2The Daily Tar Heel Friday, April 4, 1986
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By DONNA LEI NV AND
Suit Writer
I he long-term effects of u nuclear war
may be as devastating as the immediate
effects.' a panel of scientists told about
I(K) people Thursday during a sympo
sium on the environmental consequen
ces of nuclear war.
The 11 NC School of Journalism co
sponsored the event with the Scientists'
Institute for Public Information.
Thomas Ackerman. a research scient
ist at NASA, said a nuclear war could
reduce sunlight by 95 percent, causing
sub-freezing temperatures in some
areas, producing a "nuclear winter."
"Smoke from the fires goes into the
atmosphere and absorbs the sunlight,'
r
surface energy balance and causes
surface cooling. The sunlight doesn't
reach the ground. It is deposited on
smoke and radiated back into the
atmosphere."
Ackerman said the atmosphere
would cleanse the smoke, but a long
recovery time would be needed.
Barbara Levi, a member of the
research staff of the Center for Energy
and Environmental Studies at Prin
ceton University, said there was a wide
range of uncertainty associated with
predicting the effect of a nuclear war.
"Generally, we recognize that climatic
changes will occur," she said. "It's a
matter of degrees."
Dust and smoke remain in the
atmosphere after a nuclear explosion,
Ijc said. Dust comes from nuclear
explosions that are close to the surface
of the earth and smoke comes from
large-scale fires, she said.
Mark Harwell, associate director of
Ecosystems Research Center at Cornell
University, said nuclear war would
cause chronic atmospheric problems
such as drops in temperature, light levels
and amount of precipitation. Radiation
and fallout would also pose a problem,
he added.
Harwell said agriculture would be
especially vulnerable to the lack of
sunlight and the absorption of
radiation.
"The growing season would be
shortened at both ends," he said. "Less
than 1 percent of the current global
population would survive."
The United States, Canada and
Australia would have enough stored
food to last about three years, but India
would have only enough food for one
to three months, Harwell said. Japan,
without direct impact from nuclear
weapons, could support about half the
population, he said.
"The risks of nuclear war would be
exported! far beyond the combating
countries," Harwell said.
"The direct casualties . . . (would
have an) upper limit of about half a
million people," he said. "One to four
billion are vulnerable to food
disruption."
NASA safety warnings belittled
From Associated Press reports
WASHINGTON Astronaut
Robert Crippen, who has flown
more space shuttle flights than
anyone else, told the presidential
Challenger commission Thursday he
once was told about a problem with
a booster rocket seal but he did not
consider it "that big a deal."
But Crippen said he was unaware
that a waiver had been issued that,
in effect, acknowledged that catas
tophe could result if the seal failed.
"If I had been aware of the
change," he said. "I would have
iafcen the problem much more
seriously."
Integrated government discussed
JOHANNESBURG, South
Africa White and black leaders
in Natal Province on Thursday
began debating a proposal to create
the nation's first racially integrated
government.
eagan foreign policy promotes
strong U.S. image, speaker says
CMzemis protest proposed dluimp site
By TRACY HILL
Staff Writer
The U.S. Department of Energy
should not bury the nation's highly
radioactive nuclear waste under the soil
of a three-county area near Raleigh,
protesters said Wednesday at a public
hearing in the Raleigh Civic Center.
"This is an action we cannot accept,"
Rep. William W. Cobey Jr., R-N.C,
told DOE officials at the. hearing. He
said the nuclear waste repository would
jeopardize the health and safety of
thousands of people in the Triangle.
"It's not a remote, isolated area," said
Cobey, whose congressional district
includes the proposed waste site.
Tommy Rhodes, state secretary of the
Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development, called the
DOE's reasoning and research
"seriously flawed."
Population growth and geological
instabilty of the Rolesville pluton, the
rock formation that would house the
waste, were ignored when the DOE
decided to include the area on a list
of 12 potential storage sites in the
eastern states, Rhodes said.
"We don't need a regiment of tech
nicians and scientists sent from Washing
ton to discover the obvious ... that
it doesn't make sense," he said.
The Elk River complex, a similar
rock formation near Asheville, was also
listed. Gov. Jim Martin plans to speak
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at the public hearing to be held there
Friday.
Members of the 500-person audience
papered the walls with homemade
banners reading, "Don't dump on
North Carolina. Go Home DOE,
You're Not Welcome Here!" and held
signs of protest. High school students
were painted blotched green to resemble
radiation sickness victims, and a card
section spelled out "200,000 people,"
referring to the number of people
affected by the waste site.
