2The Daily Tar HeelThursday, November 30, 1989
World and Nation
Czechs vote to end Communist rule
From Associated Press reports
PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia The
Communist-controlled Parliament
Wednesday swiftly ended the party's
40-year monopoly on power in a frantic
effort to satisfy the demands of the
growing pro-democracy movement.
A member of the ruling Communist
Politburo said the first free elections in
four decades could be held within a
year.
The 309 deputies present voted
unanimously to scrap Article 4 of the
constitution, which ensured the leading
role of the Communist Party, and change
Article 16, which mandated that all
education be based on Marxism-Leninism.
The changes were among historic
concessions the opposition won from
the Communist government on Tues
day when Premier Ladislav Adamec
also promised to form a new govern
ment including non-Communists by
Sunday.
The concessions followed 1 1 straight
days of huge anti-government demon
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strations, which culminated in a two
hour strike on Monday in which mil
lions of workers participated.
Parliament also eliminated the
Communists leading position in the
National Front, an umbrella organiza
tion embracing all political parties and
social groups allowed in Czechoslova
kia. Four deputies opposed the measure
and 1 6 abstained.
Shortly after the historic votes, state
television showed Slovak actor Milan
Knazko announcing the changes to a
packed National Theater in Bratislava,
capital of Slovakia. The entire audi
ence, which included prominent dissi
dent Vaclav Havel, rose to its feet in
thunderous applause.
Parliament also planned to consider
creating a constitutional court and a
commission to investigate allegations
of police brutality in a crackdown on
protesters Nov. 17.
The removal of the requirement that
Marxism-Leninism be the guiding prin
ciple of education was a prime demand
of students who staged the Nov. 17
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protest and have led the pro-democracy
movement since.
In parliamentary debate, broadcast
live on TV for the first time, deputies
openly admitted past party failures and
said the Communists must work hard to
win the people's confidence.
"We have betrayed the trust of the
electorate, and whatever laws we pass
today will not change this,' ' said Blank a
Hykova of the Socialist Party, until
recently a docile ally of the Commu
nists. Anton Blazej, dean of a Communist
Party training academy, said: "We have
misunderstood the leading role of the
party and its position. We must regain
this trust."
Defense Minister Milan Vaclavik, a
member of Parliament, sounded a cau
tionary note: "I am aware that neither
the army nor the party have the best
position now. We should be aware that
retreats and compromises are neces
sary, but there are limits."
Alois Indra, who said Tuesday he
ndia's leader resigns
From Associated Press reports
NEW DELHI, India Prime Min
ister Rajiv Gandhi resigned Wednes
day after five years in power, clearing
the way for opposition leaders to try to
form a government.
Gandhi, smiling and looking relaxed,
said he was ready for the role of oppo
sition leader.
"Absolutely. We will be a very good
watchdog."
The National Front opposition's
newly elected Parliament members
planned to meet Friday to pick the man
they hope will replace Gandhi as prime
minister.
The meeting had been scheduled for
Wednesday, was postponed until today
and then to Friday amid reported dis
agreements over who should be nomi
nated. Gandhi and his Congress Party have
been gambling that the National Front
would be hamstrung by internal squab
bling that would pave the way for
Congress to return to power. The Con
gress Party decided Wednesday not to
stake a claim to form the government.
Former defense and finance minister
Vishwanath Pratap Singh is the best
known leader of the National Front, the
five-party alliance that deprived Gandhi
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Member FDIC
was quitting as Parliament president,
delivered a formal speech of resigna
tion to the 350-member chamber.
He described the resignation as "a
logical step in the context of the present
developments."
Indra was said to be among party
leaders who requested the Soviet-led
invasion of August 1968 that crushed
the "Prague Spring" of reform insti
tuted by Alexander Dubcek, then
Communist Party chief.
Bretislav Nedbalek, secretary of a
preparatory committee, said
Czechoslovakia's Social Democratic
Party had been re-established after an
absence of 41 years.
At the Vatican, Pope John Paul U
prayed that Czechoslovakia would use
its Christian traditions in building its
"new future."
About 5,000 people, including sup
porters of the opposition group Civic
Forum, attended a Communist-sponsored
rally Wednesday at Ostrava, an
industrial city near the Polish border.
of a decisive majority in the new Parlia
ment in the Nov. 22 through 26 elec
tions. But the mild-manned Singh, 58,
has said he does not w; .. .o be prime
minister and is content being the presi
dent of the Janata Dal, or People's
Party, the major component of the
National Front.
Another prominent Janata Dal
member, Chandra Shekhar, said Tues
day he was ready to take the prime
minister's job, but some of his National
Front colleagues were not enthusiastic
about his candidacy.
