2The Daily Tar HeelFriday, February 23, 1990
World and Nation
De Klerk
From Associated Press reports
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa
President F.W. de Klerk on Thursday
accepted a proposal by the African
National Congress to send a delegation
for the first formal talks between the
white government and its foremost
adversary.
The ANC's commitment to dialogue
"is a positive step," reflecting a desire
to "search for solutions through peace
ful means," said de Klerk, who lifted a
30-year ban on the guerrilla movement
three weeks ago.
De Klerk also made his first public
statement on a controversy involving
Defense Minister Magnus Malan, who
has been linked in press reports to a
secret military unit that allegedly as
sassinated anti-apartheid activists.
The president, interviewed by the
state-run TV network, said the allega
tions would be thoroughly investigated
by a judicial commission, criticized the
press for conducting a "trial by media,"
and praised the role of the security
forces in saving South Africa from
"anarchy and chaos."
Opposition political leaders de
manded Malan's resignation and urged
de Klerk to ensure that no cover-up
Gernnianys
From Associated Press reports
EAST BERLIN The two Ger
manvs should reduce their combined
military by two-thirds when they unite,
and some U.S. and Soviet soldiers
should remain during the unification
process, the East German defense
minister said Thursday.
Adm. Theodor Hoffmann said the
armed forces should be purely defen
sive and both states should remain in
their respective alliances until they are
reunited under a new European secu
rity system.
West Germany belongs to NATO
and East Germany is in the Soviet-led
i Warsaw Pact. About 380.000 Soviet
soldiers are stationed in East Germany,
and NATO has more than 300,000 in
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takes place. Malan, in statements this
week, denied having ordered assassi
nations but did not rule out the possibil
ity that the unit may have committed
such acts. I le pledged the mil itary would
not interfere with any investigations.
The Star newspaper of Johannesburg
quoted sources as saying Malan had
been aware of the unit at least since
19S7.
Police investigators have said in court
papers that members of the unit, called
the Civil Cooperation Bureau, are sus
pected of involvement in the assassina
tions last year of David Webster, a
Johannesburg human rights activ ist. and
Anton Lubowksi, a civil rights lawyer
and pro-independence activist in
Namibia.
De Klerk last month ordered a judi
cial iiujiiiry into charges that military
and police squads murdered govern
ment opponents. The commission is
expected to investigate the unsolved
killings of at least 60 activists in the
past decade.
Three former policemen have con
fessed to serving on death squads.
Several police officers are under
investigation. The activists allegedly
killed by the death squads include
mull unification defense forces
West Germany, including about
250,000 Americans.
Hoffmann said a joint German mili
tary should be reduced to about 300,000
men initially, and later to 150,000
200,000. All three services army, navy and
air force should be retained because
all are essential to defense, he told a
news conference.
Gen. Hans Deim, East Germany's
delegate to the Vienna talks on reduc
tion of conventional forces, told the
reporters anything over 300.000 men
"would cause security concerns of our
neighbors, especially France and Po
land." West Germany has 490,000 military
personnel and East Germany says its
raoiao oewpaper calls for release of hostages
From Associated Press reports
NICOSIA, Cyprus An Iranian
newspaper close to President Hashemi
Rafsanjani said Thursday all IS West
ern hostages in Lebanon should be freed
because they have become a propa
ganda tool for Iran's enemies.
Most of the captives are believed
held by kidnappers loyal to Iran.
"Regardless of the West's propa
ganda ploys, Moslem forces, out of
Islamic and humanitarian considera
tions, should work to get the hostages
free with no precondition," the English-language
Tehran Times said in an
editorial, parts of which were carried
by Iran's official Islamic Republic News
Agency.
It was the first known statement by
an Iranian newspaper in support of
freeing all the hostages, whose fate is
believed linked to a power struggle
within the Iranian government.
Eight Americans, four Britons, an
Irishman, an Italian, two West Ger
mans and two Swiss citizens are cap
tives in Lebanon.
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members and supporters of the ANC.
Although it was legalized Feb. 2 as
part of de Klerk's peace initiative, the
ANC says its guerrilla campaign re
mains one of its tactics in trying to
pressure the government to end white
minority domination.
On Feb. 1 6, the ANC said from its
headquarters in Zambia that it would
send a delegation to South Africa to
confer with de Klerk about obstacles in
the way of negotiations on a new
constitution.
The ANC says the state of emer
gency must be lifted and all political
prisoners freed before such talks can
start. Its office in London released a list
Thursday of more than 750 prisoners it
said should be freed.
No date for the preliminary meeting
has been set. De Klerk said the govern
ment would first have to address "legal
uncertainties" regarding exiled ANC
leaders who might be liable for prose
cution in South Africa.
Earlier Thursday, the government
said de Klerk had postponed a meeting
scheduled for Saturday in Zaire with
leaders of some black African nations.
The ANC had urged a boycott of the
meeting, saying de Klerk's reforms
armed forces have shrunk from 1 70,000
men to 100,000 in recent months.
