PAGEELEVEN
THE WILMINGTON DISPATCH. SUNDAY MORNING. JANUARY'l?, 1918
The Freedom of the Seas an Ameri
can Policy
(By Iredell Mearee.)
The United States has stood since States has given the evidence of un
,riv history for the ireedosi of fceiflsh devotion and voluntary, adher-
. i-u j. a. i it.. - , . - ..
Tins meaus mai tuc uucau eute 10 uie principle or the free navl-
d the seas, with their arms and gation of the seas, with its arms and
arLersnn2 charnels, shall be free connecting channels, whether natn-
,he nawBuvu - r . 'rttB.lu nations, i C0Untry became engaged, both Ens-
Land and Germany, it is fair to say,
r.
congress and made a joint agreement
to compound the duties by paying a
lump sum, of which $900,000 was as
signed to the United States.
"Our Government refused to share
i in the congress or its findings, and
made a separate settlement with the
Danes. In effect, the American re
publio was standing for the princi
pal of free navigation or the open
seas in behalf of all nations."
Present War.
In the present war, but before our
na'ions. 1 uc ju'u,vuv" " j " titw uiwiumg me great ocean
ition 01 a J . . " .(.laiitiu auu raci-
rrrited to witnm marine league or no ai a cost or four hundred million
bree miles off from its snores. i dollars and undertaking at its own
This is not' nowever- an exclusive cost its maintenance and protection,
iuridirtion. but subject to the right it has opened for all time the Pana
. navigation by ships of all nations; ma Canal to the ships of all nations
therwise. within the stated limit, on equal terms and at like tolls.
-:t imiro nf thp n at Inn whns i.n j.
territory
embraces the shore line ex The Cattegat Channel or strait,
violated neutral rights by declaring
paper blockades. These violations
were the occasion of frequent remon
strance' by this government. The
recognized blockade of international
law is where a nation at war with
another blocks the entrance of a par
ticular port of its enemy by the pres
ence of a sufficient naval force, at
ii.. rrv.,. . ... ...
tends oi ' - xr "TtT oa witn tne ; the sea entrance of the harbor, to
of frents cannot engage in na North Sea. It is the only natural it effective that is. to prevent
Vli comoai cuauuwi Ior uie passage oi snip rom , the passing in or out of ships of com
fv aE1"51 cx-" Bett LL sea. ix is aeep, out narrow,
jn'iles of the shore of a neutral na with cliffs rising on either side. The
tion's territory. The acts would be German fleet blocks the English fleet
n0 less an invasion of a neutral's from "passing through to the Baltic,
sovereignty than if committed with- as it commands the narrow way on
j"n jts rivers or harbors. Crimes, like the Baltic side. The English - fleet
mutiny or murder, or lesser crimes, blocks the exit of the German -fleet
merce, enemy or neutral, except as
permitted. If effective, neutral ships
are bound to respect an actual block
ade or, if attempting to run it, incur
the danger of being attacked, sunk
or captured, without reparation, by
the blockading fleet. The mere dec
sink vessels, destroy cargoes or kill
innocent non-combatants, women and
children, or citizens of neutral na
tions. Germany did. Herein lies the
also a saving of two cutters, as well
as 24 mules, with the everyday ex
pense of keeping them, rain or shine,
as well as two men, there can be no
committed on . iom passing turougn the Baltic laratlon of a blockade-on-paper has
stated limit are triable and punish- mi0R Qm u0 lmUBtp 9m spUBUI . never been considered valid in inter
able in the courts of the nation whose .m00 stJ Bag ,JON eq- m nfitional law It must be actual De
territory embmces the shore line, un-j sea end. Germany constructed the daring blockades of extended zones
e?s otherwise stipulated by treaty, Kiel Canal from the Baltic to the Lf the high seas, miles awav from
a3 offenses against its laws, but i. North Sea, as a naval necessity, if the enemy ports or shore lines, has
committed on ship board beyond the she were to get her fleet out of the! never been asserted before this war
prescribed limu, me uuense woum Baltic, and, on the North Sea end and has never been recognized as the not the ultimate inspiration of mak
be subject to me jurisdiction ana of that canal, the great fortification belligerent's right. ing the war of the Allies the war of Winston - Salem - Morehead City.Beau-
England's fleet covld not vlockade i America- i fort Pullman Sleeping Car Line Be-
norm-iii Trt0 oe It rtmiiA t i National Honap ! comes w insion-aaiem-uoiosooro
ture through the Cattegat Channel in
illegal and Indefensible." Those na
tions had as much right to have de
clared a blockade or war zone on
the high seas off the coast of Ameri
ca as off the coast of either France:
the British, Isles Or other nations.
