2The Daily Tar HeelTuesday, February 6, 1990
World and Nation
Gorbachev urges multiparty system
From Associated Tress reports
MOSCOW Mikhail Gorbachev
declared Monday that Communists
must surrender their unchallenged right
to rule the Soviet Union to the tide of
democratic reform he has unleashed.
The Soviet Communist Party chief,
in a historic speech to the party's Cen
tral Committee in the Kremlin, tacitly
acknowledged the growing power of
the pro-democracy movement that has
swept away Communist regimes in
Eastern Europe, set several Soviet re
publics on the road to multiparty poli
tics and on Sunday drew a huge crowd
of protesters in Moscow.
But his move was unlikely to bring
about the disintegration of the Commu
nist Party, and Gorbachev, who is also
head of the government, did not ad
dress the possibility of the party losing
power.
The Communist Party's leading role
in society, a tenet of Soviet socialism
that has excluded any other political
forces since the time of Lenin, was
formalized in the Soviet Constitution
in 1977.
The party wants to remain the lead
ing force in society but must prove its
worthiness, Gorbachev said.
In the future it "intends to struggle
for the role of ruling party, but do it
General strikes against Lebanese militia
From Associated Press reports
BEIRUT, Lebanon Gen. Michel
Aoun's tanks broke into a stronghold of
his Christian militia rivals Monday,
after a week of battle, and advanced
toward the command post of Lebanese
Forces chief Samir Geagea, police said.
They said the tanks, with cannons
blazing, drove to within 300 yards of
the Kassardjian militia base in Ein
Rummaneh, a working-class district of
Christian east Beirut. Witnesses in hills
above the Christian sector, reached by
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strictly in the framework of the demo
cratic process, rejecting any kind of
iegal or pol it ical advantage," Gorbachev
said.
Political reform that has strength
ened the Soviet government at the
expense of an all-controliing party
apparatus "has been accompanied by a
growth in political pluralism." Gor
bachev said, presenting a draft plat
form to the 249-member Central Com
mittee. "This process can lead to the crea
tion of parties at some stage." Central
Committee sources said Gorbachev told
the closed meeting that political changes
he has pushed through in almost five
years in power have in effect created a
multiparty system already.
He called into question another tenet
of Leninism democratic centralism,
the theory that requires strict adherence
by the party's 20 million members to
decisions once they have been made at
the top.
"The party's renewal presupposes
its thorough, comprehensive democra
tization and rethinking the principle of
democratic centralism with emphasis
on democracy and power of the party
masses," Gorbachev said.
He proposed the Central Committee
meet again in about three weeks to
telephone from Cyprus, reported heavy
fighting in Ein Rummaneh south of the
Karantina quarter, where Geagea has
his headquarters.
Explosions echoed across the city as
militiamen crouching in alleys fired
armor-piercing rockets at the tanks and
their comrades hurled grenades.
Shells hit hospitals, schools and
churches. They set fuel tanks, power
plants, factories and apartment houses
ablaze.
Fires burned out of control because
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consider new party rules.
Gorbachev indicated that he did not
foresee the reform overturning the
country's socialist system as well as the
Communists' assurance of power.
The party was "ready to act with due
account for these new circumstances,
cooperate and conduct a dialogue with
all organizations honoring the Soviet
Constitution and the social system it
endorses," he said.
The two-day Central Committee
meeting had shaped up as a major
struggle between reformers and con
servatives over the party's future.
Rumors emerged that conservatives
would accuse Gorbachev of bringing
on economic collapse and ethnic unrest
with his reforms.
The Soviet president said he had
hoped 1989 would be the turning point
for his economic reforms, but acknowl
edged that "recent events have shown
there has been no change for the bet
ter." Gorbachev's address Monday
granted the basic demands of the hun
dreds of thousands of people who swept
60 abreast through the streets of the
capital on Sunday. Communist reform
ers and non-Communists demanded the
party give up its exclusive claim to
power.
pumping stations were knocked out
and no water was available.
Several hospitals said they could not
function for more than two or three
days because water, blood, plasma and
oxygen supplies were virtually ex
hausted. Shellfire slackened in some districts
at dawn Monday, allowing tens of thou
sands of civilians to leave basements
and underground bomb shelters where
some had lived for six days.
Youssef Khazcn, 35, said his electri
cal tools store in east Beirut residential
district of Ashrafiyeh was destroyed.
"You can't believe what those mon
sters have done to us," he said. 'They ' ve
ruined us. Ashrafiyeh looks like it was
hit by a hurricane."
In Geneva, the International Com
mittee of the Red Cross asked for an
immediate truce to could help civilians.
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Boris Yeltsin
Reformer Boris Yeltsin, a leader of
the rally, told the Central Committee
the new platform did not go far enough.
"In general, the impression is formed
that it was written by two hands both
the left and the right," he said.
Small political parties already are
forming in the Baltic republics, where
Communist leaders are leading the drive
to eliminate the party's guaranteed role.
