
laundry detergents. The ban, called the
Clean Detergent Bill, will be presented to
the North Carolina General Assembly by
the North Carolina Department of
Natural Resources and Community De
velopment, said Pat Davis, systems de
velopment manager for OWASA.
The OWASA board approved the reso
lution because of concern with the
nutrients present in B. Everett Jordan
Lake and because the DNRCD study
showed benefits from a phosphorous ban
with minimum costs.
Phosphorous is a nutrient necessary to
support life, Davis said. However, he
said, excess quantities of phosphorous
stimulate an excess growth of algae.
When the algae dies, it is broken down by
bacteria, he said. Bacteria uses up oxy
gen in water which results in fish kill,
Davis said. .
Besides the gradual deterioration of
water life, Davis said, phosphates cause a
taste and odor problem in water supplies.
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For 'Further Information Call 832-0535 or 1-800-532-5384
917 West Morgan St.
Gerhardt Zimmerman, Conductor
Verdi's Requiem
with the Carolina Choir
and the Durham Choral
Society
Tuesday, April 3
8:00 pm
Memorial Hall
UNC Student Tickets $3.50
at the Union Box Office
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is so small that it would not be harmful to
humans.
The term "parts per billion," he said,
is the same as a pinch of salt in 10 tons of
potato chips or a bad apple in two million
barrels.
Because of a controversy that predicted
poor quality of the impounded waters,
Weiss and his colleagues, Donald E.
Francisco and Peter H. Campbell, lec
turer and research associate, respectively,
in the School of Public Health, had been
monitoring microscopic plant life, heavy
metals, bacteria and mineral nutrients in
the 14,000-acre lake area since Feb. 1982,
when the reservoir reached full pool level
behind the B. Everett Jordan Dam.
The purpose of the research was to
assess the impact of the high nutrient
flows entering the, lake from inflowing
streams and the Haw River, the quantities
of heavy metals that might influence the
use of the water for water supply and its
sanitary quality with respect to its use for
recreational and municipal purposes, the
report stated.
Chemicals must then be added to combat
the taste and odor,. he said.
The DNRCD study indicated 59 per
cent of the phosphates discharged into
Jordan Lake came from waste water
treatment plants, Davis said. Of that 59
percent, he said, 50 to 70 percent came
from laundry detergents.
Davis said the Soap and Detergent
Association, which opposed the ban,
claimed phosphate detergents cleaned
better, cost less and provided less wear
and tear on clothes and washing
machines. However, Davis said, there
"really isn't that much difference in non
phosphates (detergents) as far as cleaning
power goes." In addition, he said Purex,
a detergent manufacturer which withdrew
from the Soap and Detergent Associa
tion, makes both phosphate-based and
phosphate-free detergents. Davis said
Purex submitted a report to the DNRCD
refuting the claims made by the Soap and
Detergent Association.
Detergents such as Dynamo, All,
Purex, Wisk and Era are phosphate-free,
while Tide, Fab, Cheer, Bold, Cold
Power and Gain are phosphate-based. All
liquid, hand dishwashing soaps are
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Tuesday,
"During the first year after filling, Jor
dan Lake was quite unusual with high
levels of algae, and it appeared as though
predictions of horrendous algal blooms
.were about to come true," Weiss said.
"During the second year, however, algal
growth declined substantially, and the
lake is currently more similar to other
Piedmont reservoirs than to the predic-.
tions."
Clumps of algae visibly floating in the
lake for a short time during May 1982
were largely the result of nutrients from
newly flooded soil and plant debris left
on the lake floor, he said. Heavy rains
have since washed out much of the
nutrients and algae, bringing about the
improved conditions observed during
1983.
Systematic sampling and a careful pro
gram analysis were carried out to
establish the presence and quantity of 12
heavy metals. The tests uncovered no
significant problems. ,
A state Division of Environmental
Management study, released in January,
on some phosphate detergents
phosphate-free, Davis said, but OWASA
was not aware of any phosphate-free
detergents for automatic dishwashers.
Six states now have clean detergent
bills: Wisconsin, . Minnesota, ; Indiana,
New York, Michigan and Vermont.
The OWASA directors also went into
executive session to discuss Cane Creek
land acquisition. Executive ! Director
Everett Billingsley said the session was to
update the board on the negotiation of
the remaining tracts.
"We have bought 40 parcels (total) and
we have about eight'to 10 remaining," he
said. "We did buy an eight-and-a-half
acre tract this past week." Billingsley said
OWASA has bought three other tracts
since the Stanford property acquisition in
October.
OWASA is attempting to obtain
enough property to build a reservoir for
the town of Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill
presently has one water source, Universi
ty Lake, which pumps out about six
million gallons a day. The lake was
designed to serve only three million
gallons a day. Cane Creek would produce
an additional 10 million gallons of water
a day for the town.
Mayor-
ANDREW YOUNG
will present a lecture
Wednesday
. April 4
8:00 pm
Memorial Hall
Admission is Free
Applications to attend
reception available
at Union Desk.
fit
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March 27, 1984The Daily Tar Heel3
UNC s tudy
showed that fish caught in Jordan Lake
contained little if any mercury and other
metals, he said. "Jordan Lake is one of
the taest bass fishing lakes around," Weiss
added.
Weiss' samples of bacteria and other
microorganisms associated with
wastewater treatment and runoff also
showed Jordan Lake to be satisfactory
for both water supply and recreation.
Bacteria counts at recreational sites
and in the Haw River arm of the reservoir
tended to be higher than in mid-lake, but
were still consistently below, maximum
levels established by North Carolina
regulations.
"While the flow into Jordan Lake has
the highest proportion of point source
wastewater .flow of any North Carolina
reservoir, the health-related pollutants
did not indicate any reason for concern,"
the report stated.
The Jordan Lake project dates back to
1945 when many dams were built to
resolve a flood of the Cape Fear River in
Fayetteville, Weiss said.
Although the 267-acre Stanford pro
perty will be the main site for the dam,
OWASA still needs 267 acres for the
reservoir, Billingsley said. In October of
1983, OWASA was given the right to
seize property by the state Environmental
Management Commission.
"We are making every effort to come
to mutual terms with the remaining pro
perty owners," Billingsley said, "and I
feel very optimistic (that we will)."
If, however, a stalemate appears in the
negotiations, he said, "we will use the
power of eminent domain granted to us."
Avjfj JEREMY IRONS
3
Friday, March 30
7:00 9:30
Dollar Admission
Union Auditorium
FILM . . .
J Carolina Union Film Com
mittee Applications avail
able at Union Desk. Inter
views through Friday,
March 30. Apply now.
pd;
too
fit. : j:nri. - -H-'
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:r''""-
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