Sixty-five public officials and private
citizens signed up to speak at the DOE
sponsored hearing, scheduled to last
seven hours.
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act,
passed by Congress in 1982, charged
the DOE to find two locations for the
permanent storage of highly radioactive
waste by 1998. Since the 1940s, spent
fuel rods and other nuclear waste from
reactors have been accumulating , in
temporary sites.
The Rolesville pluton and the Elk
River complex are under study for the
fcnnH citr which would go into
operation by 2006. The facility would
consist of deeply drilled tunnels and
shafts designed to hold up to 70,000
metric tons of waste. It would have to
be monitored for 10,000 years.
Rep. Tim Valentine, D-N.C, of the
2nd District, objected to the plan
because N.C. geologists have found a
fault in the pluton, "which would make
the site potentially ineffective and very,
very dangerous." If the rock fractured
along that fault, he said, the waste could
leak out, contaminating all water
supplies in the area.
Louisville Mayor Lucy T. Allen said
that merely being on the list could mean
economic depression for her commun
ity because businessmen won't want to
take the risk of investing there. Con
tinued study by the DOE, she said, "will
brand Franklin County with the specter
of nuclear contamination."
The DOE announced its list of 12
proposed areas January 16 and gave
local residents 90 days to present their
objections. The deadline for submitting
reports or comments is April 16.
By JEANNIE FARIS
Staff Writer
President Reagan has taken an
approach to foreign policy with the
"Reagan Doctrine" that actively
extends U.S. influence and power for
democratic freedom into the rest of the
world, said Charles M. Lichenstein to
an audience of about 50 people in
Hamilton Hall Thursday night.
Lichenstein was Deputy U.S. Ambas
sador to the United Nations from 1981
to 1984. His speech, entitled "The
Reagan Doctrine: Intervening on
Behalf of Freedom" was sponsored by
the UNC College Republicans and the
UNC Political Science Department.
"The United States has become a
global power with global interests,"
Lichenstein said. "We have particular
values, human dignity and civil dignity,
that should be protected."
He added that any foreign policy,
even Reagan's, would be hard to define.
"Any president, including President
Reagan, has had enormous difficulty
putting a particular stamp on United
States foreign policy," he said.
Foreign policy is often generated
spontaneously, such as it was in 1983
in Grenada, Lichenstein said. "Seventy
two hours earlier, the operation was not
even a gleam in the eye of the president,"
University Square Chapel Hill 967-8935
ANNOUNCING
1986 SULIEYiER SESSION
CALENDAR
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at Chapel Hill
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he said.
"Reagan's foreign policy was charac
terized by a conscious and deliberate
military build-up to counteract the
, devastative consequences of (President
Jimmy) Carter's build-down," he said.
The "Reagan Doctrine" reminded the
American people and allies that there
was an antagonist (the Soviet Union)
who would take advantage of the
United States' lack of confidence and
resolve, Lichenstein said.
"In a sense, President Reagan repres
ented a willingness to unleash the
United States as an actor and an activist
in many parts of the world" where it
. had been reluctant to use its influence
previously, he said.
U.S. foreign policy had previously
sought only to contain the advances of
Soviet influence, which occurred in the
1970s at the time of decline in U.S.
confidence and morale, he said.
Reagan's foreign policy doctrine now
attempts to reverse the tide of Soviet
expansionism by raising its price. For
example, this could be done by refusing
to do certain kinds of commercial
business in Eastern European countries,
Lichenstein said.
"(Previous administrations) had
never considered . . . chipping away at
and even turning back this expansion
and even reclaiming areas where the
opportunity provided itself for the free
world," he said.
He added that the doctrine reaffirmed
that the United States had purposes and
interests in the world that were legit
imate and moral.
Lichenstein said the "Reagan Doc
trine" could be applicable in Cambodia,
Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Angola and
Nicaragua.
In these instances, Reagan has
committed American influence in the
form of material and economic assist
ance to those already engaged in their
own freedom fights, he said.
The Rambo image that some attach
to Reagan's tactics is inappropriate,
Lichenstein said. - -
n "Reagan is committed to showing
that U.S. support can have' an impact
on the worldwide enhancement and
enlargement of freedom," he said.
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Cheek, Director, Camp Sea Gull (Boys) or to Judy Bright,
Director, Camp Seafarer (Girls), P. O. Box 10976,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27605.
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