The law of nat?ons concedes the
AUTOMOBBLE REPLAOSS PASSENGER REVENUE
TWENTY-FOUR MULES
IN GERMANY GROWS
No more impressive demonstration
of the utility of the passenger motor
car could be desired than tne use to
right of the belligt-ent ship to de- fhlch an Overland automobile has
stroy the enemy com.-nerce ship, pro-i bef? pui m the TeXaB rice flelds
vided the non-combatant crew and; AJ'er flve of service over the
passengers are afforded the right by I uy "T" '-rosoy, lexas, months of peace (August 1913) Ju-
the belligerent ships Ho stop, search ' tW81 car' during the last year, did the ly 1914) according to The Nordee-
and examine tne neutral commerce; " T r oai"6 K utsche Allgemeine Zeitung. In the . ;
ship, and, if articles of contraband nce croP f IJ161" Rice Com-t first war year revenues -fell off S2.1 HTftof f TJIilVg :$:4
are found, destined for the enemy. : pany- at Crosby. The veteran tour-1
ner cent., and in the Keconrt war vear ww JJu9 AfJ&UA'G '':i i,i3
Amsterdam, Netherlands, Jan. 12.
Passener traffic revenues on German
railroads in the third war year show
an increase of 5.3 per cent, over the
record figure of the last twelve
- ' ' ' ' .
- - . - .'Hv
they may be seized or destroyed, but,
tral crew or passengers be removed,
or the ship of the neutral nation seiz
ed or sunk. Compensation can be
made, if wrongfully done, to the owners.
ing car was hitched to a cutter, and oi nAr rAT,t th rrrt fi,rA
under no circumstances can the neu- ba( and forth across the 9,0000,acre reached in the year ending July 31,
1L . 0cn.u o. These rlErures include the re-
previously required three cutters cei tg from military tnBic which it - , ,
with eight mules each. The cutter: - Atkar fQvfT1cr tho Q0 tnail tne every-aay
itself -was speeded up by a gasoline , thri TO,' fnrmeH niv 'n ofo-htv, bruises, scratches, etc. that hartii
acciueriis cutsti
1 is i x i X' 'J' '
uc's"uwiau"Blsu LW.?lv;part of the total railroad income. cento their children ?
ttiiirs an nniir was rno srpanv e-niT nt ... .... , r
England's command of the sea en- the out5t. tf 6 XZ1T1 i Noah's Liniment stor t. KWilM
1 ?r i
abled her in the main to adhere to
these laws This was her advantage.
Germany could not, since her naval
ships could not openly venture upon
the high seas. This was her disad
vantage. She then resorted, contra
ry to all law, to her ruthless policy.
She sank American ships, prohibited
. V'ZrCl 5"? dOT"" deadens the pain, takes away theffi
' . .. ' - i Trairir.. i nmnaren wit.ii iur nnrre- i 0111 1,1 i?'.r.r'Y
aanger oi Diooa poisoning ana neats-fiS'ij
intendent of the farm. "It costs us a 1
little over ?1 a day to xun the ma
chine, while it costs nearly that much
to keep a mule. In its present state
of service, the automobile could not
be appraised at much more than
their entrance in the war zone, and j 50 because of its flve years of use
Killed Amencai cmzens, over two and abuse, while one mule costs $250.
hundred or more. England did not i whPn rm pnnRi.iAra that thro i
under whose flag the ship rightfully Tne freedom of navigation thrmisrh
this Cattegat Channel was once the
subject of controversy between the
sailed or belonged.
