BUILDING II' THE COMMUNITY. A Great Address Delivered at the Chautauqua Tent Sunday After noon by James S. Knox of Cleve land, Ohio. First We Must Discover Our Problems and Then Set Out To Solve Them. Speaker Called Atten tion to Our Educational System and Spoke of the Great Inefficiency Along Many Lines. Co-Operation and Not Competition is the Life of a Community. One of the greatest lectures, or addresses, ever heard in Smithfield was delivered here last Sunday after noon at the Chautauqua by James S. Knox, the efficiency expert of Cleve land, Ohio. We deem it an address of such worth that we arc giving a full synopsis to our readers today: There are two fundamental princi ples underlying community building: First, a problem must be acknowledg ed before it can be solved. Second, every community problem has an ed ucational basis. There are many problems in this country that should have been solved many years ago that we are now just beginning to recog nize as problems. We are face to face with some industrial educational problems that the educators of this country did not until recently recog nize as educational problems. I am go ing to call your attention to four fun damental problems that President Wilson has recently called our at tention to. First, agricultural effi ciency; Second, industrial efficiency; Third, commercial efficiency; Fourth, personal efficiency. There are 13 mil lion people engaged in agriculture in this country and according to the Gov ernment, one per cent of them are efficient. This is a sad commentary upon our educational efficiency. In England they raise 40 bushels of wheat to an acre, Scotland 38, Ger many and Ireland 34, China 23, but in the United States, the country with the richest soil, we only raise 16 bushels to the acre. In Europe they are obliged to mix brains with the soil. In this country we are not. Our country school educational system is a disgrace to this age. When a boy finishes a country school course he ought to have made a careful study of the science of agriculture and eco nomics, but instead of that he leaves school both an agricultural and eco nomical illiterate. The time is coming when we will have a township high school in every county that will teach agriculture. Every high school in this country ought to teach agriculture. The Government is now spending 32 million dollars a year to help the far mer of the country. The State of North Carolina is to be congratulated upon the fact that it has 68 men and 49 women who are agricultural dem onstrators. This is going to help revo lutionize the agricultural conditions in this country. Lack of Rusiness Efficiency. We have 14 million people engaged in manufacture, and the Government estimates that about 1 per cent is ef ficient. No one has ever believed that more than 5 per cent of the business people in this country were efficient. Of the million merchants en gaged in business in this country, be tween 80 and 90 per cent make no net profit. The business life of the aver age retail merchant of the Middle West is just 10 years. It takes him just that long to lose all the money he has. We have in this country 123 law schools and 96 medical schools, bu<( not, a singla school owned by cither State or nation teaches a man mer chandise. Three million people of the United States are sick all the time. Five hundred thousand of them are tubercular. This is a community problem that must receive our very serious consideration. Of the 20 mil lion farmers in tH1s country, 10 mil lion have incomes of only $600 per family, while six million have in comes of only $400.00 a year per family. Poverty is a national ca lamity. Only 5 per cent of the men of this country earn $3,000 a year or more. The average man must be taught how to increase his personal efficiency, and therefore his income. Impressions Made by the Town. Now let us see how we can apply this idea to the community. Every town, like every individual has a dis tinct personality, and every town like every individual radiates to the world what it is. If a man is a success, he radiates success, if he is a failure he radiates failure. The same thing is true with the town. Every man who I visits your town carries away an im pression of the town, and the impres sion he carries away depends upon the impression you give him. The average town in this country is surrounded by a political invisible Chinese wall, and that wall is composed of suspi cion and prejudice. The average farm er looks in with a certain amount of suspicion, and the average business man looks out with a certain amount of prejudice. Suspicion and perajudice are community chloroformers instead of community builders. If the farmer feels that the mer chant has no interest in him, he sees no reason why he should be interest ed in the merchant. The average far mer thinks the average business man is "stuck up," because he