-4The Daily Tar HeelThursday, September 13, 1990
hiamenei offers help to Iraq,
galls for holy war against West
From Associated Press reports
. Iran's spiritual leader offered more
support to Tehran's former archenemy
Wednesday, calling for a holy war
"against Western forces gathered in the
, Persian Gulf since Iraq's invasion of
'Kuwait.
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei declared that
.Moslems who die fighting to throw
Americans out of the region would be
.martyrs bound for heaven.
- His speech in Tehran came amid
reports Iran had agreed to help break the
iU.N. embargo of Iraq by allowing in
food and medical supplies in return for
-free Iraqi oil.
A U.N. sanctions committee broke
up Wednesday after becoming dead
locked over what kind of food aid to
allow into Iraq and occupied Kuwait.
iMpst of the delegates want to allow
I shipments of food only to foreigners
;arid children. Cuba and Yemen were
j casting for a broader resolution allow
ing in food to all civilians.
iMore than 400 Americans and Brit-;ors-
women and children who had
;ben stranded in Kuwait since the Iraqi
j invasion left Baghdad on Wednesday.
jTlieir Boeing 747 was chartered jointly
byriie United States and Britain. Another
flight carrying 10 ailing and elderly
; Italian men flew to Rome.
2raqi President Saddam Hussein has
jsald he will allow foreign women and
children to leave Iraq and Kuwait but is
.From Associated Press reports
:: : JOHANNESBURG, South Africa
Chaotic violence raged Wednesday
;thirpugh black townships, where armed
igaflgs set fire to homes and chased
;people through the streets. Police said
!at least 50 people were killed.
' ijtt was some of the worst unrest in a
;mSnth of black faction fighting in
.'townships near Johannesburg. More
jthafi 700 people have died.
; , People piled possessions in wheel
barrows and supermarket carts to flee
jclashes between groups armed with
jmiichetes, axes, spears and clubs. ' We
pave to leave. We are helpless without
:guns," said one man who refused to
Arabs anxious about potential
Israeli involvement in conflict
From Associated Press reports
f?1 DAMMAM, Saudi Arabia A
government official was discussing
what Saudis increasingly refer to as
Saddam Hussein's "Israeli option"
when he suddenly began shaking his
head.
s "Saudi Arabia would rather be ab
sorbed by Saddam Hussein than saved
by Israel," said the official, who, as is
" customary, spoke on condition of
, anonymity.
His remark was likely an exag
geration. Indeed, the official and
.: several other prominent Saudis inter-
; t v ie wed recently offered private praise :
l4of Israel for keeping a low rmblic
t profile since Iraq invaded Kuwait.
But the statement highlighted
crowing Saudi anxiety over Saddam's
i ' potential to change the face of the
r standoff by drawing Israel into the
I conflict. Any Israeli involvement
vuuiu tuajigv utv alignment Ji luiwcs
'against Iraq, isolate Saudi Arabia and
- put the United States in an awkward
position. No Arab country could afford
p.Xo fight against Iraq alongside Israel
and the United States, Israel s main
.-.aid and arms supplier.
tiiv "The option that keeps people
awake at night is the Israeli option -
-that Saddam will lob missiles at Is
rael," the Saudi official said. "Saddam
Knows that if he fools with Israel he'll
be clobbered. But he also knows that
1-fooling with Israel would devastate
Bv "devastate." the Saudi official
means isolate, arguing that Saudi
Arabia would be blamed for the de-
struction of an Arab state albeit a
t belligerent one - and ostracized
P among its brothers much like Eevnr
Q was after making peace with Israel.
Z that any public Israeli role in the crisis
would quickly undermine the support
K the kingdom has received from most
I of the Arab world, including the in
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holding most Western men as human
shields to deter an invasion.
President Bush, in an address Tues
day night to a joint session of Congress,
said his heart went out to the families of
the American hostages, but he declared,
"America and the world will not be
blackmailed."