'There will be trouble in the party if
V.P. Singh is not elected prime minis
ter," said Jaipal Reddy , one of the Janata
Dai's general secretaries. "Efforts to
persuade him to contest are continuing.
"As of now, there is only one candi
date. Despite persuasion V.P. Singh is
not a candidate and despite dissuasion
Chandra Shekhar remains one."
Chandra Shekhar, 62, was a chief
architect of the 1977 Janata Party elec
tion triumph that ousted Gandhi's
mother and predecessor, Prime Minis
ter Indira Gandhi, from power for 29
months until her comeback in 1980.
Most Janata Party members switched
to the Janata Dal, formed in 1988.
The 1977 election was the only time
in India's 42 years of independence
that the Congress Party failed to win a
majority in a parliamentary election. .
This year, Congress got more seats
than any other party but fell far short of
the majority needed for a government.
The National Front got the second
highest number but was able to muster
the tacit support of other opposition
parties.
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East Germany resisting
growing calls to reunify
From Associated Press reports
EAST BERLIN Communist
Party chief Egon Krenz joined with
leading dissidents Wednesday in
calling for East Germany to remain
independent, but West Germany
began an international effort to win.
support for reunification.
The United States already has given
its support to uniting the Germanys,
whose common border is considered
the dividing line of East and West and
was established after the Nazi defeat
in World War TJ.
The Soviets criticized the plan
Wednesday.
Rebels deny U.S. is target
SAN SALVADOR, El Salvador
Rebels invaded parts of the city's
most affluent neighborhoods before
dawn Wednesday and dug in after
fierce combat.
In Washington, Secretary of State
James Baker said guerrillas "briefly
overran" at least one embassy
officer's home, and added, "We are
taking steps to assure the safety of
embassy personnel." Administration
officials said no Americans were in
jured. A statement from the leftist guer
rillas said their fighters had been told
not to attack Americans.
American sources said privately
that the embassy told employees "who
feel insecure" to take enough food
and clothing for two days and nights
and go either to the embassy or the
headquarters of the U.S. Agency for
International Development, which are
in more tranquil sectors of the capital.
Americans less wary of Soviets
NEW YORK Americans' sus
picions of the Soviet Union's mo
tives are fading rapidly, with a major
ity of people now convinced that the
Soviets do not seek to dominate the
world, a national poll has found.
As Presidents Bush and Mikhail
Gorbachev prepare for their weekend
summit off Malta, the poll found
overwhelming belief that the Soviet
leader seeks real reform in his coun
try although opinions were mixed on
his prospects.
Both men were highly popular in
the Media General-Associated Press
poll, with Gorbachev out-polling
Bush among the most-educated
For the
In the Nov. 28 'Trolleys may carry
ads," the amount for the advertisement
racks was incorrect. The racks will cost
$1,200 to $1,500.
In the Nov. 28 article, "Court date set
for group's lawsuit against animal re
search labs," the information on the
Students for Ethical Treatment of Ani
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News in Brief
Americans. A plurality said Gbr7
bachev has done more than Bush" to
ease East-West tensions. '.
Christians to join against Syria
BEIRUT, Lebanon Christian
militias that have opposed Gen;
Michel Aoun said Wednesday they
would join him in fighting the troops,
tanks and artillery Syria is massing
around Lebanon's Christian enclave;
Elias Hrawi, the new Christian
president backed by Syria, dismissed
Aoun as army commander Tuesday
and ordered him to leave his com
mand post in a bunker beneath the
presidential palace in Baabda, east of
Beirut.
Aoun claims Hrawi's election by
Parliament last week was unconstitu)
tional, says he won't accept a new
peace plan until Syrian forces leave
the country, and has refused to turn
over the shell-battered palace. I
Missiles to be moved to trains
WASHINGTON The Air Force
announced Wednesday that 50 MX
nuclear missiles will be removed front
underground silos in Wyoming ancj
placed on trains in six states L0.U7
isiana, Texas, Washington, North
Dakota, Arkansas and Michigan. ;
The announcement represents the,
Bush administration's commitment
to push ahead with plans to modern
ize the nation's strategic nuclear
missile force, even amid projections
of Pentagon belt-tightening, height-;
ened prospects for arms-control agree
ments and sweeping changes in the
Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact
allies. -
Abortion notification questioned;
WASHINGTON The Supreme
Court was asked Wednesday to rule
that most young girls have no right to
abortions without first telling their
parents.
The justices, who have allowed
limits on the availability of abortions
for minors in the past, questioned
lawyers defending and attacking
parental-notification laws in Minne
sota and Ohio.
Record
mals should have read that the group; is
attempting to find put through court
action whether the Institutional Ani
mal Care and Use Committee ista
"rubber stamp" and if only one person
from the committee is reviewing -animal
research protocols. -' j
The DTH regrets the errors.
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