j'Low-emotion sexuality' among
-'Editor's Note: This is the first in
a three-part series on the new social
conservatism some experts say is
emerging in American society.
By CRYSTAL BERNSTEIN
: Staff Writer
Male-female relationships have
come a long way since the "free-love"
days of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
A trend toward monogamy has been
evolving, and this trend has been
! spurred by more than sexually trans
mitted diseases, experts say.
In the 1960s, most people were not
looking for relationships, said Lillian
Rubin, a researcher at the Institute
for the Study of Social Change at the
University of California, Berkeley.
But their sexual encounters were
. not entirely meaningless, she said. In
the political turmoil of the decade,
; people were looking for others who
1 shared their beliefs and could help
l them define their ideals. They were
looking for comradeship and connec-
tion with each other not pursuing
sex for its own sake.
- In the 1970s, people became less
' interested in discussing political issues
Budget reductions may cut N.C jobs
By JANNETTE PIPPIN
; Staff Writer
; The state Senate is deliberating
; over budget cuts that could result in
; the elimination of 640 state jobs and
; raise the state's total budget reduction
; for next year to more than $56
: million.
Last week the House Appropria
; tions Committee approved a budget
; cut of $36 million for fiscal year 1989
90. To allow for its own proposal to
; cut the budget by $20 million, the
-Senate Appropriations Committee
has recommended vacant state jobs
be eliminated. The Senate voted to
eliminate 98 positions per year as part
. of. a $7 million budget cut two weeks
ago, said Marvin Dorman, deputy
state budget officer.
Another $13 million for spending
was made available when the Senate
Appropriations Committee voted to
freeze another 542 jobs defined by the
state budget office as non-critical.
Most of the non-critical jobs would
be those with retiring personnel,
presently vacant or otherwise not
open, said Sen. Marc Basnight, D
Dare, appropriations committee
chairman. "With the budget cut, we
expect that just a few small, vacant
j6bs will be eliminated."
But Dorman said non-critical jobs
could include any position that is not
necessary to the public's safety. "For
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A New
Conservatism
and more interested in having sexual
get-togethers devoid of content, she
said. "People were engaging in sex
for sex's sake.''
Most people did not enjoy this
"low-emotion sexuality," though they
may have claimed to be having fun,
Rubin said. Empty sexual encounters
left people hungry and unfulfilled.
They found that strings of one-night
stands never led to meaningful
relationships, and they became dis
couraged, she said.
"People want some sense of con
nection. There's an enormous amount
of loneliness and isolation out there."
This sense of futility and loneliness
in these types of sexual relationships
has led to a lower level of promiscuity
in the 1980s, she said.
Monogamous relationships are
taking the place of sexual flings.
"We're demanding that the quality of
our relationships be very high rather
than the quantity of them," said
example, here in the budget office,
myself, economists, receptionists and
people at every level are considered
non-critical. If push comes to shove,
I guess we could do without these
positions for a while."
The $7.7 million of reductions
could affect UNC by eliminating
some vacant jobs.
Fifty non-faculty positions could
be at risk of being lost at UNC, said
Wayne Jones, acting vice chancellor
of business and finance. The Univer
sity identified about 50 jobs that
could be eliminated in November at
the governor's request, Jones said.
University administrators do not
know if that number will increase or
decrease once legislative deliberations
over the budget are concluded. "It's
too soon to tell what the ultimate
impact will be," Jones said.
"We don't feel we have surplus
positions anywhere, so anything we
give up is going to affect the quality
of our services," he said. Jobs in
jeopardy range from housekeeping
and clerical positions to professional
services.
The University can't afford to lose
any funds right now, said Rep. Joe
Hackney, D-Orange. "It (elimination
of jobs) depletes the resources of the
University at a very critical time."
The governor has been talking
about the implications of budget cuts
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Annette Lawson, a sociologist and
feminist scholar who is affiliated with
the Institute for Women and Gender
at Stanford University. She is also
the author of "Adultery: An Analysis
of Love and Betrayal."
A General Social Survey con
ducted in the spring of 1988 found
that 60 percent of those surveyed had
only one sexual partner in the last
1 2 months, 1 1 percent had two to four
partners and only 2 percent had five
or more.
People are demanding more from
their relationships now than they
have in the past. Most are looking
for someone to share their lives,
Lawson said.
Expression of feeling, intimacy and
sexual self-disclosure are among the
most important qualities of any
relationship, she said.
Many people are looking for a
friend, someone they can commun
icate and share with, said Kirk
Norley, a freshman at UC-Berkeley.
"People start out just wanting to look
for fun, but get frustrated with it all
and try to find someone special."
for a long time, said Linda Powell
of the senate's fiscal research
department.
"To keep government size down,
the time to do it is with vacant jobs,"
she said. "The state does not want
to be in a situation where they have
to lay off workers."