Bush also prepared a videotaped
message to Iraq's citizens Wednesday
in which he said that "we have no quarrel
with the Iraqi people" and that Iraqis
should blame hardships created by the
embargo on their own government.
Bush made the eight-minute tape after
the Iraq government offered to send a
TV crew to interview him and broadcast
the interview on Iraqi television.
Bush opted to make his own tape
instead. White House officials said they
doubted the entire message would be
broadcast in Baghdad.
Iran's Khamenei, meanwhile, reiter
ated his opposition to Iraq's Aug. 2
invasion of Kuwait. But the condem
nation was muffled by his bitter de
nunciation of the U.S. forces deployed
to protect Saudi Arabia.
"What has the security of this region
got to do with you?" he asked. "The
security of this region is the business of
the nations of this region."
Khamenei warned: "Moslem nations
will not allow America to set up its
security and defense system in the region."
itimate at least
give his name.
Ambushes in Soweto killed a white
policeman and three blacks, while street
fighting killed 46 blacks in four other
townships, police said.
Officers fired tear gas and birdshot to
disperse crowds in Vosloorus and
Soweto. Houses and cars were set alight,
and charred corpses remained on the
street in several areas.
"The Zulus are killing us," said one
man at the Tokoza squatter camp, who
was carrying an ax. "Every night they
come with guns."
ANC leader Nelson Mandela dis
cussed the violence Tuesday with
President F.W. de Klerk and called for
fluential Syrians and Egyptians.
The United States has been sensi
tive to Saudi concerns and asked Is
rael at the outset of the crisis to keep
its involvement, at least publicly, to a
minimum.
Army Gen. H. Norman
Schwarzkopf, commander of the U.S.
forces here, responded with a blunt
"no" when asked if the United States
was getting help from Israel, The
United States is believed to begetting
intelligence from the Israelis.
How the current standoff will affect
regional politics and the Arab-Israeli
conflict is unclear. If nothing else, the
Saudis are vowing to be far more
selective in doling out foreign aid,
including the hefty assistance they
provide the Palestine Liberation Or
ganization. A senior government official said
this week the Saudis want and plan to
continue their support of the PLO.
But the. official said the kingdom
hoped PLO leaders would move away
from statements viewed as supportive
of the Iraqi invasion.
There have been a few public epi
sodes that have illustrated the often
conflicting attitudes among Saudis
toward Israel.
Two English-language Saudi
newspapers last week took the un
precedented step of publishing a map
showing Israel Most maps sold here
identify the territory as Palestine.
"Don't think it wasn't noticed," an
official in the government of Saudi
Arabia's Eastern Province said.
That seemingly liberal step was
balanced the same week by the seizure
of hundreds of T-shirts vendors were
selling that referred to the gulf crisis
i and the deployment of American and
other troops here.
s Saudi and U.S. military officials
said the reason for the confiscation
was that the maps on the shirts referred
to Israel.
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"The struggle against American ag
gression, greed, plans and policies in
the Persian Gulf will be counted as a
Jihad (holy war), and anybody who is
killed on that path is a martyr," he said
in the speech carried by Tehran radio
and monitored in Nicosia.
Iran's spiritual leaders often referred
to their 8-year conflict with Saddam's
secular regime as a crusade. But Saddam
last month withdrew troops that have
occupied Iranian territory since a 1988
truce, and it agreed to share sovereignty
over the Shatt-al-Arab waterway, the
southern border between the two
countries.
On Sunday, Iraqi Foreign Minister
Tariq Aziz was in Iran for the first visit
by a high-ranking Iraqi official in 15
years. Officials said Iran agreed to allow
food and medical supplies into Iraq in
return for 200,000 barrels of free oil a
day.
Analysts said Khamenei 's comments
may have been aimed at placating anti
Western radicals in the Tehran hierar
chy who have been critical of the U.S.
presence as well as the moderating
policies of President Hashemi
Rafsanjani.
One analyst contacted by The Asso
ciated Press said he doubted Khamenei's
statement reflected a serious threat to
unleash Iran's zealous Revolutionary
Guards or other Moslem forces against
American forces in the gulf.