Until a new European system sup
plants NATO and the Warsaw Pact,
Hoffman said, U.S. and Soviet soldiers
should remain on German territory
"even if this becomes symbolic at a
certain time."
The United States and Soviet Un
ion have agreed to reduce their troop
strength in central Europe to 195,000
each. Most of the reductions will be
made in Germany.
Keeping some U.S. and Soviet troops
until unification under a new security
system would promote stability in
Europe. Hoffman said, and described
fears of a hasty union as justified.
"Although unification is unstop
Terry Anderson, 42, has been held
the longest. He is chief Middle East
correspondent of The Associated Press
and was abducted March 16, 1985.
Anderson's sister, Peggy Say, was
in Damascus, Syria, on Thursday as
part of a tour w ith an Associated Press
delegation to seek the hostages' re
lease. Among leaders with whom she has
met are Javier Perez de Cuellar, the
U.N. secretary-general. Pope John Paul
II, and Yasser Arafat, chairman of the
Palestine Liberation Organization.
Attempts to see Iranian leaders have
failed.
Asked in Damascus about theTehran
Times editorial. Say said: "I am deeply
grateful. It is encouraging. I consider
that Iran is not part of the problem, but
part of the solution."
Arafat told Say in their meeting last
week that Rafsanjani had the greatest
influence with the kidnappers, but hard
liners in the Iranian government lim
ited his room for maneuver.
In its editorial, the Tehran Times
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for talks
had not gone far enough.
While welcoming the ANC's deci
sion to pursue talks, de Klerk said it was
"disappointing that the ANC leader
ship continues to talk about an armed
struggle and hostilities at a time when
most South Africans, supported by the
rest of the world, w ant peace."
The government "is committed to a
new dispensation which offers peace
and justice for all," de Klerk said. "An
armed struggle and hostilities do not fit
into this pattern."
Recently freed ANC leader Nelson
Mandela helped launch the guerrilla
campaign in 1961, one year after the
group was outlawed. The bombing and
sabotage campaign has been ineffec
tual in the past year and poses little
threat to the government.
In the port city of Durban, leaders of
the ANC and a more conservative rival
movement, Inkatha. opened their first
head-to-head peace talks Thursday,
seeking to halt a power struggle that has
killed more than 3,000 people.
ANC leader Walter Sisulu, arriving
for the closed-door talks, said blacks in
Natal Province were "preparing them
selves for peace" after three years of
savage factional warfare.
pable, it is going faster than the proc
ess of uniting all of Europe" and Eu
ropeans have "legitimate security con
cerns" about it, the defense minister
said.
"Our neighbors have had bitter ex
periences with a united Germany,"
he added, recalling the two world
wars of this century. Talks with the
West German military on merging
forces could begin soon after East
Germany's first free elections are held
March 18 and a new government is
formed, Hoffman said.
The victorious World War II Allies
the United States, the Soviet Union,
Britain and France have agreed on
a two-stage plan for reunification.
said the struggle against Western influ
ence in the Middle East was legitimate
and should continue, but that all forces
in Lebanon should work to free hos
tages of whatever nationality.
"They should regard the hostages as
victims of imperialist policies of the
West and make attempts to get them all
freed. Maybe 1990 will be the year for
the release of all the hostages."
It repeated Rafsanjani's demand for
the release of Iran's charge d'affaires in
Beirut, Mohsen Musavi, and three other
embassy staff members kidnapped in
north Lebanon in July 1982 by mem
bers of the Lebanese Forces, a Chris
Baker says
From Associated Press reports
WASHINGTON Secretary of
State James Baker said Thursday that
even if international observers believe
the Nicaraguan government wins
Sunday's elections fair and square, the
Sandinistas will have to show "a sub
stantial period of good behavior" be
fore there can be normal relations with
the United States.
I le also said the Bush administration
reserves the right to decide on its own if
the election is fair. Baker, appearing
before the House Foreign Affairs
Committee, said the administration
would insist on "a substantial period of
good behavior," including an end to
support for leftist insurgents in neigh
boring EI Salvador and reconciliation
with domestic political opponents
before ending economic sanctions and
restoring full diplomatic relations.
The secretary accused the govern
ment of President Daniel Onega of
intimidating opponents and poll watch
ers and denying visas to congressional
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Soviets propose bilateral
limit to military in Europe
From Associated Press reports
VIENNA, Austria The Soviet
Union suggested Thursday that
NATO and the Warsaw Pact limit
themselves to 700,000 to 750,000
soldiers each in central Europe, an
East German negotiator said.
Since the Soviets and United States
have agreed to 195,000 each in cen
tral Europe and East bloc nations are
reducing their armies, the East will
have fewer soldiers in the area than
the West, said Klaus-Dieter Ernst,
chief East German delegate to talks
on reducing conventional forces.