The governor thinks the General
Assembly has gone too far with
budget cuts, said David Prather,
deputy director of communications
for the governor's office. "It could
cause serious problems for the state
and agencies, such as the Department
of Correction and the Department of
Revenue.
"It doesn't make sense to hurt
existing programs to try to fund new
ones."
But Prather said he did not expect
the cuts to hurt the Basic Education
Program that provides for a 6 percent
pay raise for teachers. '
"I think that it is real unfortunate
that so many jobs are in jeopardy,
Hackney said. "I do not support it."
There is a possibility the jobs that
are eliminated will be reinstated later,
Hackney said. He said an omnibus
bill making corrections in both
budget proposals still had to be
presented and voted on. "It's still a
long time before this session is over
and the budget is settled. Well work
to rectify the situation as best we can."
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reasons for
Long-term partners offer moral
support, said Joanne Leger, a sopho
more psychology major from
Raleigh. "To me, a serious relation
ship is so much more valuable than
several casual sexual relationships."
Monogamous relationships also
provide security, which is important
in a university as big as UNC, said
Lisa Hood, a sophomore psychology
major from Winston-Salem. Partners
provide assurance parents cannot
always give their children while they
are in college, she said.
"It's the day and age for mono
gamy," said Monica McAdoo, a
sophomore physical therapy major
from Marlton, N.J.
The trend toward monogamy has
taken place for several reasons
with the spread of sexually transmit
ted diseases as one of the biggest
Opinion varied on Contra aid bill
By JEFF LUTTRELL
Staff Writer
Controversy surrounding the
new $60 million Contra aid bill
approved by the Senate two weeks
ago continues to increase since
President George Bush signed the
bill into law.
The bill passed the Senate by
a 73-25 vote and will provide
humanitarian aid for the Contra
forces until February 1990. The
law also defines U.S. policy con
cerning economic assistance to
Central America.
N.C. Sen. Terry Sanford said
the administration and the Con
gress, Democrats and Republicans
will speak with one voice to this
troubled region. "That voice will
speak for peace, democracy and
development," he said in a pre
pared statement.
The aid will be used for volun
tary reintegration and relocation
of the Contras in accordance with
the peace plan proposed by the
Central American presidents,
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monogamy - upswin
factors.
But these diseases have probably
only added impetus to the already
existing feelings of emptiness, Rubin
said. "AIDS has given people an
excuse to stop doing what they didn't
want to be doing anymore and didn't
know how to stop."
The conservatism of the Reagan
era could also have led to the more
conservative relationships of this
decade, Lawson said.
But even though adults have
become more monogamous, most
teenagers' relationships are only
transient, Rubin said. Teenagers
practice "serial monogamy," where
they change partners frequently but
claim to be monogamous with each.
Many get together with someone
only for a single weekend. "You could
hardly call that monogamy," Rubin
Sanford said. "The most impor
tant element of this legislation is
that it recognizes that the real
problems of this region are social
and economic, not military."
President Bush said that by
signing this accord, the United
States can join hands for the good
of a troubled region. "Our con
tinued assistance of Nicaraguan
resistance repeats the commit
tment of the United States both
to the peace process in Central
America and to sustain those who
struggle for freedom , and demo
cracy," Bush said in a prepared
statement.
Sanford said the accord encour
ages economic assistance to pro
mote stability, expand educational
opportunities and foster progress
in human rights.
Both Sen. Sanford and the
president feel the aid will enable
the people of the region to enjoy
social and economic benefits!
Betsy Crites, executive director
of the national Witness for Peace
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said.
The teenagers also tend to under
estimate the dangers of AIDS and
other sexually transmitted diseases.
Many say they fear the diseases but
do not take proper precautions when
engaging in sexual activity, claiming
that condoms spoil the spontaneity
of sex, Rubin said.
But even though older people may
be restricting their sexual activity,
teenagers are sexually active far
earlier and in larger numbers than the
older people were, Rubin said. Many
of those who claim to be inactive in
polls have engaged in everything
except intercourse, she said.
"The sexual revolution has con
tinued. It has changed its face," Rubin
said, and one needs to look beneath
the surface to see what is really
happening. '
group, said her group is very
disappointed with the bill.
"These kinds of agreements
have been used in the past. I am
skeptical that it . will help the
situation in Nicaragua. This aid
flies in the face of the presidents
of the five Central American
countries that signed the peace
plan agreement."
N.C. Sen. Jesse Helms voted
against the bill because "it does
not reflect the views of a substan
tial number of senators who were
not even consulted."
Helms proposed another bill
that would give nonlethal assist
ance necessary to - maintain the
Contras' military forces for a
period of one year.
"The peace plan proposed by
the Sandinistas means nothing,"
Helms said in a prepared state
ment. "We should consider further
military aid to the Contras if the
Sandinistas don't meet their com
mitments by 1990."
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