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Page TWO THE PILOT—Southern Pinea, North Carolina THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1961 Southern Pines North Carolina “In taking over The Pilot no changes are contemplated. We will try to keep this a good paper. We will try to make a little money for all concerned. Wherever there seems to be an occasion to use our influence for the public good we will try to do it. And we will treat everybody alike.”—Jaimes Boyd, May 23, 1941. Guidance Needed in Shelter Muddle The nation needs leadership, advice and coordinated guidance on the fallout' and shelter problem. Scientists disagree on the dangers of fallout and the possibility of surviving nuclear attack. Views on shelters are divergent, from the extreme, on one hand, of certain religious and spiritual leaders who feel that descent into a shelter, know ing that millions of fellow human beinf 3 will have no protection, is immoral, to the other extreme of persons who frank ly admit they are preparing to protect and nourish nobody but themselves and would be willing to shoot and kill other human beings who seek to share their comforts in time of emergency. The result of all this, it appears to us, is that vast numbers of Americans who are normally intelligent, conscientious, prudent, kind and patriotic are experienc ing increasing frustration. Emotional pressure, if only unconscious beneath the surface of daily life, is building up in millions of American citizens. This is de trimental to national, life. Indeed, we already have in effect a “nation divided against itself” about fallout, shelters and the prospect of nuclear war. The problem is harrowing enough for families who are physically and financial ly able to provide some sort of shelter against fallout or blast. What must it be for persons who know that they do not have and will not have such an oppor tunity—the millions who live in flimsy, basementless houses for whom an expen diture of even $50 is unthinkable; the millions who live in rental houses who cannot alter their dwellings or even dig a hole in the yard without a landlord’s permission; the millions who live in rooms, apartments or hotels whose owners may or may not make some provision for their safety? With no public program of shelters and no government requirement that shelters must be provided for those unable to pro tect themselves, with no indication from municipalities or states or the federal government that responsibility is felt for these millions, how can these people face the future with anything except bitter resignation? And what kind of national unity, national morale can be engendered with a large segment of the population in that frame of mind? If the nation is in peril from nuclear —and the whole Civil Defense effort is so much child’s play if it is'a t-—direc tion and coordination must be given to the matter of shelters. These must above all be assurance that no citizen of the United States be denied protection if he seeks it, either by building public shel ters for those who need them or by financing the construction of private shelters by government loans or grants to those unable to help themselves. Given \this background of mounting national anxiety and confusion, the Presi dent should speak out. He should call a conferente of the govenors of all the states and a national program should be put into effect. Whatever the national policy should be —whether it be to do nothing or to move the population underground or otherwise —it must lead to strong, bold and coordi nated effort, an effort inspiring the cour age and allegiance of every man, woman and child in the nation. There is no word but shameful for the state of the nation’s Civil Defense effort today, with millions digging their private burrows, more millions left unprotected and helpless and still other millions un certain over what is the right thing to do. Doubtful, divided, callous, fearful— these are not the adjectives we want his torians to apply to the United States of today. Can anything erase them from the slate but a vast, coordinated national pro gram that will call upon the entire nation’s energies and resources for the protection of all? Area Around Town Needs Protection Residents of Southern Pines and of outlying territory are becoming more conscious of the need to protect areas around the town from undesirable deve lopments—from industrial or business installations in areas that 'obviously would benefit the community more if they were residential; ■ from jerry-built and unsightly structures, whether busi ness or residential, especially on primary approaches to the community; or from destruction of natural beauty such as wanton cutting of timber and land clear ing for no constructive purpose. Cooperation of property owners in these aims is the primary method of achieving such goals—yet many towns have learned to their regret that this cooperation is not always forthcoming. Almost before a community is aware of what is happen ing, it wakes up to find that its, ap