Newspapers / The Smithfield Herald (Smithfield, … / Dec. 8, 1905, edition 1 / Page 6
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r Our Farm Department | 1 Devoted to the Interest of Those Who W Till the Soil A t CONDUCTED BY J. M. BEATY A w ^ 4 ** The Composition and Production of Barnvard Manure To Liebig, tbe great German agricultural chemist of tbe nine teenth century belongs most of the credit of discovery and first investigating tbe natural rela tions between soils and plants and between soils and fertilizers. Chemistry has not only shown wbv fertilizing agents should be applied to the soil, but also how and when they should be applied. Ky the term manure is common ly meant tbe solid und liquid ex crement of animals, either alone or mixed with straw or other convenient litter. Sometimes the term is expanded to include all \ sorts of fertilizers, in this writ-1 ing we shall limit the meaning to j the barnyard product. I'lants derive their sustenance from both air and the soil, and are made up of water, organic combustible substances and inor ganic, incombustible materials, commonly called minerals. A great per cent of the organic j portion of the plant comes from me air auu comprises jjyurugeu, oxygen, and nitrogen. The in organic or mineral parts come from the soil and include lime, magnesia, phosphoric and sul phuric acids, chloride, iron, ox ide, potash, soda and silica. Continuous cropping will in lime impoverish the land by removing these essential soil ingredients, and some means must be resort ed to whereby the lacking ele ments can be restored. The logical, and most natural, as well as the best and most valuable method of soil restora tion is by the use of barnyard manure; for, unlike all other kinds, it contains without ex ception all the constituents necessary to good soil, and ful lils all the requirements for pro ducing perfect, cultivated crops. Farmers who have used both commercial fertilizers and old fashioned barnvard manure 1 know from experience that the latter is by far the best for gen- 1 eral purposes. Chemical analysis of barnyard manure shows the presence of 1 nitrogen, in the form of am- 1 monia, nitrates and other nitro- 1 geuous substances; humus, phos phates, sulphates, lime magnesia I soda potash and silica. 1 This is what we may expect; ' for all these come from the foods ' of theanimals. All these are suffi cient to supply the missing com- 1 pouents of any soil. The most ] important of all the constituents ' of manure are lime phosphates and potash. ! As the farmer cannot control 1 the composition of the air be 1 must direct his efforts towards 1 the soil and familiarize himself 1 with it through experience and 1 by the aid of chemistry so as to ' supply intelligently the deficient!1 constituents to benefit his crops. ' Generally speaking, farmyard 1 manure consists of urine aud 1 solid excrement of farm animals, ! collected in stables on straw or : other bedding materials. The ' straw acts as u valuable absor- 1 bent aud retainer of the liquids, besides possessing several impor- 1 taut compounds to eurich the|1 land. 1 i x. _r! l ue percentage composition 01 manure varies greatly, depeud- , iug upon the age and kinds of j animals, their foods, length of ( time and manner in which it is kept. Young animals void less phosphoric acid and solid matter J than older ones, because they need most of these to build up J their bodies during their period of growth. In the voidiugs of mature animals, where the foods are not nil assimilated, we find a i better grade of manure. For i the same weight of food cattle | produce more dung than sheep < and sheep more than pigs; the i composition of course depends 1 upon the kinds of food. I Practically all the mineral sub- i stances and ninety per cent of , tha nitrogenous compounds of ( the food of animuls are recover- I ed in the solids and liquids ex- | creted; hence it can be readily | seen how valuable a good coat i of manure must l>e to the land. Well fermented manure is bet- < ter and more concentrated then i the fresh article, and therefore i more effective in crop produc- i tion. If stable manure be hauled < direct from the stable to the Held j and be allowed to lie without plowing it under at once, it loses none of its fertilizing properties; through evaporation. The gase ous ammonia will have passed off for the most part while lying in the stable or while loading on the wagon. The remaining am monia is fixed in the form of chloride or sulphate, both ver\ j soluble compounds. These with I other soluble solids are carried into the soil by menus of rainH j and melting snows. Modern