^ FRTOAY. SEPTEMBER 10. 1954
Convocation Of
Church Scheduled
The 33rd Annual Holy Convo
cation of the Church of God in
Christ of N'orth Carolina will con
vene at the Church of God In
Christ on West Stephens street,
Southern Pines, September 14-23.
Bishop Wyoming Wells, who is
THE PILOT. Southern Pines. North Carolina
Hour and Sunshine
Band program.
Other members of the local
church have parts on the program
throughout the Convodhtion, as
well as visitors from other church
districts of North Carolina.
iBshop C. H. Mason is senior
bishop. Other leading officers of
the church are: Mrs. Lillian B.
—. Cojffee, general supervisor of
pastor of the local church, will woman’s work; Mrs. Lola Jack-
preside. Programs will run from son, recording secretary; Elder
10 a. rn. through evening serv-' J. R. Anderson, secretary of the
ices daily. | council; and Mrs. Ruby Rice
The Women’s Day program will Jones, secretary of women’s
be held Tuesday, September 21.'work.
£ary HoX'an background of Segregation Decision
Auxiliary
Separate Schools Provision Found
In 1875 Constitutional Amendment
'4;
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OPEN SUNDAY AT 12i00
Open Daily except Monday at 5:00 p.m.
Phone 2-8203
SlOtf
Week - Day
Nursery and Kindergarten School
BROWNSON MEMORIAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
OPENING SEPTEMBER 15
• MRS. R. P. BROWN, Director
In session Mondays through Fridays, 9 a.m. to 12. Parents of
all denominations are invited to enroll their children.
Telephone Mrs. Brown, 2-4662 or 2-6035
Going Away To College ?
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Southern Pines
In “A Report To The Gov
ernor of North Carolina,” The
Institute of ^Government at
Chapel Hill has prepared an
objective study of last May’s
Supreme Court decision out
lawing segregation by race
in the public schools of the
nation.
In this third selection from
The report to be published
by The Pilot, the study con
tinues to trace the back
ground of the segregation de
cision by relating the history
of school segregation in
North Carolina and else
where in the nation.
The Pilot feels that a wide
public awareness of the his-'
tory of white and Negro edu
cational problems, especially
in this state, will lead to
more satisfactory adjust
ments to whatever local sit
uations develop as a result of
the Supreme Court decision.
Therefore, this newspaper
plans to reprint in the next
few weeks excerpts from the
report.
The report to the governor
continues as follows:
PROOF
6 Years Old
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PISTItUD AND BOTTLED BY YEUOWSTONE, INC, LOUISVILLE, KB>mjaCY
The fear of mixed schools for
white and Negro children which
stifled public education in 1866
found expression again on the
floor of the Constitutional Con
vention of 1868. The Committee
on Education brought in a provi
sion for a “general and imiform
system of public schools.” A clari
fying amendment was offered
providing for ‘‘separate and dis
tinct schools” for white and Ne^
gro children. This amendment
was voted down, but the sub
stance of its meaning was incor
porated in a resolution proclaim
ing to the state that: “the inter
ests and happiness of the two
races would be best promoted by
the establishment of separate
schools.”
A Negro representative in the
Convention, who had lived in
Pennsylvania, argued at length
for separate schools:
In the state of Pennsyl
vania there is no law to my
I knowledge, certainly nothing
in the organic law which pre
vents any man from sending
his children to any school in
his district, and yet there is
no town in that state where
there is any considerable
number of colored children
in which there are not sepa
rate schools. . .
There’will undoubtedly be
separate schools in this state
wherever it is possible, be
cause both parties will de
mand it. My experience has
been that the colored people
in this State generally perfer
colored preachers, when (other
things are equal, and I think
the same will be found to be
true respecting teachers. As
the whites are in the major
ity in this State, the only
way we can hope to have col
ored teachers is to have sep
arate schools. . .
I must be permitted to say
that it is impossible for white
teachers, educated as they
necessarily are in this coun
try, to enter into the feelings
of colored pupils as the color
ed teacher does.
ent public schools for the white
and colored races,” approved by
a vote of ninety-one to two be
fore the legislators got down to
the work of writing a school law.
This sentiment was confirmed
in the Governor’s plea for pubhc
schools in his inaugural address:
“. . . that the Constitution does
not require that white and color
ed races shall be educated to
gether in the same schools. It is
beheved to be better'for both,
and most satisfactory to both, that
the schools for the two, thus sep
arate and apart, should enjoy
equally the fostering A:are of the
State. . .”
It found expression in a Con-
jstitutional Amendment in 1875
providing: “And the children of
the white race and the children
of the colored race shall be taught
in separate pubhc schools; but
there shall be no discrimination
in favor of or to the prejudice of
either race.”
In Other Stales
The policy of separate schools
for white and Negro children had
been followed in many states and
found expression in a succession
of court decisions beginning in
1849.
In 1849, in Roberts v. City of
Boston, it was argued: (1) that a
local ordinance providing for sep
arate education of the races vio
lated the provision in the Mass
achusetts Bill of Rights that aU
citizens are born equal; (2) that
the operation of separate schools
“tends to deepen and to perpetu
ate the odious distinction of caste,
founded in a deep-rooted preju
dice in public opinion.”
Chief Justice Shaw handed,
down the opinion of the court'
saying, (1) that segregation qf the
races did not in itself constitute
discrimination; (2) that the Bos
ton School Committee was acting
within its powers when it provi
ded substantially equal schools
for Negroes; and (3) that any
caste distinction aggravated by
segragatqd schools “is not created
by law and probably cannot be
changed by law.
Pursuant to this decision seg
regated schools were upheld ip
Ohio in 1871, California and In
diana in 1874, in New York in
1883, and in Missouri in 1890.
Famous Case Cited
In 1896 this policy met with
the approval of the United States
Supreme Court in the case of
Plessy y. Ferguson, where a Ne
gro plaintiff sought to overthrow
a Louisiana statute requiring
separation of the races traveling
, on trains within the state as a
Tviolation of his personal rights
guaranteed by the Thirteenth and
Fourteenth Amendments. TTie
j Court denied his suit, saying:
PAGE gLEVEN
DMyE CAREFULLY — SAVE A LIFE!
mental law of the land, has
reached the conclusion that it
is competent for a State to
regulate the enjoyment by
citizens of their civil rights
solely upon the basis of race.
Phone 2-7601
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-49
Laws permitting, and even
requiring (separation of the
races) in places where they
are Uable to be brought in
contact do not necessarily im
ply the inferiority of either
race to the other and have-
been generally, if not univer
sally, recognized as within
the competency of the state
legislatures in the exercise of
their police power. The most
common instance of this is
connected with the establish
ment of separate schools for
white and colored children
which has been held a valid
exercise of the legislative
power, even by the courts of
states where the political
rights of the colored race
have been longest and most
earnestly enforced. •
To this decision Justice Har-
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The same fear found expression
a few months later in a resolu
tion from the Committee on Edu-. ...
cation in the General Assembly J ,
“for. the establishment of differ- % lone dissent:
' Our Constitution is color
blind, and neither knows nor
tolerates classes among cit
izens. In respect of covil
rights, all citizens are equal
before the law. The humblest
is the peer of the most power
ful. The law regards man as
man, and takes no account of
his surroundings or of his
color when his civil rights as
guaranteed by the supreme
law of the land are involved.
It is ,therefore, to be regret
ted that this high tribunal, the
final expositor of the funda-,
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Southern Pines
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