50 killed by gangs in
the military to end the fighting. Mandela
and other black leaders have been unable
to bring peace, despite repeated pleas.
They have accused police of fueling the
fighting and allege that whites with
blackened faces or wearing masks have
joined in the attacks.
The fighting involves Zulus loyal to
the conservative Inkatha movement and
Xhosas and other blacks linked to the
ANC. It began Aug. 1 2 in Johannesburg
area townships after spreading from
Natal Province in the east. Natal is the
traditional Zulu homeland.
ANC supporters have charged that
much of the recent fighting began with
Inkatha attacks on squatter camps and
Soviet Union
From Associated Press reports
MOSCOW President Mikhail
Gorbachev said Wednesday a plan for
converting the Soviet Union to a market
economy has been submitted simulta
neously to the national parliament and
to those of the 15 republics.
Gorbachev, saying the entire country
should be involved in this "difficult
choice," was for the first time seeking
nationwide approval via the elected
parliaments of a policy that previ
ously was determined by the Commu
nist regime's central government.
In an interview with the evening
television news program "Vremya,"
Gorbachev confirmed that the plan he
endorsed and submitted to the national
and republic parliaments was based on
a radical proposal by economist
Stanislav Shatalin.
In doing so, Gorbachev has rejected
the proposal for a more moderate reform
program put forth by Prime Minister
Nikolai Ryzhkov, who has indicated he
would resign if his plan is defeated
when the national legislature reconvenes
next week.
Reflecting the political uncertainty
and public anxiety over the economy,
Reagan takes
From Associated Press reports
WEST BERLIN Former President
Reagan, who once used the Berlin Wall
to give the East bloc a rhetorical bash
ing, grabbed a hammer and chisel
Wednesday to take a few real whacks at
the remnants of the Cold War barrier.
Onlookers applauded and shouted,
"We love you, Ronnie!" and, "Bravo,
Ronnie!" as the 79-year-old Reagan
and his wife, Nancy, walked through
the landmark Brandenburg Gate be
tween East and West Berlin.
A hundred yards farther, the Reagans
came to one of the few remaining sec
tions of the concrete wall in central
Berlin. The ex-president, his tongue
sticking through his teeth in determi
nation, gave it a few smacks
ill I I m m
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Nations agree on treaty to form
united Germany, balance power
From Associated Press reports
MOSCOW The victors of World
War II on Wednesday signed one of
the most important documents of the
postwar era, giving international
sanction to both German unity and a
major reshaping of the East-West
balance of power.
Secretary of State James Baker
proclaimed the signing a "rendezvous
with history
'This represents the end of a 45'
year journey," Baker said after he and
the foreign ministers of the Soviet
Union, Britain France and the two
Germanys signed a treaty settling the
global aspects of German unification.
At the signing ceremony inside
Moscow'sposh October Hotel, Soviet
President Mikhail Gorbachev watched
West German Foreign Minister Hans
Dietrich Genscher affix the first sig
nature, followed by East German
Prime Minister Lothar de Maiziere,
who is also foreign minister.
The Allies were next: French For
eign Minister Roland Dumas, Soviet
Foreign Minister Edouard
Shevardnadze, Baker and British
Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd.
The sweeping document, called the
Treaty on the Final Settlement with
Respect to Germany, climaxes seven
months of tough bargaining between
the six nations.
In it, the same four powers that
other dwellings.
The latest victims included a police
officer and three colleagues who were
ambushed with assault rifles while
driving through a squatter camp in
Soweto. The police officer was killed,
and the others were seriously injured.
Police said the ambushed patrol went
to the camp after ANC leader Walter
Sisulu told them Tuesday night that
Inkatha was attacking residents. Police
Brig. Gen. Vic Haynes said Sisulu's
report proved false, but that the quick
police response showed the force was
not siding with Inkatha.