successful farming de pends almost entirely upon the use of fertilizing materials ami j manures and value of barnyard manure is appreciated more and understood better than ever be fore by the American farmer.? Indiana Farmer. Beautifying methods that in jure the skin and health are dangerous. Bo beautiful with out discomfort '?y taking IJollis ter's Itocky Mountain Tea. Sun shiny faces follow its use. <15 cents. A. H. Boyett, Druggist, Selma Drug Co. Care of Sheep In Winter Of all stock tbe farmer can in vest in, sheep are among the most profitable and are about the least trouble. They cau feed on any kind of pasture during summer?pasture that would not be of use for any other stock ?and, if there is enough of it, they will begin the winter in good flesh. The farmer should see to it that they are in good flesh. If he has not permanent pasture, he should sow rape for this purpose. The sheep may be ? brought to the barn ana stabled, during the winter months, but this is not a necessity, as an in- i expensive shed may be made in I the sheep pasture, especially if it is not a great distance from | the farmer's house. This shed may be left open on the south side, at least far enough to per mit the sheep to go in and out at leisure. The loft of the shed may be filled with fodder or hay, to have handy to feed to the sheep; also it adds warmth to the shed. Feed shelled corn or shipstuff, at least once a day. Have salt where the sheep cau get it when they want it. There should be good water in the pas ture, where the sheep can have free access to it. Give special attention to the flock during lambing season, that the little lambs may not freeze in extreme cold weather. Also notice that the ewes own the lambs, or tbey will perish. It is best to remove the ewes and new born lambs to a stall to themselves, till the iambs are a :ew days old, or strong enough to keep out of the way of the aid sheep. It is well to look af ter the sheep the last thing be fore retiring at night, as they are on.-of the most profitable* j animals the farmer can keep, and the loss of the young lambs and maybe the mother sheep from neglect should not be al lowed. Sawdust is the best bedding to use, as straw works its way in the wool and damages it.?Indi aan Farmer. Hollister's Rocky Mountain rea is simply liquid electricity. 1 It poos to every part of your ' aody, bringing new blood, ( strength and new vigor. It 1 nakes you well and keeps you ? well. 35 cents. Selma Drug Co., ' A. H. Boyett, Druggist. Farms and Telephones. A principle recognized by all j men is that association, the con- < tact of one man with another, brings about better business | conditions. Thus a man who organizes a company does not | try to isolate himself from man kind, but comes forth and asso- i ciates with other business men. fust the ignoring of this prin- * ciple, this lack of close associa tion with his neighbors, with ] oeople in nearby communities, is oerhaps responsible for the con- ] Jition of some farmers to-day. A regard for the opinion of ] others is responsible for most up-to date movements. Farm ing methods a century ago would \ it ill suit a large number of farm- r crs, but they are not pursued. I i Contact with civilization is the | first step towards converting a savage race. Contact with the people who buy the product the farmer raises is the first step to wards bettering the farmer's condition. Distance is a factor which hat offered more opposition to the development of the social life of the farmer than anything else. With farm houses a quarter of a mile to several miles apart, the farmer's home must be secluded. In some season's outside com j muuication is impossible, but the farmer is awakening to the use of the telephone, to which distauce is no obstacle. The use ol telephones in farm life does not date back very far, but the percentage of increase in the number of farmers who are| using telephones during the last four or five years is strikingly large. Each year sees the awak ening of many farmers to the fact that the telephone is just what is needed to give the long sought privileges of the people in more thickly inhabited districts. When a farmer puts a telephone in his home it is time to watch him grow. He stops making unnecessary trips to town, ami driving around the neighbor hood to obtain information which can now be had in a mo ment. He assumes the attitude of a thorough business man, and really starts upon an up-to-date business career. T"V _ i. f 1 ? r uoes it, not seem ioouhu ior a farmer to hitch a team of horses on a load of hay, drive maybe ten miles to market and then find that he