Ernst said these factors would
result in a maximum of 700,000
soldiers for the seven Warsaw Pact
countries against about 1 million for
the I6-memberNorth AtlanticTreaty
Organization, which he called "to
tally unsatisfactory."
Quayle to visit South America
WASHINGTON Vice Presi
dent Dan Quayle will travel to South
America for presidential inaugura
tions in Chile and Brazil next month.
Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., will
join the delegation going to Chile.
Quayle also is expected during his
March trip to stop in Argentina,
Paraguay and Barbados to continue
U.S. efforts to overcome Latin re
sentment lingering from the U.S.
invasion of Panama in December.
Many Latin countries still have not
given formal diplomatic recognition
to the U.S.-installed government.
Kuwaiti tanker explodes
MANAMA, Bahrain A U.S.
flag Kuwaiti tanker loaded with
naphtha and diesel fuel exploded
Thursday in the Persian Gulf and two
American crewmen were believed
killed.
The other 23 seamen, all Ameri
cans but one, abandoned the burning
ship and were rescued by a U.S.
Navy frigate.
U.S. sources, speaking on condi
tion of anonymity, said remains
tian militia. All four are believed dead.
Lebanese Forces commander Samir
Geagea said in August 1988 he found
no trace of the men after taking over the
militia in 1986. Geagea blamed his
predecessor, Elie Hobeika, for their
disappearance and apparent murder.
Rafsanjani has offered to help free
the Western hostages.
In August 1989, he said there were
"reasonable, prudent solutions" to the
problem. Two months later, Rafsanjani
said he would not try to get them re
leased unless the United States freed
billions of dollars in Iranian assets fro
zen in 1979.
Any statement with even a hint of
U.S. is judge
observers.
The leading opposition group ,the
United National Opposition, headed by
Violeta Chamorro has received U.S.
aid in its bid to govern the country.
Baker said that the Unites States is
"prepared to recognize a government
that wins a free election." However, he
then set conditions that must be met for
the restoration of normal relations and
asserted U.S. authority to judge the
elections.
"Before we talk about normalizing
relations (if Ortega is re-elected) ... we
must see a sustained period of good
behavior.
"The government of the United States
must be satisfied that there will con
tinue to be open political space in Nica
ragua. Then we can consider beginning
to look at how we might normalize"
relations, including lifting the trade
sanctions.
Answering a question from Rep.
Gerry Studds, D-Mass., Baker said, "It
seems to me that if you believe in
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News in Brief
had been found in the water but it
was not clear whether they were of
one or two people. A U.S. military
spokesman said he could not con
firm the report.
Shuttle launch delayed again
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla.
NASA on Thursday delayed the
launch of Atlantis for a second day to
let the shuttle's commander recover
from a sore throat and to await better
weather.
The secret military mission to put
a spy satellite in orbit is not expected
to take off until Saturday morning at
the earliest.
The shuttle originally was sched
uled for a fiery pre-dawn liftoff
Thursday but was postponed Wed
nesday when Navy Capt. John
Creighton became ill, the second
time the space program has delayed
a flight because of a sick astronaut.
Airlines improve infant safety
WASHINGTON The airline
industry changed its position on in
fant safety seats Thursday and asked
the government to require them for
all passengers under 2 years of age.
The proposal, if adopted by the
Federal Aviation Administration,
could require thousands of parents
each day to buy tickets for children
who now fly free. Airlines would
still have the option of offering free
rides or reduced fares.
"If you buckle your children up at
50 miles per hour, why not at 550
miles per hour?" asked Robert Aar
onson, president of the Air Transport
Association, which represents
major air carriers.
The association took the unusual
step of filing a petition asking the
FAA to impose a tougher require
ment on airlines than the agency it
self is considering.
conciliation is condemned promptly by
factions in the Iranian government who
reject the reconciliation with the West
favored by Rafsanjani.
Ali Akbar Mohtashemi, the former
interior minister and Rafsanjani's main
rival, regularly encourages groups hold
ing hostages in Lebanon. He said in a
newspaper interview last month they
have "a natural right to take hostages to
inflict heavy blows on their enemies."
Most of the kidnappers are believed
linked to Hezbollah, or Party of God, a
Lebanese fundamentalist Shiite Mos
lem group Mohtashemi helped organ
ize in the early 1980s.
in elections
democracy you believe in respecting
the results of a free and fair election."
But he added, "The United States
must reserve the right to make the judg
ment (as to) whether the election is free
and fair."
Observer groups, including one led
by former President Carter and another
sponsored by the United Nations, will
assess the election and "arrive at rea
soned judgments" about its fairness,
the secretary said. "But, in light of
experience, the United States needs to'
make its own judgment."
The Nicaraguan government, in
denying visas to congressional observ
ers appointed by President Bush, ar
gued that the observers could not be
objective because the United States is
providing money to Chamorro.
While the United States has never
broken relations and maintains an
embassy in Managua, it is staffed by'
only a handful of American diplomats.:
The last U.S. ambassador was expelled!
in July 1988. :
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