"We do not at all say that Mr. Sisulu
deliberately led the policemen into an
to consider switching to market economy
some Soviet newspapers raised Ques
tions about the stability of society.
"Democracy that doesn't provide food
is doomed," said an editorial in
Wednesday's KomsomolskayaPravda.
A columnist for the weekly
Literaturnaya Gazeta suggested the
military-industrial complex might well
decide "it's cheaper and safer to launch
a military coup." He then suggested
such an action would return the nation
to the "stagnation" that existed under
former leader Leonid Brezhnev.
The government newspaper Izvestia
ran an interview Tuesday with Col. Gen.
Vladislav Achalov, who sought to calm
readers by telling them the presence of
paratroops near Moscow was benign.
The troops are helping with the harvest
and drilling for the Nov. 7 Revolution
Day parade, he said, and are not a "threat
to democracy ... so please don't suspect
them in any actions against the people."
"It's a difficult choice to be made,"
Gorbachev said in the nationally tele
vised broadcast, speaking about the
decision to launch the overall economic
reforms.
"This is not the choice of one person
or of a group of people," he said. "It is
a whack at Berlin Wall on European trip
In a speech three years ago, Reagan
challenged Soviet President Mikhail
Gorbachev to "tear this wall down."
Reagan's presidential library in Simi
Valley, Calif., has a three-ton section of
the wall, which was opened in Novem
ber following an autumn of pro-democracy
demonstrations. The two
Germanys are scheduled for
reunification Oct. 3.
"Looking back one year, who would
have believed that today you would be
in the final stages of uniting your
country?" Reagan said in a speech later
to a forum on Germany's future.
'Today, that symbol of separation,
the Berlin Wall, is a fading memory.
Yet, for nearly three decades it had
separated the German people and it
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defeated Germany in 1945 give their
seal of approval to German unity. It will
lead to scrapping their special rights in
Germany such as their control of air
corridors into Berlin.
The treaty was the last major docu
ment needed to clear the way for merging
the two Germanys on Oct, 3.
Under the document, the Soviet
Union loses East Germany as its most
valued military ally. The six nations
agreed ail of Germany can belong to
NATO.
The Soviets will be allowed to keep
their estimated 370,000 troops in East
Germany for a maximum of four years.
Armed forces of the three Western
World War II allies will be permitted to
remain in Berlin as long as Soviet troops
are still in East Germany.
The treaty also addresses Soviet
concerns about the potential might of a
united Germany and about shifts in the
European balance of power.
The Soviets won a pledge from the
Germans that they would put a cap of
370,000 on their total troop strength.
The two Germanys currently have about
600,000 soldiers.
Both German nations also vowed to
renounce ownership or use of atomic,
chemical and biological weapons.
The Soviets won a concession that no
nuclear weapons would be deployed on
East German soil even after all Red
Army troops are withdrawn.
South African
ambush," Haynes added.
Also in Soweto, three blacks died
when their yellow van was riddled with
gunfire from AK-47 rifles, police said.
The attackers apparently mistook the
van for a police vehicle, most of which
are yellow.
The government sent troops into the
townships last month to back up police,
but fighting didn't stop. Mandela said
Tuesday the government could stop the
fighting if it wanted to by using its
powerful military.
He also said the continued unrest
threatened talks with the white-led
government on ending apartheid.
Mandela has made similar statements
the country that should make its choice.
And having made the choice, to have it
going and moving forward."
Shatalin's plan calls for transferring
most economic authority from the na
tional government to the republics, who
then could move to free prices, privatize
government industries, legalize private
ownership of land and take other steps
toward a market-based system.
Ryzhkov's plan calls for keeping
central control over the economy and
making a much slower transition to a
market-based system. He recommended
keeping price controls on most food and
household products, while raising the
cost of some major items, such as tele
visions, radios and refrigerators.
The parliament of Russia, the largest
of the republics, on Tuesday over
whelmingly approved a version of the
Shatalin plan. The republic,, led by
popular reformer Boris Yeltsin, has
taken the initiative on pressing for
economic change, increasing the pres
sure on Gorbachev.