cannot hope or af ford to make a sale? What would be more simple than to call up the market and ascertain the price which the product is bringing and the demand, before wasting a day's labor, and the services of a team in a useless journey. Conservative selling is what the farmer of to day has practiced. Knowing when to sell the product of his labor, keeping the reserve supply in his own hands rather than on the market, will mean fairer prices Farming to-day is a business and must be conducted strictly on business lines. Every modern business help should be sought by the farmer, but first of all he should put a telephone in his home.?Norttiwestern Agricul turist. Edison on Work. In the light of the present strike of union printers for an sight hour schedule, it is inter esting to read the statement of Edison, the famous inventor, that Americans eat too much, sleep too long and do not work tiard enough for their own good. Mr. Edison began life as a poor telegraph operator. He never asked a union how many hours tie might work. Neither does any other man who makes any thing out of himself. There is not a successful busi aess man, and certainly not a successful farmer, anywhere, who can thrive by working only eight 1 lours a day. The employers of hese very men who are striking, work ten and twelve hours a day j1 to devise plans whereby to keep the business off of the rocks and j to increase the volume, thereby 1 ncreasing the jobs for the em cloves. It takes more than eight j tiours, except for a genius, to ac j .?omplish success in this world oi J competition, ana even when wt jet close to genius itself, we find that genius is defined as an in i finite capacity for hard work. There is work which is drudg cry, but usually it is the mere drudge who is doing it. With a man of right spirit, in good health, it is almost impossible to overwork. Millions of people overworry? and it is not always the wage earner who is the victim of the overworry ailment?but few, even among strepuous Americans, overwork. Edison is right.? Northwestern Agriculturist. Divorces Increasing Everywhere. Number of divorces in United States from 1869 to 1901, 700, )00. Men and women whose homes lave been broken up, 1,400,000. Children deprived of home in iuence, about 4,000,000. Number of divorces in next 34 pears at same ratio, 30,000,000 Divorces granted in United States in 1904, about 100,000 Divorces granted in Great Iritaiu in 1904, 600. Divorces granted in France in 1901. 9,401. Divorces grunted in Canada in 1904, 69.? Washington Dost. The Herald office will take rour subscription for any paper >r magazine published in the Jnited States. WANTS ruADE COMMISSION. Overman Would Spend $500,000 Drumming Up Business Senator Overman, of North Carolina, probably will introduce in the Senate to-morrow a bill providing for the establishment of a world market commission to investigate market conditions throughout the world and make such recommendations as will promote the export of American manufactured products It pro vides for a commission of ve members and the employment of experts, to last three years, and to cost not more than $500,000. It is stipulated in the titlethat the commission shall "consider ways and means for enlarging the export trade in cotton products and other manufactures of the United States " Empha sis is laid upon the need of the encouragement of cotton exports because of the enormous exports of raw material and the com paratively small manufacture of cotton goods in the South. The commission is modeled some what after British and German commissions that have made such investigations and have us gouareu reciprocity treaties. Senator Overman said at the Cochran last night that he did not intend that the commission should go into the tariff prob lem, as it should be non-pa: tisan and lor the benefit of all manu facturers. It is considered likely that the bill will meet with favor from the "stand patters," be cause it would sidetrack tariff tinkering, and by those in favor of reciprocity because the com mission's finding might show the urgent need of reciprocity treaties to insure trade with cer tain countries. "It is generally recognized that there is a strong need of such a commission because of the poor showing made by our manufac tured exports as compared to our exports of raw ma terial," said Senator Over man. "The cotton products of the South are increasing every year. The South exports more than 7,000,000 bales of raw cot ton, which are manufactured in to cotton goods in England and sent back to South America where $52,000,000 worth were sold to Argentine alone last year. Why