Geagea has said the 6,000 regulars
and 30,000 reservists of the Lebanese
Forces, the largest Christian militia,
would "resist unto death ... to end the
dictator's reign of terror" in Christian
territory north and east of Beirut.
Aoun, who has been dismissed as
army commander but refuses to step
aside, commands nearly 20,000 Chris
tian troopers and is trying to gain
complete control over the 310-square-mile
enclave, where 1 million Chris
tians live.
At least 277 people have been killed
and 1,037 wounded since the fighting
began Jan. 30, the police said.
Casualties in the week-old war for
military supremacy among the Chris
tians have included 30 people killed
and 1 1 7 w ounded by shells that strayed
into Moslem west Beirut, outside the
combat zone.
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University Square
Hearings begin as Congress
mulls Social Security tax cut
From Associated Press ri ports
WASHINGTON Two of the
foremost experts on Social Security
offered conflicting advice as Con
gress opened hearings Monday on
the capital's hottest domestic topic
of the year: whether to cut the taxes
that finance the pension system.
Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, D
N.Y., has proposed a tax reduction of
up to $300 a year for higher-income
workers to prevent the government
from using surplus Social Security
taxes to pay for other federal pro
grams and making the government
deficit appear smaller than it is. The
Bush administration vigorously
opposes the cut as a threat to Social
Security benefits and an opening for
increases in other taxes.
The Senate Finance Committee
arranged Monday to hear from the
Social Security administrator, the
General Accounting Office and two
recognized authorities who are tak
ing opposing positions on
Moynihan's bill.
Former HUD official takes 5th
WASHINGTON A former
official of the Reagan
administration's Department of
Housing and Urban Development
refused to testify Monday before a
congressional panel that resumed its
hearings on the HUD scandals.
James Hamernick, former direc
tor of HUD's office of insured multi
family housing development, became
the fifth former housing official from
the Reagan administration, includ
ing former HUD Secretary Samuel
Pierce, to refuse to testify on grounds
of self-incrimination.
Bush's positi
warming brings criticism
From Associated Press reports
WASHINGTON President Bush
called Monday for balancing economic
and environmental concerns when
dealing with global warming, prompt
ing environmentalists to accuse him of
siding with industry and avoiding a
pressing world problem.
Bush, speaking to an international
conference on the threat of a world
greenhouse effect, said "our policies
must be consistent with economic
growth." And he suggested that in some
areas of the debate "politics and opin
ion have outpaced the science."
Environmentalists at the conference
suggested the problem was not scien
tific but a lack of U.S. leadership in
dealing with the issue.
One participant called Bush's com
ments "a gross disappointment." On
Capitol Hill, Sen. Albert Gore Jr., D
Tenn., a frequent critic of Bush's stand
on global warming, said the president
was "moving as slow as molasses" on
the issue when many scientists already
are convinced decisive action is needed.
But the president, addressing the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, said nations must strike a bar
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News in Brief
Hamernick had be;n questioned
about his dealings with another for- .
mer HUD official, Lance Wilson, an
aide to Pierce who quit to become a
housing consultant for a Wall Street
investment firm.
In that position, Wilson wined and
dined Hamernick. Hamernick ap
peared before the House Govern
ment Operations subcommittee on
employment and housing, whose
investigation last year prompted
Attorney General Dick Thornburgh
to ask a federal court recently to
name a special prosecutor to investi
gate Pierce and ether tcp officials.
Valez captain's trial begins
ANCHORAGE, Alaska Joseph
Hazelwood was in a bar for seven
hours, ordering glasses of vodka, the
day before his tanker Exxon Valdez
caused the nation's worst oil spill,
and he left the bridge before a tricky
part of the voyage, a prosecutor said
Monday.
"The ultimate responsibility for.
the tanker is with the captain," Assis
tant District Attorney Brent Cole said
in his opening statement at
Hazelwood's trial. 'The most dan
gerous part of the journey was after
Hazelwood absented himself from
the bridge."
He accused the fired Exxon cap
tain of leaving control of his ship in
the hands of inexperienced crew
members who vcrc not certified to
pilot the vessel through treacherous
Prince William Sound.
on on global
gain between curbing pollution that is
causing a warming of the earth and
maintaining economic growth.
The remarks brought a subdued re
action from many of the participants at '
the international conference sponsored '
by the United Nations and attended by '
representatives from seme 60 nations.-'
Delegates from some European '
countries have argued that enough sci
entific knowledge has been accumu-
lated to warrant a commitment to at '
least stabilize carbon dioxide pollution
at current levels over the next decade.
Scientists are concerned that the '
accumulation of manmade pollutants,
largely carbon dioxide from the burn- '.
ing of fossil fuels, is creating a serious-'
global problem. '.
Like a greenhouse, the pollution traps
heat and reflects it back to earth, caus: ;'
ing a warming of the globe. While there
is little dispute that greenhouse gases
are increasing, there remains disagree
ment as to how severe the warming will
be and what effect it might have.
If the pollutants are left unchecked,
many scientists expect the earth's tern- -perature
to rise by 4 to 9 degrees by the
middle of the next century.
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