Gorbachev had asked a group of eco
nomic experts, led by Abel Aganbegyan,
to hammer out a program to submit to
the national parliament taking elements
symbol ized the lack of freedom for those
in East Germany to travel, to speak out,
to live and to work where they chose."
He predicted the united Germany
would be a partner in Western security
and economic growth and join interna
tional peacekeeping forces.
"It will also serve as a symbol of the
unquenchable human spirit, a spirit
embodied in the terms 'freiheit
freedom and 'einigkeit' unity."
After visiting the wall, Reagan vis
ited East German Parliament President
Sabine Bergmann-Pohl. She said she
hoped Reagan would return to visit the
country after unification.
Berlin was Reagan's first stop on a
10-day European trip that also includes
scheduled stops in Poland, the Soviet
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The treaty also states that a united
Germany will never try to claim land
forfeited to Poland after World War
n.
Poland had expressed reservations
about a united Germany, fearing the
Germans might try to reclaim the
territory.
The horrible devastation of World
War II, started by Nazi Germany in
1939, is evoked in the six-nation
treaty. Germany's division and
the start of the Cold War era fol
lowed the Nazis' 1945 defeat.
'The governments of the Federal
Republic of Germany (West Ger
many) and the German Democratic
Republic (East Germany) reaffirm
their declarations that only peace will
emanate from German soil," the treaty
states.
It adds, "According to the consti
tution of the united Germany, acts
tending to and undertaken with the
intent to disturb the peaceful rela
tions between nations, especially to
prepare for aggressive war, are un
constitutional and punishable."
Genscher said that the treaty
signing was "a day of joy and jubi
lation" Jot Germans, but that the
victims of World War n and the Nazi
terror m ust never be forgotten and the
"agony of the Jewish people" never
repeated.
in the past, but the talks have continued.
Both Inkatha and the ANC oppose
apartheid but differ over tactics and
plans for a future South Africa. Inkatha
accuses the ANC of trying to monopo
lize power by terrorizing political op
ponents. The ANC says Inkatha spread
the violence from Natal in a bid to
broaden its constituency
Foreign Affairs Minister Pik Botha,
in a letter to the United Nations, called
for international pressure to get Mandela
and Inkatha leader Mangosuthu
Buthelezi to join forces in seeking an
end to the fighting. The ANC has so far
rejected contact with Buthelezi.
from both the Shatalin proposal and the
government plan, which was written by
Ryzhkov.
On Tuesday, he told the parliament
of his preference for the Shatalin pro
posal, and on Wednesday, he said the
unified plan submitted to the pari iaments
"is generally based on the concept
suggested by the group headed by aca
demician Shatalin."
"But at the same time, it is a new
document," Gorbachev told the
"Vremya"jnterviewer. "It has absorbed
lots of ideas and suggestions of the
government's program, and of the pro
gram suggested by many scientists ...
and many ideas and suggestions made
by our union republics."
Gorbachev also appeared to calm the
anxieties of a Soviet populace that has
endured shortages of the most basic
goods, such as bread and cigarettes, and
a wave of panic-buying this year.
"No matter what program we choose,
this transition will be the most difficult
compared with anything we have done
so far during the perestroika years," he
said, referring to the economic and so
cial program he has launched since
taking power in 1985.
Union and Italy.
On Thursday, he is expected to travel
to Bonn, the West German capital, to
meet with Chancellor Helmut Kohl.
Reagan said he believed the course
for reforms in Eastern Europe began in
the early 1980s when West Germany
agreed to accept bases for cruise missiles
with nuclear warheads and the U.S.
began its "Star Wars" Strategic Defense
Initiative, conceived as a shield against
nuclear strikes.
Both decisions forced the Soviets to
accept a treaty on intermediate-range
nuclear forces and focus more on internal
economic problems, he said.
"Inevitably, they loosened their grip
on the states of central and Eastern
Europe, Reagan said.
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