wears a white collar. The trouble is that the farmer is a little bit "stuck down." What we need in community life is a larger vision of life and its possibili ties. We have developed a spirit of suspicion, prejudice and antagonism rather than co-operation, and what are some of the results? The mail order houses have grown to such an extent that they are now doing over 5 hundred million dollars worth an nually, and ten thousand American towns have lost population. Five Great Reasons. There are five reasons for mail or der development and small town de moralization as follows: Lack of pro per community organization, lack of proper community co-operation, lack of community loyalty, lack of sales manship advertising in business effi ciency on the part of the merchants, and because of the high degree of salesmanship advertising in business efficiency on the part of the mail order houses. What is the purpose of a town in the community? It is to serve that community to the maximum of its ability. If your town is doing that, it is getting 98 per cent of the busi ness in your territory. But the aver age town of 5000 in the United States is sending one hundred thousand dol lars a year to the mail order houses. Lansing, Michigan, a city of 35,000, is sending to the mail order houses nearly two million dollars a year. Your Chamber of Commerce whose dues are from $1.00 to $5.00 every year is nearly always a dead insti tution. You must invest money in or der to money, and it is not a question of what a thing cost, but what is it worth. Your dues ought to be at least $10.00 a year. The Chamber of Commerce that I belong to charges $40.00 a year dues, and we have a prominent speaker once a week during the year. The leading business men of a great city realize the need of continually getting new ideas, and studying in the various phases of their business, not only lo cally, but nationally and internation ally. A small town must do the same, if it is going to solve its prob lems and properly serve its commu nity. We are just beginning to learn the meaning or co-operation in com munity life. Co-operation, and not competition, is the life of community trade. The lower we go on the scale of civilization, the more we find dis organization, disintegration and fail ure; the higher we go, the more we find organization, co-operation and success. Loyalty is based upon organi zation and co-operation. I can't see how there can be any such thing as national loyalty and patriotism unless there is community loyalty and patri otism. A great many people are not loyal to their own community from the standpoint of buying at home, and yet they do not realize that it has any effiect at all on their own home. The individual who buys goods away from home, is in that act crucifying the lo cal genius in his own community, and making it difficult for it to develop. Community Grafters. I know a woman who is educating her three sons in the public schools of her town that are supported by the business men of her town, but she buys practically all of her goods from mail order houses. This woman is a commurity grafter, but she does not realize it. Any individual who profits by the advantages of a com munity without helping to pay for these advantages is a community grafter. The individual who buys a dollar's worth of goods outside of his own town, that might just as well be bought at home, is helping to commit community suicide. When we buy our goods from mail order houses, we drive our merchants out of business and we kill the social life of the corn unity. When the town begins to die, the hotel goes down. The hotel is a semi-public institution, and you can not have a good town without a good hotel. When you drive the merchants out of business, you kill the local newspaper and you cannot have a live town without a newspaper, and you cannot have a live newspaper with out live patronage. When a town gets a reputation for being a dead town, its brightest high school and college graduates, realizing that success is impossible at home, leave their com munity and go to the large cities, and instead of building a civilization in that community we demoralize it. The average community would do well to follow the advice of Benjamin Franklin, when he said we would either have to hang together or hang separately. The people of the commu nity will either have to work together or some of them will go hungry sep arately. How to Keep Boys and Girls. You may send to the mail order houses for your dry goods and your groceries, but you cannot send away for paved streets, or your schools or your churches or your social life. Unless the people of the community are given the advantages of these things, the brightest of them will leave the community and go away where they can get them. Every young man possesses within himself a continent of undiscovered possibil ities which whisper to