Barbary States.
The European nations for centuries: United states and Denmark. Prof
submitted to tribute or a kind of
piracy exacted from ships and com
merce navigating the Mediterranean
gea by the despotic rulers of Algiers,
Morocco, Tunis and Tripoli, which
countries were known as the Barbary
States. After the United States be
came independent it submitted to the
tribute for awhile and bought immun
ity for its ships which sailed into
the Mediterranean. Even in spite of
this, our vessels were seized and our
sailors captured, but in 1801, a squad
ron was sent to the Mediterranean
and between 1801 and 1804, the
American naval ships bombarded
Tripolitan towns, cleared the Medi
terranean of these pirates, compelled
respect for the American flag, and es
tablished, alike for all nations,' the
freedom of the seas. This, says an
historian, "was a new method of deal
ing with these pirates and the hon
or of its adoption belongs to the!
United States."
It is interesting to read, after these
States had been brought to terms
by thig vigorous treatment, the man
ifesto issued to hispeople as a warn
ing by the titular Emperor of Mor
occo, expressed in terms, as follows:
"Now, know ye, that the Almighty
having reconciled what had happen
ed with the American, nation beeause
of the acts of the vesselsr and'that
e are now, as we were before, with
them in peace and friendship, as sew
tied with our father (to whom God
be merciful) take care take care,
that none of you do anything against
them or show them in disrespect or
disregard, for they are, as they were,
in friendship and peace, and we have
Increased our regard for them, in
consequence of the friendship they
nave manifested for our person,
which God has exalted. And we do
order that you be careful and dili
gent in all their concerns, and we
order that you do well with their
ressels and with their merchants.
Peace be with you all!"
It was in relation to this affair
with the Barbary States that the
distinguished statesman and Senator
from South Carolina, Charles Pick
ney, gave utterance to his famous
saying, which tersely interpreted
then and interprets now the spirit of
the people of this natidn: "Millions
for defense, but not one cent for tri
bute!'
War of 1812.
The War of 1812 between this
country and England, on the part of
the United States, was in. effect for
the principle of the freedom of the
seas. It was in protest and resis
tance to the interference by England
with American ships and sailors on
the high seas. In her need for men
to man her navy, England undertook
to impress Americal sailors on the pre
text that they were British subjects,
seizing them on board of American
ships, and impressing them in her
naval forces. In the wars between
England and France, both nations
had disregarded the neutral rights of
tms country by subjecting our ships
10 wrongful seizure and our com
merce to illegal interference. It was
then a subject of repeated protests
y our government. The United
States retaliated by an embargo, pro
hibiting exportations to those coun
tries, and by non-intercourse acts,
Prohibiting all commercial relation
ship between the citizens of the re
spective countries, but both methods
Proved ineffectual.
We declared war against England.
The brilliant victories of our little
navy over the greater English navy,
despite the reverses on land, led to
the withdrawal by "England of the
Orders in Council and the stoppage
r the practices under them, which
had provoked the War of 1812. The
merchants of Glasgow, in resolutions
adopted in September 1814, declared
that ''the successes of the American
Privateers have proved injurious to
our commerce, humbling to our pride,
and discreditable to the directors of
the naval power of the British na-t-on,
whose flag till of late waved
ovtr every sea and triumped over
f very riva Thug in the pride of
vital difference in the conduct of the Question concerning: the economv. ef
nations, which led to war with Ger- ficiency and utility of the Overland
il. : n.i. ic I
niauy, as iub iniuieuiaie cause, u car
sponamg monta or tne passen- " . .
ger traffic showed an advance of the wound. It is antiseptic. -.fli
30.6 per cent., and of 14.1 per cent. t 9 T ,
as compared with August, 1913, the NOSlll S jLlIlini6Ilfcl
J Freight traffic rose 11.6 per cent, as is the best single preparation any
per cent, as against xo. Jf . . pmpj-
I A Vienna disDatch savs the reve- At 13 a Pam remedy
nues of the Austrian State railroads for internal use as
have risen, since the last peace year well as a liniment for
from 830,00-0,000 crowns to 1,080,000,- . r .