proaches are marred by unsightly or otherwise undesirable structures or that a junkyard has replaced a woodland glade. Because private cooperation in these matters is often uncertain, .state law pro vides that a municipality may zone land usage outward for a mile from its liimts. But unfortunately, when this provision was enacted into law, Moore County was one of the many counties exempted by their legislators from provisions of the law. Moore County’s Rep. H. Clifton Blue recalls that he and State Sen. Wilbur Currie of Carthage conferred on the mat ter of the exemption when the legislation came up in the 1959 session of the General Assembly. At that time, he said, they had no requests from anyone in the county to include Moore County among those covered by the act but did have some reguests that it not be included. So Moore was left out. Now, Mr. Blue says, he wonders if they took the right action. Because the wheels of government turn slowly, it will be 1963—the next session of the General Assembly—before Moore County, assuming there is sufficient de mand, can be made subject to the legisla tion which permits towns with a popu lation of 1,250 or more, within an includ ed county, to have the out-of-city-limits zoning power. Meanwhile the outlying areas around Southern Pines can be protected only by the cooperation and good judgment of property owners or by pressure brought to bear on private owners who propose to make, or allow to have made, some undesirable use of their property. Voicing regrets (and there are many over what might have been prevented by zoning outside the town limits in the oast) is fruitless, but residents of Southern Pines and outlying areas would do well to prepare to support zoning legislation in the next session of the General As sembly. More Economics Than Morality All North Carolina citizens of good will can join Governor Sanford in the praise he gave recently to leaders pf the Greenville Negro community for their successful efforts in combatting juvenile delinquency and illigitimacy during the past five years. Persons interested in reducing these social blights can also join the governor in assigning great importance to educa tion as a means of eliminating such evils. But neither a Negro community’s own efforts nor all the education that could be provided will solve the problems of de linquency and illigitimacy unless broad advances are made by Negroes economi cally. Acquisition of more income, more pro perty and better housing, and consequent ly higher status in the community, is what cures social evils. Above all, it is the hope, the pride, the enthusiasm engender ed by, economic opportunity that keep young people out of trouble. Opening of far wider employment opportunities to Negroes is the real key to the matter. Indeed, of what use is the governor’s quality education if Negro boys and girls cannot find employment commensurate with their education, with financial compensation that will enable them to take their future families out “Cluck, Cluck, Cluck . \> ■ -.K. ^ A \V V, S' FOOP NEW POLITICAL FORCES EVIDENT Did ^SnowbalV Push Krushchev? By JOSEPH . C. HARSCH Special Correspondent The Christian Science Monitor Of the many theories which Western “Kremlinologists” have evolved from their studies of re cent events in Moscow, the most interesting is the snowball theory. This is that Premier Nikita- S. Khrushchev started something on the opening day of the 22d Soviet Communist Party Congress which snowballed far beyond his inten tions and got out of control even to the point of forcing him to take the .extraordinary step of moving Stalin from behind glass to under the sod. This is merely one theory, and not all Western experts by any means accept it. Others think that the entire operation was planned and executed according to plan and that Mr. Khrushchev is more firmly in the saddle in the Kremlin than ever before. These, like most other theories which have em.erged in the attempt to weigh and judge extraordinary events in Moscow, are speculative and controversial, and the final judgment waits on future events. or apparently successful political action since Czarist times. These students have grievances against the regime. They demand freedom to read publications from the outside world and free dom to visit and study in other countries. Having acquired the id.ea that they can move Stalin, they might take thq process a step further and begin to think that they might, by like .action, reach the ability to move them selves. •- The armed forces have also been given reason to think that they have exercised more political influence. They have obtained the nuclear tests they much desired, as well as increased representa tion in party councils. They ap parently will receive rehabilita tion of the officers destroyed in Stalin’s, worst purges. What was a total dictatorship by the party has become a coali tion of political forces undoubt edly still dominated by the party, yet still bearing some of the sub stance of independent political forces. Albania has not