him that he is capable of almost infinite develop ments, if he will only wake up and r* urn Vi i *vi u nl ^ o /tVi n r\/in iiiuiocii a vitalise. One of the purposes of a Chautau qua is to help build up high ideals, to arouse and inspire the people of a community to a realization of their power and possibilities, and to en courage the community as a whole to work together to the end, that it may make of itself a maximum instead of a minimum town; a place that every one in the community is proud of, a place where everyone of the commu nity will want to go instead of get away from. DON'T WANT SEPARATE TRUCE Russian Refuse German Gensxfei'g Offer of Armistice, Send Strong Answer. Council of Workmen and Soldiers Calls on Army to Repulse Any Such Tampering. Petrograd, June 9. ? The German commander in chief on the Eastern front has invited the Russian armies to a separate armistice, according to a statement by the council of work men and soldiers made public today. It was proposed, according to the statement, that secret pour parlers with German leader be inaugurated, but the scheme was denounced by the council. in a wireless teigram, me coun cil's announcement states, tht- Ger man commander proposed to show the armies a way towards an honor able peace and a means of ceasing to wage war without a rupture with the entente allies. The council of work men's and soldiers' delegates has in t'-is connection addressed to the Rus sian army the following appeal: "The commander in chief of the German armies on the Eastern front has sent to our troops a wireless message proposing to indicate to them a way toward an honorable peace and a means for ceasing to wage war without a rupture with the allies. The German general talks this way because he knows that the Rus sian revoultionary troops would re ject with indignation any overt pro posal for a separate peace. "That is why the enemy command er in chief invite our armies to a separate armistice an4 proposes that we should enter into secret pour nar lers with the German military lend ers on the Eastern front. In his wire less telegram the German declares that a separate armistice does not of for Germany any advantage. But this is untrue for, in speaking of the in activity of the German army on the Russian front, the German general forgets what Russia can not forget, notably the Russian defeat on the Stockhod. The German general has forgotten that the Russian troops know whether the divisions and heavy batteries are being taken from our front. The German general has for gotten that we in Russia hear the sound of the bloody battles which are being fought on the Franco-British front. He has forgotten that Russia knows that the overthrow of her al lies would mean the overthrow of Russia and the end of her political liberty." GERMANY LESS FORWARD NOW. Another Day I'asses Without Effort Their l'art to Regain Ground Tak en by British In Reeent Drive. Teutons Along the Ypres Front De clared to Re Demoralized. South ward, However, They Are Heavily Bombarding British Positions. Another day has passeu without the demoralized Germans along the Ypres front making an effort by counter-attacking to regain the ground they lost in the titannc drive of Field Marshal Haig's men last Thursday. South of Ypres, however, the Teutons heavily bombarded the British positions where additional terrain was taken from them Satur day night on several sectors. Aerial activity between the German and British fliers continued Saturday and numerous battles in the air were fought. Nine enemy machines were accounted for by the British, who themselves lost three. There has been no fighting along that part of the line where the French are facing the Germans rising above the character of small surprise at tacks. On the Chemin-des-Dames, the Germans early Sunday morning pene trated a small salient west of Cerny, but almost immediately were driven out. In the Austro-Italian theater, the fighting is being done entirely by the artillery wings of the opposing ar mies. There has been no attempt at a resumption by the Italians of their *;reat offensive in the Carso front, but from the fact that reconnoiter ing parties are being sent out to sur vey the new positions of the Aus trians, another great battle probably is not far distant. In Macedonia, especially along the Vardar river sector, artillery duels are in progress. The situation at Kronstadt, where the council of workmen's and sol diers' delegates is still defying the provisional government, remains 'tense. Apparently as its first step in carrying out its threat to take reso lute action, the government has re called various officials from Kron stadt. A heartening sign in the crisis there is the fact that the fleet in that port is reliable and can be depended on to aid the government. The movement for the establish ment of a republic in Russia has been joined by the congress