000 while expenditure for the . cur-, external application,
rent financial year is put at 1,190,-J Koah's Liniment
000'000 cro!; j is excellent for colds,
These violations of international
of which, those nort.s are 1 orated, hp
Albert Bushnell Hart, the professor j cause Germany's navy commanded
of history in Harvard University, in
his "Foundation of American Foreign
Policy" refers briefly to the incident.
He says:
"Every since the Middle Ages the
Danish Government has levied duties
on vessels, passing through the straits
to the. Baltic; the only logical ground
was that of defense from priates, and
ror many decades ground had dis
appeared. The United States therefore-
took the lead in protest
ing; European powers then took the
matter up, and in 1857 held a kind of
the eastern outlet of that channel.
Germany could not blockade English
ports. The British fleet in the North
Sea was powerful enough to prevent
Sleeping Car Line
to the Baltic Sea, on the shore lines right, it is said, might have been ad-' fcoutnern naiiway system announ-
' s.i AffaAHvA Tirifh loaf - Ta i r rr ot.i1
justed by diplomacy; perhaps so, 'if T v;iD
we had continued" to submit to them, , r nrIhl
, . , , , Winston-SalemMorenead City-Beati-
but we could not wait longer on dl-fort gaping Car Line will be shorten
plomacy, with national self-respect. d to Wlnston-Salem-Goldsboro Line,
when our rights were ruthlessly vio-!Car m continue to be handled on
lated on the high seas, our vessels! trains N 232-112 and 111.227
it. Germany could not attempt it, ( sunk, our countrymen drowned, ourt or further details ask Southern
without risking her fleet in naval j commerce blocked, and our flag in- j Railway System Agents, or address ,T.
combat. j suited. If we had, this great repub- J o. Jones, Traveling Passenger Agent,
This led England to declare a min-' He would have dishonored itself, sur-, Raleigh, N. C.
ed area and blockade -one of the 1 rendered its rights, confessed its im- j
English Channel and North Sea. Ger-! potency, abandoned its traditions, 1 with all it implies of national honor
many declared a submarine blockade J and no longer would have been the and American rights the rights of
of the ocean around France and the! home of the brave and the land of all free nations to navigate the
British Isles. These were pronounc- j the free. As before, we are again ocean and transport its commerce,
ed by our government as "illogical, ! fighting for the freedom of the seas, 1 Wilmington, N. C.
THIRTEEN INDIAN
BOYS ARE BURNED
coughs, sore throat
and toothache.
Made in Richmond,
Va. by Noah Products
Muskogee, Okla., Jan. 12 Thirteen nnrn nAcnA,vA-
Indian boys were burned to death ear- " '
ly this morning in a fire which de-, ers 25c, 50c, $1.00.
stroyed the boys dormitory of the
Dwight Indian Tndian Training school
at Marble City, Okla., 40 miles soutn
east of here. Over 100 boys escapeu
scantily clad in the bitter cold.
Loose Orthography
The folks who write what moderns
read
Are much distressing me.
They WILL spell led (the past of lead)
With "a" 'twixt "e" and "d."
' Farm Life.