should we not get that trade instead of England? "Why should we not manu facture the cotton goods if we can get a market for them? This commission is intended to help find that market. "And so it is in all lines of ex port. Germany sent out experts, who found what the countries to which they went wanted. They so informed their manufacturers, and they got the business. Why should we not do likewise? In stead of spending tens and per haps hundreds of millions upon subsidies for American vessels to carry the goods of other nations, why not spend half a million to promote a trade for our ships to carry? What good will the Pan ama Canal do us if we are not ready to take advantage of its commercial opportunities? I be lieve the time is ripe for such a commission as I propose to do splendid work that will benefit the whole country."?Washing ton Post. A Quiet Home Marriage. A quite home marriage was solemnized yesterday, Nov. 29, at high noon, when Dr. S. P. ,J. Lee and Miss Lizzie Wagstaff were united in marriage at the home of the bride's parents, Mr. and Mrs. (L C. Wagstaff. Kev. D. F. Putnam, of Benson, spoke the magic words, which changed two hearts to one. There being no invitations, only the imme diate famlies of the contracting parties were present. The bride wore a going-away gown of gray cloth. The groom was attired in the conventional black. Immediately after the cere mony the happy young couple left for Dunn where they board edthe northbound train for Wash ington, Baltimore and other northern cities, in which place the honey-moon will be spent. They will be in Norfolk Thanksgiving day to witness the foot-ball game between the Universities of Va. and Carolina. The bride is the charming and attractive daughter cf Mr. and Mrs 0. C. Wagstaff and has a large circle of friends wherever known. The groom is a popular physician of Sampson county. May their lives be filled with only enough shadows as to make the sunshine brighter. Blue Bell. Bang shells are the best. Cot ter Stevens Co. I 65 Bargains jj * m * * ?i. it\ Jy Being overstocked on Ladies' Shoes, sizes ^ \i\ 3, 3 1-2 and 4. we offer the following re. ft duction in prices to Close Out Quick ^ if 4* ? 43 Pairs $1,25 Shoes now 75 $ ? 12 Pairs 1 50 Shoes now $1.00 ft ? 10 Pairs 2.00 Shoes now $1.50 if ft if Guaranteed to be the equal to shoes bought W elsewhere at the regular price. jL if _ ft | Gulley | I & Guiiey 1 i/ - ft \|/ CLAYTON, - - - North Carolina ft WV. /}\ Fall Trade We have for the Fall Trade Cooking and Heating Stoves and Majestic Ranges. These Ranges are superb in their equipment. Guns, Loaded Shells and ammunition. Devoe's and Kurfee's Paints, Lead. Oil and Varnishes. Carpenter's Tools and Farm Implements. Sash, Doors and other [build ing material. Rubber, Leather and Canvass belt ing, and other Mill Supplies. Royal Washing Ma chines. Boys Wagons and Velocipedes. Johnston harvesting Machinery, which is as good as the best and cheaper. Call to see us. CLAYTON HARDWARE COMPANY C. W. CARTER, Proprietor. You Have The Horse You have the horse, but what is he worth by himself? When you think of using him remember we have a full line of Buggies, Harness and Saddles in different styles and at prices to suit everybody ? . D. E. HcKinne Princeton, N. C. North - Carolina - Farmers Need a North Carolina Farm Paper One adapted to North Carolina climate, soils and conditions, made by Tar Heels and for Tar Heels?and at the' same time as wide awake as any in Kentucky or Kamchatka. Such a paper is The Progressive Farmer Raleigh, N. C. Edited by Clarence H. Poo, with Dr. C. W. Burnett, of the A. & M. College, and Director B. W. Kilgore, of the Agricultural Experiment Station (you know them), as assistant editors ($1 a year). If you are already taking the paper, we can make no re duction, but if you are not taking it, You Can Save 25 Cents By sending your order to us. That is to say, to new Progressive Farmer subscribers we will send that paper with TheSmithfield HekaLD both one year for $1.75. Regular price $2.00. No progressive citizen who is fully alive to the interests of his own county should fail to be a subscriber to his County paper. He should do more than this; ho should tak j some good Farm or State paper?The Progiessive Farmer is both of these, and no man who wants to put a good first-class paper in his homo in ad dition to his local paper can do better than to tako advantage of our offer. Address all orders to THE HERALD, Smithfield, N. C.
The Smithfield Herald (Smithfield, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 8, 1905, edition 1
6
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