returned yet to the authority of Moscow but continues to cite Lenin against Khrushchev on Stalin. Political life inside the Soviet Union ac quires som.3 of the substance if not yet the appearance of group political action. Mr. Khrushchev becomes a politician manipula ting group interests to form a majority from which he can rule. of the living conditions that create social problems? And this, of course, places the problem squarely with the white community, everywhere, since control of nearly all business and industry and the professions is vested therein. Any Negro community that undertakes to improve its “morality” by its own in spirational or educational efforts should be commended, but the white community should not fool itself that this can pro duce any sound or lasting solution. Nothing but the white community’s willingness—even eagerness—to open wider and better job opportunities to Negroes, and to pay accordihgly, will create the economic conditions that have more than anything else to do with elimi nating social ills. As Harry Golden once wrote very shrewdly, any Negro girl who knows she has a chance to become a registered nurse or a depptment store buyer is going to think twice before she has an illigitimate child. But if she is cut off from ambition and opportunity, she is quite likely to feel that no matter what she does, she has nothing to lose. The white community cannot escape its central responsibility in this matter of the Negro’s economic—and hence social—advancement. Repercussions However, W.esterners inevitably attempt to read as wisely as they can what happens in Moscow be cause they know from past ex perience that such happenings can and frequently have produosd repercussioins of major impact upon the outside world. The snowball theory was prov ed in the sequel to the 20th party congress when Mr. Khrushchev first challenged the legend of Stalin’s infallability. The sequel was the Hungarian uprising, which was almost but not quite repeated in Poland. Mr. Khrush chev had released long-pent-up forces inside the Communist orbit Vv'hich broke out of control. Mos cow has never yet entirely reas serted the discipline over‘its sat ellites which was lost in the af termath of the 20th congress. This time Mr. Khrushchev continued and concluded whether by intent dr perforce the logical sequel to his original break with Stalin. But he was extremely careful to couple with it an attempt to re store lost discipline within the bloc. Coalition Mr. Khrushchev has used tbo students and armed forces as his allies in his de-Stalinization oper ation and against “the antiparty group.” But by using them or allying himself with them he has given them increased influence and power. In the process he has recognized that political forces exist within the Soviet state in addition to the political power of the party itself. More Fluid All of it makes the Communist World more politically fluid. Whether this might permit or cause a revival of relaxaion in the international situation is prob lematical. The only positive evi dence so far for the theory that it might is the resolution of the UN problem ov.°r the late Dag Hammarskj old’s successor and apparently a slight easing of the tension over Berlin. (Mr. Harsch was writing from London. The article is reprinted by special permis sion to The Pilot) Stevenson^s Patient Diplomacy (From a recent "Washing ton Merry-Go-Round" col umn by Drew Pearson.) “There’s a significant contrast between the quiet negotiations of Adlai Stevenson which led to a new U, N. Secretary General in New York, and the blustery threats which lost the United States prestige in Berlin. “It was just one day before the U. N. General Assembly met that Dag Hammarskjold was kill ed in Africa. The news brought worldwide speculation that the United Nations could not survive. The Russians had been boygotting it. They had refused to pay dues, proposed that a three-man secre tariat should replace Hammar skjold. So his death gave them an opportunity to revamp the en tire machinery of the United Na tions. By increasing the representation of the armed forces in the Central Committee and by attacking Al bania openly and Communist Chi na by implication he has at least tried to regain Moscow’s author ity. There is no invitation here for the satellites to seize wider autonomy but precisely the re verse. Where he may have released new dangers for himself this time is rather in the domestic politics of the Soviet Union He allowed the Moscowi University students to take the lead in the move to re move Stalin from the mausoleum. This is the first taste of successful “Yet last week, six weeks after Hammarskj old’s death, an interim successor was appointed with every Russian objection removed. “This was accomplished by Ad lai Stevenson’s patient diplomacy plus the fact that President Ken nedy gave his U. N. ambassador complete authority to do what he saw fit. “There were times when the State Department in Washington got impatient with Stevenson, wanted him to get tough and, pound on the table. His reply was: ‘What do you want—^headlines or an agreement?’ “Some Democratic politicians Grains of Sand Shelter? The last advice we have noted about what to take with you when you start to beat it for the bomb proof (so-called), shelter is: the Encyclopedia Britannica. Well, LUCKILY, we do have one; very old, but maybe that wouldn’t matter. It’s upstairs and there are 36 volumes and if we tried to carry it along when the sirens started we’d fallout before W.3 got there. But it might be good protection at that. And we can think of lots of ways it could be used; besides reading the folks to sleep every night. Thought for a Conundrum Question: How do the custom ers listen to Bruce’s stories? Answer: Open-mouthed. also grumbled that Stevenson was being soft on communism. They remembered the TV ap pearances of Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge when he thundered publicly at Soviet delegates, put on a show that won him the GOP nomination for Vice President. Best Time There’s an article in this week’s N. Y. Times magazine en titled: THE BEST TIME (IF ANY) TO WORK. Among other fascinating facts, it says that mice are strongest and most efficient early in the day and weakest around 4 p. m. A'iso they have a peak suscepti bility to alcohol at 8 p. m, sharp. Of course, after that four o’clock slump. And when they start really liv ing things up? When the cat’s away, of course. Thought Local school officials who at tended the meeting of the N. C. School Boards Association at Chapel Hill last Wednesday (the day after the ill-fated State bonds election) report that when Gov, Terry Sanford rose to address the assembled group he noted that it is his custom to read the “Thought for the Day” listed in the religious publication, “The Upper Room.” The “thought” for that day, he said, was “Love Thine Enemies.” Poor Chimp It’s unfortunate they couldn’t find a less pitiful creature than a chimpanzee to be the first cos monaut. The public is supposed to get all excited about the coming ex periment and pepped up behind Kennedy’s efforts to get there— somewhere—ahead of the Rus sians. , Then here come the pic tures of the poor, miserable little chimp, tied down in that cradle, looking up into the faces of the scientists and technicians locking him in. The expression on his wrinkled little old man’s face is acquiescent, fatalistic, unutter ably sad. There is a quiet dignity, too, that strikes home. Poor little chimp. Poor any ani mal, helpless instrum^t in man’s marvelous and terrible drive to know more. But if they could just find some other kind of animal-that wouldn’t make you feel so sorry! Hands Across The Newscolumns When Adlai Stevenson, U. S. Ambassador to the UN, gets, as he did last week, a big hand from both Drew Pearson and Walter Lippmann he can ha pretty sure he is on the right track. Those two birds of such dif ferent feathers do agree, actual ly, more than you’d think but this was the kind of resounding salute seldom indulged in by either. Since then Marquis Childs and many another distinguished com mentator have added their quota of high praise tp the man who has been doing such a fine job both for his own nation and for the United Nations. ■‘Instead, Stevenson picked 12 neutral nations and let them car ry the ball for a U. N. Secretary General with the same power as Dag Hammarskjold, He spent many hours conferring with them and with Soviet Ambassador Zo rin. It took six long and patient weeks. Those Precocious Sophomores Quote (except for names!) from a recent college news release: “Johnny Jones, son of Mrs. Ar- timisia Jones and a rising sopho more, won high acclaim for his playing in last Saturday’s game.” The PILOT “But gradually the Russians withdrew their Troika plan of three secretaries, each with the power of veto. Then they with drew their plan of giving assist ant secretaries the right to pow er. Then they yielded on their demand that the new Secretary General make a statement of pol icy which would tie his hands for the future. Published Every Thursday by THE PILOT, Incorporated Soufhern Pines, North Carolina 1341—JAMES BOYD—1944 “Every one of these restrictions had been withdrawn when U Thant took the oath last week with just as much power as Dag Hammarskjold. In addition the Russian boycott of the U. N. had been removed, which makes him even stronger. Katharine Boyd Editor C. Benedict Associate Editor Dan S. Ray Gen. Mgr. C. G. Council Advertising Mary Scott Newton Business Mary Evelyn de Nissoff Society Composing Room Dixie B. Ray, Michael Valen, Thomas Mattocks and James E. Pate. Subscription Rales Moore County One Year $4.00 Outside Moore County One Year $5.00 “If Stevenson had pounded on the table or blustered, the Rus sians would have got their backs up. Instead he used patience and reason.” Second-class Postage paid at Southern Pines, N. C. Member National Editorial Assn, and N. C. Press Assn.
The Pilot (Southern Pines, N.C.)
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Nov. 16, 1961, edition 1
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