of peasants' delegates of all Russia. The situation in Spain which re sulted in the resignation of the min istry is still acute. The Marquis Perie to has declined to retain the pre miership, and the belief prevails that Eduardo I)ato, a former premier of conservative leanings, will be en trusted with the formation of a cab inet. As a result of the recent bombard ment of Ostend, and probably in fear that another operation of a sim ilar character might be carried out against the port, the Germans have removed all the large ships from the harbor, which presents a deserted appearance. ? Associated Press Sum mary, Sunday. ROMANOFF TO BE PUNISHED. Soldiers Are Clamorous Against the Former Czar. Petrograd, June 9 (via London.. ? The demand of the revolutionaries for the trial and condign punishment of Nicholas Romanoff, the former em peror, and in the meantime his sub jection to restraint in prison, which at first was made by a handful of ir responsible extremists, is growing daily. All Petrograd laughed at the resolution of the Bolsehviki, the fac tion led by Nikolai Lenine, two days ago, demanding the transfer of Nich olas to Kronstadt or even to the Si berian mines. But today comes official news that the crews of the battleships Republic and Gangut and the cruiser Diana, stationed at Helsingfors, had adopted a resolution requiring the imprison ment of the former emperor at Kron stadt until he is placed on trial. The sailors declared that if the de mand was rejected the warships would apply force. On Tuesday, Saratof was placarded with red proclamations having the same import and today there are be ing gold in the streets of Petrograd thousands of leaflets inscribed "Trial for Nicholas II." UNVEILING AT GETTYSBURG. Statue of Robert E. Ix'e, Loved Lead er, Given to Government. Many Veterans There. Monument on Pennsylvania Field Where Pickett's Men Rode to Death and Deathless Fame. Gettysburg, Pa., June 8. ? Confed erate veterans from all parts of the South came here today from Wash ington, where their annual reunion is in progress, to attend the unveil ing of Virginia's monument on the Gettysburg battlefield. On the spot where Pickett's divis ion formed 54 years ago for its fa mous charge in the third day's battle that marked the high tide of the Confederacy; an equestrian statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee, mounted on his famous horse Traveler, was formally presented to the nation. Several thousand Daughters of the Confeder acy and Sons of Veterans also at tended the ceremonies. Gov. Stuart of Virginia led the parade to the battle grounds. Miss Anne Carter Lee, a granddaughter of Gen. Lee, pulled the cords which unloosed the Stars and Stripes cov ering the monument. Gov. Stuart, in presenting the memorial to the government, recount ed the character which has made the name of Lee loved and revered throughout the world and declared that today marked the third time the blue and gray had blended on this spot, first in battle array, the second time at the reunion of the 50th anni versary and today at the unveiling of Virginia's memorial. This occasion, he said, should stand as a sign to all the world of the union of the North and South. The governor's eulogy to Gen. Lee and the men who served for the Lost Cause evoked great demonstration. The statue was accepted on behalf of the government by Assistant Sec retary of War Ingraham. The invoca tion was pronounced by the Rev. Jamc3 Power Smith, who served as captain and aide on the staff of Stone wall Jackson. Assistant Secretary of War In graham in accepting today for the war department the rvmori.il which the State of Virginia ! .is erected on Gettysburg battlefield to her soldier dead, declared it wat characteristic of the American pcop.u that both North and South could meet as one great reunited family on the field where they had inflicted the greatest carnage on each other. "Virginia knows how to honor those she loved and who fought and died for her ideals," said Mr. Ingra ham. "It is only natural and proper for those who survive to honor those who fell. It matters not whether they be the victors or the vanquished as long as their part was honorable and they fought like men. "The lessons we gather from the battlefield on which we stand, the in spiration that this monument gives us, all go forth toward helping us solve the difficulties of the present hour. The Civil war up to the out break of the present conflict was the greatest struggle the world had ever seen, but now it sinks into insignifi cance compared with it. But those who took part in the Civil war and especially in the battle of Gettysburg realize what war means and can best interpret the full significance of the present struggle." Death of a Child. On Friday night, June 1, death en tered the home of Mr. and Mrs. Hosse Hill and took from them their little hoy, Eston. His death was caused !