BRITISH TROOPS RAID
ENEMY TRENCHES
London, Jan. 12. Early this morn-1
ing British troops raided trenches
east of Loos, capturing a few prison-l
ers, tfye war office announces. Therl
is nothing further to report. J;'
'i
Bank A Little Money Every Week and Have Money
MEN-WOMEN--BOYS--GIRLS--LITTLE CHILDREN
SHOULD JOIN OUR
BABY
Chris
s
tenia
Banking
vLi ii LI O
youth and courage of its man-
its
v
U, tli. nofi'nn cfmolr tVy o Tn
Ple, which it cannot abandon, in
te strength of its present power,
Ja preserve its status among the
nations of the earth.
EVERY ONE IN THE FAMILY j
CHRISnvA5
The keasons for The
Christmas Banking Club
To provide a way for those of moderate and even small
means to save money.
To teach thrift to old and young by a systematic method
of saving a specified sum each week. The Christmas Bank
ing Club makes it easy for all to save.
To make it possible for you to provide for Insurance,
Taxes, Interest, or to buy Bonds or make other investments.
You can take care of future payments by Banking a little
money each week.
To give all "a bank connection' So that they will learn
the many ways in which our bank can be of service to them.
She joined
our
CHRISTMAS
BANKING
wlfh
X5?iFjSSSl-Wyt -SS-- VXOK l;r.e.;-V-j-3'- 1
MM ill T?sss(SywL,f; 11
next
she will
have
WHAT THE DIFFERENT CLUBS WILL PAY YOU
lc CLUB I 2c CLUB I 5c CLUB I 10c CLUB I 50c CLUB I $1.00 CLUB $5.00 CLUB XCLUB
PAYMENTS PAYMENTS PAYMENTS PAYMENTS PAYMENT5 PAYMENTS PAYMENTS
1st Week . . . . lc 1st Week ... .2c 1st Week . ..." 5c 1st Week ... 10c 1st Week . . .50c 1st Week . .$ .00 1st .Week . .$5.00 for
2nd Week 2c 2nd Week .... 4c 2nd Week . . . 1 0c 2nd Week ... 20c 2nd Week ... 50c 2nd Week . . $ 1 .00 2nd Week . . $5.00 $2, $3, $4
3rd Week . . . .3c 3rd Week ... .6c 3rd Week . . . 1 5c 3rd Week . . .30c 3rd Week .. .50c 3rd Week . .$1.00 3rd Week $5.00 $10 or . u -
Increase Every Week Increase Every Week Increase Every Week Increase Every Week Deposit 50c Every Deposit $1.00 Every Deposit ?5.00 ..very
bv lc by 2c by 5c by 10c Week Week We. -r , Any
Total in 50 Weeks Total in 50 Weeks Total in 50 WeeKs Total in 50 Weeks Total in 50 Weeks Total in 50 Weeks Total in 50 Weeks
$12.75 $25.50 $63.75 $127.50 $25.00 I $50.00 1 $250.00 Amount
YOU CAN BEGIN WITH THE LARGEST PAYMENT FIRST AND DECREASE YOUR PAYMENTS EACH WEEK
HOW TO JOIN IT COSTS NOTHING TO JOIN
It b Very Easy to Join Our Christmas Banking Club
5:1
S:h
11
fi'
I:
1 I
4V
THE PLAN OF THE CLUB IS SIMPLE I
You begin with a certain amount, lc, 2c, 5c or 10c, and increase your deposit the
same amount each week; Or, you can begin with a certain amount, 50c, $1 .00, $5.00 or
any amount, and deposit the same amount each week.
There is a Club for Everybody. Pick out the club you want to join and bring in
your first payment. Do it today.
COME IN AND ASK ABOUT IT
All you need to do is to come into our bank with 10c, 5c, 2c or lc, or 50c, $ 1 .00. i
$5.00 or any amount and tell us which Club you wish to join. We will make you a
member of the Club and give you a BANK BOOK showing the Club you have joined.
We Pay 4 Per Cent Interest on Your Christmas Banking Club
W (BdDFo Sdlo sinQdS (PlEl!3R1(E&!3TrIEEET&
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Panama Canal.
In
very reecnt-years, the United
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